More families consist of one‐parent households or two working parents;（ ）,children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family structure.A.contrarily B.consequently C.similarly D.simultaneously
题目
More families consist of one‐parent households or two working parents;（ ）,children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family structure.
A.contrarily
B.consequently
C.similarly
D.simultaneously
B.consequently
C.similarly
D.simultaneously
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第1题：
In the past, American families (16) to be quite large. Parents (17) five or more were common. Over the years, the (18 )of the family has decreased. One reason for this is an increase in the (19) of living (20) the average, children attend schools for more years than they used to, making them (21) dependent on their families longer. Moreover, children nowadays are better (22) and have more money to spend on (23). The parents usually take the responsibility 24 all the expense. Meanwhile, families are less close than they used to be. More and more American mothers 25 away from home.
16.A. tended
B. wanted
C. seemed
D. extended
17.A. breeding
B. raising
C. feeding
D. bringing
18.A. amount
B. number
C. size
D. scale
19.A. level
B. standard
C. wage
D. cost
20.A. On
B. By
C. At
D. From
21.A. finally
B. financially
C. fashionably
D. faintly
22.A. worn
B. wearing
C. dressing
D. dressed
23.A. luxury
B. activity
C. playing
D. entertainment
24.A. at
B. to
C. on
D. for
25.A. are
B. run
C. work
D. separate
参考答案：ABCDA BDDDC
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第2题：
In the past, American families tended to be quite large. Parents raising five or more children were common. Over the years, the size of the family is becoming smaller. One reason for this is an increase in the cost of living.
Generally children attend schools for more years than they used to, making them financially dependent on their families longer. Moreover, children nowadays are better dressed and have more money to spend on entertainment. The parents are usually responsible for all the expenses. And families are less close than they used to be. More and more American mothers work away from home. The break-up of the family appears when the parents' divorce.
A lot of children in the U. S. live part of their young lives with only one parent. Children grow up feeling unsettled as they are moved between their parents. Single parents often marry other single parents. In this type of family, unrelated children are forced to develop brother or sister relationship.
The situations of many American families today are not good. However, recent signs show that things are getting better. The divorce rate is declining(降低). Perhaps Americans have learned how important families are.
21. In the past, American families tended to be().
A. quite small
B. medium sized
C. quite large
22. To parents who take the responsibility for children's expenses, the cost of living increases because().
A. children attend school for more years
B. children are better dressed and spend more money on entertainment
C. all of the above
23. Children whose parents divorced always feel unsettled because().
A. they are moved between their parents
B. they are forced to develop brother or sister relationship
C. they have little money to spend
24. According to the author, the situations of American families in the future may().
A. get better
B. remain the same
C. become worse
25. The title of the article might be() .
A. American Children
B. American Families
C. American Parents
参考答案：21、C 22、C 23、B 24、A 25、B
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第3题：
Lewis’ research provides an answer to the question 。
A. why TV is important in family life
B. why parents should keep good order
C. why children in small families seem to be quieter
D. why middle children seem to have more difficulties in life
正确答案：D推理判断题。Lewis的研究表明中间的孩子不受重视，可以推断出这对他们将来的生活会造成一定的影响。 -
第4题：
共用题干
The Family
The structure of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the same society. The family's form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences. Until recently,the most common form in North America was the nuclear family,consisting of a married couple with their minor children. The nuclear family is an independent unit. It must be prepared to fend for itself. Individual family members strongly depend on one anoth-er. There is little help from outside the family in emergencies. Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are cared for only if it is possible for the family to do so. In North America,the elderly often do not live with the family;they live in retirement communities and nursing homes.
There are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial societies,such as North America,and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits,who live in harsh environments. The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility. In harsh condi-tions,mobility allows the family to hunt for food. For North Americans,the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility.
The nuclear family was not always the North American standard. In a more agrarian time,the small nuclear family was usually part of a larger extended family. This might have included grandparents,mother and father,brothers and sisters,uncles,aunts,and cousins. In North America today,there is a dramatic rise in the number of single-parent households. Twice as many households in the United States are headed by divorced,separated,or never-married individuals as are comprised of nuclear families. The structure of the family,not just in North America,but throughout the world,continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions.A nuclear family is defined as______.
A: a married couple with their minor children
B: a single father with minor children
C: parents,grandparents,and children
D: parents,children,and aunts and uncles答案：A解析：题干意为“下面哪个选项可以作为这篇短文另一个合适的标题？”该题为主旨题，短文开篇就提到了家庭结构，短文最后一句提到“不仅在北美洲，在全世界范围，家庭结构都会随着情况的不断变化而改变”，这也在谈论家庭结构，由此可见这篇短文的主题与家庭结构相关，由此可以进一步确认答案为A项“家庭的结构是什么”。
题干意为“核心家庭的定义是什么？”该题为细节题，第一段的第三句话对核心家庭进行了定义：Until recently,the most common form in North America was the nu-clear family, consisting of a married couple with their minor children．该句意为“在此以前，北美洲最普遍的家庭形式为核心家庭，由一对夫妇和他们未成年的孩子构成”。由此可知A项 “由一对夫妇和他们未成年的孩子构成的家庭”是答案。
题干意为“这篇文章最有可能出自哪里？”该题属于主旨题。该短文主题涉及家庭，因此最有可能出自人类学课本，所以A是正确的答案。
题干意为“第一段的信息主要以何种方式陈述的？”根据第一段的陈述方式，并没有列出数据（A项）或者讲故事（B项），而是通过描述共性而阐述出核心家庭的概念。因此C项“指出相似性”是正确的答案。
题干意为“mobility的词意是什么？”mobility是mobile“可移动的，机动的” 的名词形式。首先在短文中找到mobility存在的语境：（第二段）There are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial societies, such as North America,and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits,who live inharsh environments. The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility. In harsh conditions ,mobility allows the family to hunt for food. For North Americans, the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility.mobility所在的上下文提到“核心家庭结构良好地适应于……的生活。在恶劣的条件下，……能让一个家庭吃饱饭，对北美洲人来说，找工作和提高社会地位同样需要……。”四个选项中，A项“金钱”,B项“随时准备迁居”,C项“组织，机构”,D项“技能，技巧”，显然B项“随时准备迁居”填入mobility所在的语境中合适，因此答案为B。 -
第5题：
共用题干
第二篇
The Privileged Children
Life really should be one long journey of joy for children who are born with a world of wealth at their tiny feet.But experts on psychological research now believe that silver spoons can leave a bitter taste.If suicide statistics are a sign of happiness,then the rich are a miserable lot. Figures show that it is the rich who most often do away with themselves.
Dr. Robert Coles,an internationally famous doctor,is the world's top expert on the influence of money on children.He has written a well-received book on the subject,The Privileged Ones,and his research shows that too much money in the family can cause as many problems as too little."Ohviously there are certain advantages to being rich,"says the 53-year-old doctor,"such as better health,education and future work expectations.But most important is the quality of family life. Money can't buy love."
It can buy a lot of other things,though,and that's where the trouble starts.Rich kjds have so much to choose from that they often become confused.Their parents' over favoring can make them spoiled.They tend to travel more than other children,from home to home and country to country, which often makes them feel restless.
"But privileged children do have a better sense of their positions in the world,"adds Mr Coles, "and they are more self-assured."
Today's rich parents perhaps have realized that their riches can be more of a burden than a favor to their children.So their priority is to ensure that their families are as rich in love as they are in money.This article is written mainly to tell readers that_________.
A:the rich are more likely to do away with themselves
B:money can bring a lot of things,including love
C:life is always happy for children of rich parents
D:rich parents should realize what important in the family is love rather than money答案：D解析：从文章的叙述我们知道财富可以是恩赐也可以是负担，从第一段最后两句我们知道有钱人并非都幸福。因此选项D是正确的。选项A错误是因为有钱的孩子确实会常常旅游，但文章并没有说是否喜欢旅行。选项B错误：文章第二段最后一句说了钱买不了爱。选项C错误：第一段最后一句只是说有钱人最常自杀，却没说有钱的孩子会自杀。
文章第二段最后一句提到财富会给人带来很多益处，但是最重要的家庭生活的质量却往往不是他们能享受的。因此选项C是正确的。选项A、选项B和选项D都不正确。
选项B、C、D在文章中都提到过，只有选项A不正确。文章没有提过有钱人家和穷人家一样缺少爱。
silver spoon是一个固定说法，并不真是指银子做的勺子，而是指财富，如 be born with silver spoon指的是“生在富有人家”。因此只有选项C是正确的。
文章最后一句讲到“富有的家长们也意识到要让他们家庭里的爱同金钱一样多”，而且第二段最后也提到家庭生活的质量是最重要的，因此选项D是正确的。其他三个选项的叙述都是错误的。 -
第6题：
共用题干
American Families
1 Despite social and economic differences among Americans,many American families have certain characteristics in common.Both the husband and wife were born in the United States,and their forefathers came from Europe.They have completed high school,and they belong to the middle class.They have a car, a television set,a washing machine,a refrigerator,a telephone,etc.They own their own home and spend about 55%of their income for housing and food.Clothing accounts for almost 10%of their income,medical care 6%,transportation 8%and taxes 15%.The rest of their income is used for such items as insurance, savings,gifts,and recreation.
2 Most families consist of a mother,a father,and,at most,two children living at home.There may be relatives-grandparents,aunts,uncles,cousins living in the same community,but American families usually maintain separate households.This family structure is known as the"nuclear family".It is unusual. for members of the family other than the husband,wife,and children to live together.
3 Marriage in the United States is considered a matte,r of individual responsibility and decision.Young people frequently fall in love and many even if their parents disagree.American marriages are usually based on romantic love,rather than on social class,education,or religion.
4 After their marriage the young couple is free to decide where to live and when to start a family.Most young couples set up their own household immediately.In the early 1970s only 15%of all married couples were not living on their own-independently and by themselves.Most married people practise some kind of birth control.They plan the number of children they are going to have and when their children will be born. The practice of limiting the size of families has general approval.The birth rate has been declining steadily in recent years.Paragraph 2______
A:Post-marriage Life
B:The Birih Rate in the Early 1970s
C:Usual Family Structure of American Families
D:Features in Common in Many American Families
E:Marriage Concept in the USA
F:In Marriages Usually Romantic Love Is as Important as Social Class,Education,or Religion答案：C解析：第一段的主旨句是第一句：" Despite social and economic differences among Americans,many American families have certain characteristics in common." D项中的“features”是主旨句中" characteristics”的同义转换。
第二段主要讲的是美国家庭是由哪些成员组成的，即常见的美国家庭的结构。
第三段第一句是主旨句，根据其中的“Marriage”把答案圈定在A.玖F三项，又由第三段最后一句可知，美国婚姻基于真爱而非基于社会阶级、教育和宗教，排除F项。本段主要讲的是婚姻观念而非婚姻生活，因此选择E项。
第四段的主旨句是第一句，主要讲的是美国年轻夫妻的婚后生活。A项中的“post-marriage"甲是第四段第一句中“After their marriage”的同义转换。
根据第一段第一句可知，美国很多家庭都有一定的相似之处。E项中的“some similarfeatures”是第一段第一句中“certain characteristics in common”的同义转换。
根据第三段第一句“Marriage in the United States is considered a matter of individualresponsibility and decision.”可知，美国年轻人自己负责和决定他们的婚姻。B项中的“theirown decisions”是第三段第一句中“individual responsibility and decision”的同义转换。
根据第四段第二句“Most young couples set up their own household immediatily.”可知，许多年轻人在婚后立即建立自己的家庭，不再与他们的父母住在一起。
根据第四段最后一句“The birth rate has been declining steadily in recent years.”可知，出生率近年来持续下降。F项中的“dropping”是对第四段最后一句中“declining”的同义改写。 -
第7题：
Children for whom school has no point
Many children do not go to school either because their parents want them at home as carers for siblings,or simply because their parents cannot be bothered to send them．Thousands more are not registered at any school at all,because of their families'unstable lives.
Underlying this dreadful situation there are two central truths．First of all,the problem of children not going to school often has more to do with their parents than with the children themselves．Secondly,once children go to school,we need to make sure that the experience is a positive one so that they want to keep on going.
In Britain,the Ministry of Education has introduced a complex package of sticks and carrots to persuade Schools to bring truants'and excluded children back into the classroom．It is paying grants so that a thousand schools can set up special units to help these children．Schools receive the grant if they bring a target number of children back to school;if they do not meet the target,the grant is withdrawn.
Parents are the subject of this campaign,too:the Home Office has introduced fines for parents who fail to send their children to school,and has given the police power to pick up truants on the streets.
Truant=a child who does not go to school when he or she should.
The Home Office__.A.has given powers to the police to pick up parents
B.will give money to parents to send children to school
C.will go to the family and persuade parents and their children
D.will punish parents who fail to send their children to school答案：D解析：最后一段。家庭办公室也实施一种政策，即不送孩子进校念书的家长要被罚款，并赋予警察权力。警察可以抓游荡在街上的学龄儿童。 -
第8题：
We first think of the traditional or nuclear family．This is a two-generation family,the father and the mother and their own children．Most couples wanted to have four children,two boys,two girls.
Some nuclear families,however,may add one or more grandparents to come to live with them,that is three generations．This kind of family with grandparents,parents,and grandchildren is called an extended family．This family type was not very common during the later half of the twentieth century,but it's becoming more common now as an elderly grandparent moves in to live with a son or daughter．This is more possible now that American homes have become larger．What is interesting,however,is that after the grandchildren move out of the home and start their own families,this extended family shrinks back to a nuclear family,with just two generations again living together,a grandparent and parents,with the grandchildren coming only for occasional visits．
Now,the fatherless or motherless family is one kind of what we call a single-parent family．In the fatherless family it's just the mother and her children．As I said,this can be the result of the husband's death,of an unmarried mother,of a separation or divorce．There are also a growing number of motherless families--where the father raises the children,for any of the same reasons．A motherless family may also be fatherless,but still a family with one adult．This is becoming more common in the big cities where a grandmother will raise her daughter's children while the daughter goes elsewhere to work.
One other new kind of family is becoming increasingly more common．A single parent with one or more children will marry again．Perhaps the other parent is also a single parent．Together they will start what is called a blended family,which blends together or combines the children from two other families.
Who usually looks after the children in a both motherless and fatherless family in America?A.The children's aun
B.The children's nursery or schoo
C.The children's grandmothe
D.The children's neighbou答案：C解析：第二自然段后半部分写到：“A motherless family may also be fatherless，but still a family with one adult．This is becoming more common in the big cities where a grandmother will raise her daughter’s children while the daughter goes elsewhere to work．”由此可见，本题选C。 -
第9题：
We first think of the traditional or nuclear family．This is a two-generation family,the father and the mother and their own children．Most couples wanted to have four children,two boys,two girls.
Some nuclear families,however,may add one or more grandparents to come to live with them,that is three generations．This kind of family with grandparents,parents,and grandchildren is called an extended family．This family type was not very common during the later half of the twentieth century,but it's becoming more common now as an elderly grandparent moves in to live with a son or daughter．This is more possible now that American homes have become larger．What is interesting,however,is that after the grandchildren move out of the home and start their own families,this extended family shrinks back to a nuclear family,with just two generations again living together,a grandparent and parents,with the grandchildren coming only for occasional visits．
Now,the fatherless or motherless family is one kind of what we call a single-parent family．In the fatherless family it's just the mother and her children．As I said,this can be the result of the husband's death,of an unmarried mother,of a separation or divorce．There are also a growing number of motherless families--where the father raises the children,for any of the same reasons．A motherless family may also be fatherless,but still a family with one adult．This is becoming more common in the big cities where a grandmother will raise her daughter's children while the daughter goes elsewhere to work.
One other new kind of family is becoming increasingly more common．A single parent with one or more children will marry again．Perhaps the other parent is also a single parent．Together they will start what is called a blended family,which blends together or combines the children from two other families.
Which of the following is the best title of this passage?A.Famil
B.American Familie
C.Family Type
D.Four Family Types in Americ答案：D解析：全文讲了四种不同类型的家庭：两代人的家庭、三代人的家庭、单亲家庭和再婚家庭。 -
第10题：
共用题干
Generation Gap A few years ago,it was fashionable to speak of a generation gap,a division between young people and their elders.Parents complained that children did not show them proper respect and obedience,while children complained that their parents did not understand them at all.
What had gone wrong?Why had the generation gap suddenly appeared?Actually,the generation gap has been around for a long time.Many critics argue that it is built into the fabric of our society.
One important cause of the generation gap is the opportunity that young people have to choose their own life styles.In more traditional societies,when children grow up,they are expected to live in the same area as their parents,to marry people that their parents know and approve of, and often to continue the family occupation.
In our society,young people often travel great distances for their education,most out of the family home at an early age,marry or live or choose occupations different from those of their parents. In our upwardly mobile society,parents often expect their children to do better than they did:to find better jobs,to make more money,and to do all the things that they were unable to do.
Often,however,the ambitions that parents have for their children are another cause of the division between them.Often they dis-cover that they have very little in common with each other. Finally,the speed at which changes take place in our society is another cause of thie gap between the generations.In a traditional culture,elderly people are valued for their wisdom,but in our society the knowledge of a lifetime may become obsolete overnight.
The young and the old seem to live in two very different worlds,separated by different skills and abilities, No doubt,the generation gap will continue to be a feature of American life for some time to come.Its causes are rooted in the freedoms and opportunities of our society,and in the rapid pace at which society changes.Which one is NOT the cause of the generation gap?
A:Young people like to choose their own life styles.
B:American society is changing very fast.
C:Parents place high hopes on their children.
D:Modern education makes them think differently.答案：D解析：文章第一段主要讲述了美国社会中所存在的代沟问题：父母抱怨孩子们不够尊敬和服从他们；孩子们抱怨父母不理解他们。实际上，该问题已经存在了很长一段时间。评论家认为代沟已经成为美国社会结构的一部分。由此可见，代沟是美国的一种特征。因此B为正确答案。
由文章第一段倒数第二句话可知，代沟问题已经存在了很长时间。around在此处意思是“存在”，与in existence（存在）意思相近。因此D为正确答案。
文章从三方面讲述了代沟形成的原因。由第二段第一句话可知，形成代沟的一个重要原因是年轻人必须选择自己的生活方式；由第三段第一句话可知，父母对孩子期望过高也是代沟形成的一个原因；由第四段第一句话可知，社会的快速变化也是导致代沟形成的原因。而文中并未提到现代教育使得孩子与父母想法不同的问题。因此D为正确答案。
由文章第三段最后一句话可知，父母和孩子会发现彼此之间几乎没有相似之处。因此D为正确答案。
文章主要讲的是美国社会中所存在的代沟问题及其形成的原因，并没有提到如何解决这一问题，因此排除A.B选项；而D项（美国社会应该避免代沟问题）文中也未提及.由文章第三段可知，父母对孩子期望过高也是形成代沟的原因。因此C为正确答案。 -
第11题：
共用题干
The Family
The structure of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the same society.
The family's form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences.Until recently, the most common form in North America was the nuclear family,consisting of a married couple with their minor children.The nuclear family is an independent unit.It must be prepared to fend for itself. Individual family members strongly depend on one another. There is little help from outside the family in emergencies.Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are cared for only if it is possible for the family to do so.In North America,the elderly often do not live with the family;they live in retirement communities and nursing homes.
There are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial societies,such as North
America,and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits,who live in harsh environments.
The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility. In harsh conditions,mobility allows the family to hunt for food.For North Americans,the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility.
The nuclear family was not always the North American standard.In a more agrarian time,the small nuclear family was usually part of a larger extended family.This might have included grandparents,mother and father,brothers and sisters,uncles,aunts,and cousins.In North America today,there is a dramatic rise in the number of single-parent households.Twice as many households in the United States are headed by divorced, separated,or never-married individuals as are comprised of nuclear families. The structure of the family,not just in North America,but throughout the world,continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions.According to the passage,which is the definition of a nuclear family?
A:.A nuclear family is a married couple with their minor children.
B: A nuclear family is a single father with minor children.
C: A nuclear family concludes parents,grandparents,and children.
D: A nuclear family concludes parents,children,and aunts and uncles.答案：A解析：主旨题。题干意为“下面哪个选项可以作为这篇短文另一个合适的标题？”。短文开篇就提到了家庭结构，短文最后一句意为“不仅在北美洲，在全世界范围，家庭结构都会随着情况的不断变化而改变。”由此可见这篇短文的主题与家庭结构相关，由此可以进一步确认答案为A“家庭的结构是什么”。
细节题。题干意为“根据文章，哪个是核心家庭的定义？”。第一段的第三句话对于核心家庭进行了定义Until recently , the most common form in North American was the nu-clear family , consisting of a married couple with their minor children.该句意为“直到最近，北美洲最普遍的家庭形式为核心家庭，由一对夫妇和他们未成年的孩子构成”。由此可知A“核心家庭是由一对夫妇和他们未成年的孩子构成的家庭”是答案。
主旨题。题干意为“这篇文章最有可能出自哪里？”。该短文主题涉及家庭，因此最有可能出自人类学课本，所以A是正确的答案。
题干意为“第一段主要以何种方式陈述的？”根据第一段的陈述方式，并没有列出数据或者讲故事，而是通过描述共性而阐述出核心家庭的概念。因此C“指出相似性”是正确的答案。
题干意为“mobility是什么意思？”mobility是mobile“可移动的，机动的”的名词形式。首先在短文中找到mobility存在的语境：第二段中“The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility…the hunt for jobs and improved social status also re-quires mobility. ”mobility所在的上下文意为“核心家庭结构良好地适应于……的生活。在恶劣的条件下，……能让一个家庭吃饱饭，时北美洲人来说，找工作和提高社会地位同样需要……”四个选项中，A意为“钱”,B意为“随时准备迁居”，C意为“组织，机构”,D意为“技能，技巧”，显然B“随时准备迁居”填入mobility所在的语境中合适，因此答案为B。 -
第12题：
单选题One of the biggest threats to a company’s productivity is absenteeism. Studies have shown that companieswith in-house childcare programs see fewer absences among their employees who are parents than companies without such programs. Therefore, many companies could boost their productivity by starting in-house childcare programs. Which of the following, if true, most weakens the above argument?ACompanies that reimburse outside childcare programs actually see less absenteeism among working parents than companies within·house programs.
BIn-house childcare programs create distractions for nonparents that cart harm their productivity.
CAbsenteeism is not a serious problem for companies that impose harsh penalties on employees who miss work.
DStudies have shown that employees with children are more likely than those without children to remain in the same job for more than five years.
EPotential employees generally view companies with in-house childcare programs as more desirable places to work than companies without such programs.
正确答案： E解析：
推断中提到，育儿项目帮助有孩子的家长解决了后顾之忧，提高了生产率，B项提出了育儿项目的缺点，这些缺点会使公司生产率降低，故本题选B项。 -
第13题：
EXTENDED FAMILY In an extended family, all the people share one household. Apart from parents and children, there may be other family members grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, etc. That is to say, a large family may have more than two generations, and often there are more than two adults from different generations of a family. The family members live together for many reasons. They may help to bring up children or to take care of an ill relative. They may also help with saving money. Sometimes children are brought up by their grandparents, for their parents have died or can never take care of them. Many grandparents look after the children,particularly when both parents are busy working. This large family is called extended family. It can be found all over the world. The number of these families has increased by 40 percent in the past ten years. Most of such families live happily together.
1. In an extended family, people live in different houses.()
2. An extend family includes at least three generations.()
3.In an extended family, children are looked after by their grandparents because their parents are traveling around.()
4. Extended families can be found all over the world.()
5. Children can live happily with their parents and grandparents.()
参考答案：1：F; 2：T; 3：F; 4：T; 5：T
-
第14题：
The nuclear family ____ two parents (mother and father) and their children.
A: consists of
B: consist of
C: is consisted of
D: consists
参考答案：A
-
第15题：
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Latchkey children feel free at home.
B. Working parents often leave their children alone at home.
C. Many parents do not admit that they leave their children alone.
D. Latchkey children have to learn to take care of themselves.
正确答案：A45．答案为A 根据第三段和最后一段得知钥匙儿童独自在家，感到的不是自由，而是恐惧。
-
第16题：
Families have also（ ）changes these years.More families consist of one‐parent households or two working parents;consequently,children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family structure.A.survived
B.noticed
C.undertaken
D.experienced答案：D解析：上下文意为families自身也变化了。A.survived changes“经历了变化后生存了下来”。B.noticed changes“注意到了变化”。C.undertaken“保证；着手；进行”，是理性地决策后做事的意思，而change往往是自身动作，因此undertaken就不太好与change连用了。利用排除法可选[D]。 -
第17题：
共用题干
American Families
1 Despite social and economic differences among Americans,many American families have certain characteristics in common.Both the husband and wife were born in the United States,and their forefathers came from Europe.They have completed high school,and they belong to the middle class.They have a car, a television set,a washing machine,a refrigerator,a telephone,etc.They own their own home and spend about 55%of their income for housing and food.Clothing accounts for almost 10%of their income,medical care 6%,transportation 8%and taxes 15%.The rest of their income is used for such items as insurance, savings,gifts,and recreation.
2 Most families consist of a mother,a father,and,at most,two children living at home.There may be relatives-grandparents,aunts,uncles,cousins living in the same community,but American families usually maintain separate households.This family structure is known as the"nuclear family".It is unusual. for members of the family other than the husband,wife,and children to live together.
3 Marriage in the United States is considered a matte,r of individual responsibility and decision.Young people frequently fall in love and many even if their parents disagree.American marriages are usually based on romantic love,rather than on social class,education,or religion.
4 After their marriage the young couple is free to decide where to live and when to start a family.Most young couples set up their own household immediately.In the early 1970s only 15%of all married couples were not living on their own-independently and by themselves.Most married people practise some kind of birth control.They plan the number of children they are going to have and when their children will be born. The practice of limiting the size of families has general approval.The birth rate has been declining steadily in recent years.The birth rate over the last few years______.
A:live with their parents
B:their own decisions
C:most American families are usually small
D:the family structure
E:some similar features
F:has been dropping答案：F解析：第一段的主旨句是第一句：" Despite social and economic differences among Americans,many American families have certain characteristics in common." D项中的“features”是主旨句中" characteristics”的同义转换。
第二段主要讲的是美国家庭是由哪些成员组成的，即常见的美国家庭的结构。
第三段第一句是主旨句，根据其中的“Marriage”把答案圈定在A.玖F三项，又由第三段最后一句可知，美国婚姻基于真爱而非基于社会阶级、教育和宗教，排除F项。本段主要讲的是婚姻观念而非婚姻生活，因此选择E项。
第四段的主旨句是第一句，主要讲的是美国年轻夫妻的婚后生活。A项中的“post-marriage"甲是第四段第一句中“After their marriage”的同义转换。
根据第一段第一句可知，美国很多家庭都有一定的相似之处。E项中的“some similarfeatures”是第一段第一句中“certain characteristics in common”的同义转换。
根据第三段第一句“Marriage in the United States is considered a matter of individualresponsibility and decision.”可知，美国年轻人自己负责和决定他们的婚姻。B项中的“theirown decisions”是第三段第一句中“individual responsibility and decision”的同义转换。
根据第四段第二句“Most young couples set up their own household immediatily.”可知，许多年轻人在婚后立即建立自己的家庭，不再与他们的父母住在一起。
根据第四段最后一句“The birth rate has been declining steadily in recent years.”可知，出生率近年来持续下降。F项中的“dropping”是对第四段最后一句中“declining”的同义改写。 -
第18题：
共用题干
American Families
1 Despite social and economic differences among Americans,many American families have certain characteristics in common.Both the husband and wife were born in the United States,and their forefathers came from Europe.They have completed high school,and they belong to the middle class.They have a car, a television set,a washing machine,a refrigerator,a telephone,etc.They own their own home and spend about 55%of their income for housing and food.Clothing accounts for almost 10%of their income,medical care 6%,transportation 8%and taxes 15%.The rest of their income is used for such items as insurance, savings,gifts,and recreation.
2 Most families consist of a mother,a father,and,at most,two children living at home.There may be relatives-grandparents,aunts,uncles,cousins living in the same community,but American families usually maintain separate households.This family structure is known as the"nuclear family".It is unusual. for members of the family other than the husband,wife,and children to live together.
3 Marriage in the United States is considered a matte,r of individual responsibility and decision.Young people frequently fall in love and many even if their parents disagree.American marriages are usually based on romantic love,rather than on social class,education,or religion.
4 After their marriage the young couple is free to decide where to live and when to start a family.Most young couples set up their own household immediately.In the early 1970s only 15%of all married couples were not living on their own-independently and by themselves.Most married people practise some kind of birth control.They plan the number of children they are going to have and when their children will be born. The practice of limiting the size of families has general approval.The birth rate has been declining steadily in recent years.There are among many American families______.
A:live with their parents
B:their own decisions
C:most American families are usually small
D:the family structure
E:some similar features
F:has been dropping答案：E解析：第一段的主旨句是第一句：" Despite social and economic differences among Americans,many American families have certain characteristics in common." D项中的“features”是主旨句中" characteristics”的同义转换。
第二段主要讲的是美国家庭是由哪些成员组成的，即常见的美国家庭的结构。
第三段第一句是主旨句，根据其中的“Marriage”把答案圈定在A.玖F三项，又由第三段最后一句可知，美国婚姻基于真爱而非基于社会阶级、教育和宗教，排除F项。本段主要讲的是婚姻观念而非婚姻生活，因此选择E项。
第四段的主旨句是第一句，主要讲的是美国年轻夫妻的婚后生活。A项中的“post-marriage"甲是第四段第一句中“After their marriage”的同义转换。
根据第一段第一句可知，美国很多家庭都有一定的相似之处。E项中的“some similarfeatures”是第一段第一句中“certain characteristics in common”的同义转换。
根据第三段第一句“Marriage in the United States is considered a matter of individualresponsibility and decision.”可知，美国年轻人自己负责和决定他们的婚姻。B项中的“theirown decisions”是第三段第一句中“individual responsibility and decision”的同义转换。
根据第四段第二句“Most young couples set up their own household immediatily.”可知，许多年轻人在婚后立即建立自己的家庭，不再与他们的父母住在一起。
根据第四段最后一句“The birth rate has been declining steadily in recent years.”可知，出生率近年来持续下降。F项中的“dropping”是对第四段最后一句中“declining”的同义改写。 -
第19题：
We first think of the traditional or nuclear family．This is a two-generation family,the father and the mother and their own children．Most couples wanted to have four children,two boys,two girls.
Some nuclear families,however,may add one or more grandparents to come to live with them,that is three generations．This kind of family with grandparents,parents,and grandchildren is called an extended family．This family type was not very common during the later half of the twentieth century,but it's becoming more common now as an elderly grandparent moves in to live with a son or daughter．This is more possible now that American homes have become larger．What is interesting,however,is that after the grandchildren move out of the home and start their own families,this extended family shrinks back to a nuclear family,with just two generations again living together,a grandparent and parents,with the grandchildren coming only for occasional visits．
Now,the fatherless or motherless family is one kind of what we call a single-parent family．In the fatherless family it's just the mother and her children．As I said,this can be the result of the husband's death,of an unmarried mother,of a separation or divorce．There are also a growing number of motherless families--where the father raises the children,for any of the same reasons．A motherless family may also be fatherless,but still a family with one adult．This is becoming more common in the big cities where a grandmother will raise her daughter's children while the daughter goes elsewhere to work.
One other new kind of family is becoming increasingly more common．A single parent with one or more children will marry again．Perhaps the other parent is also a single parent．Together they will start what is called a blended family,which blends together or combines the children from two other families.
How is a blended family formed?A.A blended family is formed by two single-parent familie
B.A blended family is formed by a nuclear family and a grandparen
C.A blended family is formed by a nuclear family and grandparent
D.A blended family is formed by two fatherless familie答案：A解析：由第四自然段可知。 -
第20题：
We first think of the traditional or nuclear family．This is a two-generation family,the father and the mother and their own children．Most couples wanted to have four children,two boys,two girls.
Some nuclear families,however,may add one or more grandparents to come to live with them,that is three generations．This kind of family with grandparents,parents,and grandchildren is called an extended family．This family type was not very common during the later half of the twentieth century,but it's becoming more common now as an elderly grandparent moves in to live with a son or daughter．This is more possible now that American homes have become larger．What is interesting,however,is that after the grandchildren move out of the home and start their own families,this extended family shrinks back to a nuclear family,with just two generations again living together,a grandparent and parents,with the grandchildren coming only for occasional visits．
Now,the fatherless or motherless family is one kind of what we call a single-parent family．In the fatherless family it's just the mother and her children．As I said,this can be the result of the husband's death,of an unmarried mother,of a separation or divorce．There are also a growing number of motherless families--where the father raises the children,for any of the same reasons．A motherless family may also be fatherless,but still a family with one adult．This is becoming more common in the big cities where a grandmother will raise her daughter's children while the daughter goes elsewhere to work.
One other new kind of family is becoming increasingly more common．A single parent with one or more children will marry again．Perhaps the other parent is also a single parent．Together they will start what is called a blended family,which blends together or combines the children from two other families.
What is true to the fact in America?A.There are more and more members in a famil
B.There are less and less members in a famil
C.There is an increasing number of grandparents who refuse to look after their grandchildre
D.There is an increasing number of grandparents who live separately from their childre答案：A解析：由第二自然段中句子“This is more possible now that American homes have become Larger”可知，A正确。 -
第21题：
共用题干
第三篇
Generation Gap
A few years ago,it was fashionable to speak of a generation gap,a division between young people and
their elders.Parents complained that children did not show them proper respect and obedience,while children
complained that their parents did not understand them at all.What had gone wrong?Why had the generation
gap suddenly appeared?Actually,the generation gap has been around for a long time.Many critics argue
that it is built into the fabric of our society.
One important cause of the generation gap is the opportunity that young people have to choose their own
life styles.In more traditional societies,when children grow up,they are expected to live in the same area
as their parents,to marry people that their parents know and approve of,and often to continue the family occupation.
In our society,young people often travel great distances for their education,most out of the family home at
an early age,marry or live or choose occupations different from those of their parents.
In our upwardly mobile society,parents often expect their children to do better than they did: to find
better jobs,to make more money,and to do all the things that they were unable to do.Often,however,the
ambitions that parents have for their children are another cause of the division between them.Often they dis-
cover that they have very little in common with each other.
Finally,the speed at which changes take place in our society is another cause of the gap between the
generations.In a traditional culture,elderly people are valued for their wisdom,but in our society the
knowledge of a lifetime may become obsolete overnight.
The young and the old seem to live in two very different worlds,separated by different skills and abilities.
No doubt,the generation gap will continue to be a feature of American life for some time to come.Its causes
are rooted in the freedoms and opportunities of our society,and in the rapid pace at which society changes.In American society,young people often________.
A:rely on their parents to make a living
B:stay with their parents in order to get an opportunity for higher education
C:seek the best advice fromn their parents
D:have very little in common with their parents答案：D解析：由文章第一段最后一句话“Many critics argue that it is built into the fabric of our society", 可知很多评论家认为代沟问题是美国社会的组成部分。故选B。
around的意思是“围绕；在……附近”，在文章中是指代沟问题已经存在了一段时间，故选D。
文章中提到三个原因。由第二段第一句话，可知选项A年轻人喜欢选择他们自己的生活方式是代沟形成的原囚之一。由文章第三段第一句话，可知选项C父母对子女的高期望也是代沟形成的原因之一。由文章第四段第一句话，可知选项B美国社会的快速发展是代沟形成的原因之一。故选D。
由文章倒数第二段“The young and the old seeni to live in two very different worlds, separa-ted by different skills and abilities"，可知年轻人和老年人由于技术和能力的不同被分隔在两个不同的世界里。故选D。
文章中没有提到代沟问题该如何解决，仅仅提到代沟形成的原因，所以可以排除A、B、 D。 C项说代沟问题在某种程度上说是由老一代造成的，是正确的。 -
第22题：
共用题干
第三篇
Generation Gap
A few years ago,it was fashionable to speak of a generation gap,a division between young people and
their elders.Parents complained that children did not show them proper respect and obedience,while children
complained that their parents did not understand them at all.What had gone wrong?Why had the generation
gap suddenly appeared?Actually,the generation gap has been around for a long time.Many critics argue
that it is built into the fabric of our society.
One important cause of the generation gap is the opportunity that young people have to choose their own
life styles.In more traditional societies,when children grow up,they are expected to live in the same area
as their parents,to marry people that their parents know and approve of,and often to continue the family occupation.
In our society,young people often travel great distances for their education,most out of the family home at
an early age,marry or live or choose occupations different from those of their parents.
In our upwardly mobile society,parents often expect their children to do better than they did: to find
better jobs,to make more money,and to do all the things that they were unable to do.Often,however,the
ambitions that parents have for their children are another cause of the division between them.Often they dis-
cover that they have very little in common with each other.
Finally,the speed at which changes take place in our society is another cause of the gap between the
generations.In a traditional culture,elderly people are valued for their wisdom,but in our society the
knowledge of a lifetime may become obsolete overnight.
The young and the old seem to live in two very different worlds,separated by different skills and abilities.
No doubt,the generation gap will continue to be a feature of American life for some time to come.Its causes
are rooted in the freedoms and opportunities of our society,and in the rapid pace at which society changes.The word"around"in paragraph one means________.
A:on all sides
B:in every direction
C:near
D:in existence答案：D解析：由文章第一段最后一句话“Many critics argue that it is built into the fabric of our society", 可知很多评论家认为代沟问题是美国社会的组成部分。故选B。
around的意思是“围绕；在……附近”，在文章中是指代沟问题已经存在了一段时间，故选D。
文章中提到三个原因。由第二段第一句话，可知选项A年轻人喜欢选择他们自己的生活方式是代沟形成的原囚之一。由文章第三段第一句话，可知选项C父母对子女的高期望也是代沟形成的原因之一。由文章第四段第一句话，可知选项B美国社会的快速发展是代沟形成的原因之一。故选D。
由文章倒数第二段“The young and the old seeni to live in two very different worlds, separa-ted by different skills and abilities"，可知年轻人和老年人由于技术和能力的不同被分隔在两个不同的世界里。故选D。
文章中没有提到代沟问题该如何解决，仅仅提到代沟形成的原因，所以可以排除A、B、 D。 C项说代沟问题在某种程度上说是由老一代造成的，是正确的。 -
第23题：
问答题Many people feel that the perfect family is one which is always harmonious;however, psychologists tells us that the ability to make up after having an 1．____argument is far more important to the health of a family than the ability toavoid arguments entirely. Some families even have frequent loud argumentsin that members of the family mutually offend each other. Such situations 2．____are very common among siblings who are of approximately the same ages. But the important thing is not that one family member is offended the conduct 3．____of another and gets angry. As long the two family members do not neglect to 4．____solve their problem and apologize for their offenses, the family relationshipmay be strengthened by the incident. Therefore, parent who are bringing 5．____up children should not be too upset when they fight and should just begrateful when they make up. They should remembered that it is easy 6．____for people .who are only acquaintances and live apart to avoid problems 7．____in their relationships. However, the present of love and affection within 8．____a family often leading to emotional arguments. Therefore, parents should 9．____not feel obligated to stop each the fight between their children before it starts.10．____正确答案： 1.tells→tell 句子的主语为复数形式的psychologists,谓语动词应用tell,而非第三人称单数形式。
2.that→which 这一行前半句是定语从句,先行词为arguments,后面由介词in+关系代词引导,此时关系代词只能用which。in that一起使用时意为“因为”。
3.offended∧the→by 这句话是说“一个家庭成员被另一个家庭成员的行为所冒犯”,is offered为被动语态,引出动作的发出者用介词by,所以在offended后加by。
4.long∧the→as 表示“只要”用“as long as”。
5.parent→parents 根据下文,可知应该是父母双方,所以用复数名词patents。
6.remembered→remember should为情态动词,其后应接动词原形remember。
7.√
8.present→presence 句子的主语应为名词,或动名词。present作“呈现;展现”讲时,为动词,应变为名词形式presence。
9.leading→leads 句子的主语为“the presence of…”,句子的谓语动词应为第三人称单数形式,所以将非谓语动词leading改为leads。
10. the 表示“每一次吵架”,fight前有each,应去掉表示特指的the。)解析： 暂无解析