The long‐awaited Hubble Space Telescope,due（ ）orbit the Earth next March,will observe some of the oldest stars in the sky. to
题目
The long‐awaited Hubble Space Telescope,due（ ）orbit the Earth next March,will observe some of the oldest stars in the sky.
to
to
相似考题
更多“The long‐awaited Hubble Space Telescope,due（ ）orbit the Earth next March,will observe some of the oldest stars in the sky. ”相关问题
-
第1题：
protective blanket 选择The atmosphere again acts our protective blanket on _____
[A] stars
[B] sun
[C] earth
[D] space
选C
act as“充当、起……作用”;act for“代表、代理”;act on“按照”。本句意为大气层起到保护伞的作用。 -
第2题：
Believe it or not，the day when you can go to the moon is coming soon．You can go into space (11) space shuttle．It (12) about three days for the shuttle to go from the earth to the moon． The shuttle flies a long way to a space station． You can stay there for a short rest and then it will (13) you to the moon．
Now you can jump out of the shuttle． But you mustn't take (14) your spacesuit，because it is very hot in the daytime and very cold at night on the moon． The moon is much smaller than the earth． Things are (15) 0n the moon than they are on the earth． You can jump high every time you take a step． You will find that it is never tiring to walk on the moon． You don't need to take an umbrella or a raincoat with you，(16) there is no rain on the moon You can hear (17) because there is no air on the moon． And there are no animals or(18) living things there．
The moon moves more slowly than the earth，so one day on the moon is as long as two weeks on the earth and one night is just as long as two weeks on the earth． What could you do in (19 )long days and nights and in a silent world?' Now scientists are trying to make the (20) 0f the moon． But our earth is really a far better place to live，as long as we take good care of it，
( )11．
A．on
B．in
C．by
D．with
正确答案：C
11.C【解析】构成"by+交通工具”结构，by space shuttle意为“乘航天飞机”。 -
第3题：
共用题干
So Many"Earths"
The Milky Way（银河）contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life.That's the finding of a new study.It draws on data that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope.
A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service.Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars.Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy.The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.
The authors of a study,published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars,with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun,may host a planet that could support life as we know it.Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's,but no more than twice that big.The planet also would have to orbit in a star's habitable zone.That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid.
The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them.The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate（推算） to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.
The estimate is rough,the authors admit.If applied to the solar system,it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars.Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past).Using tighter limits,the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world.These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.
Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number.It would mean,however,that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life.The Kepler space telescope has been in service for 15 years.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：C解析：第二段第一句表明，近来的机械故障使开普勒太空望远镜不再为我们服务，通篇并没有提到开普勒太空望远镜为我们服务了多少年，所以选择C项。
第二段最后一句表明，开普勒太空望远镜主要关注与地球有相似环境的星球，所以选择A项。
第三段第二句表明，可以让生命存在的星球的直径至少要和地球的直径一样大，但不会超过地球直径的两倍。由此不难推断出其应该不比地球小，所以选择B项。
第三段第三、四句表明，适合人类居住的星球必须与它所环绕的恒星有一个适于居住的距离，以保证星球表面的温度能够允许液态水的存在。地球不仅适合人类居住，而且还绕着太阳运行。由此可知，题干表述正确。
第四段第一句表明，该项新评估源于对超过4.2万颗星球的分析，而非源于对17万颗星球的分析，所以选择B项。
第五段第一句表明，研究人员承认这项评估是粗糙的，即不精确的，所以选择A项。
文章第一段指出，这次的调查结果是新的发现，但通篇文章并未提到这是对可能有生命存在的星球的首次研究。 -
第4题：
共用题干
Black Holes
Most scientists agree that black holes exist but are nearly impossible to locate.A black
hole in the universe is not a solid object,like a planet,but it is shaped like a sphere（球体）.
Astronomers（天文学家）think that at the center of a black hole there is a single point in
space with infinite（无限的）density（稠密）.This single point is called a singularity（奇点）.
If the singularity theory is correct,it means that when a massive star collapses,all the
material in it disappears into the singularity.The center of a black hole would not really be a
hole at all,but an infinitely dense point.Anything that crosses the black hole is pulled in by
its great gravity.
Although black holes do exist,they are difficult to observe.These are the reasons.
No light or anything else comes out of black holes.As a result,they are invisible to
a telescope.
In astronomical terms,black holes are truly tiny.For example,a black hole formed
by the collapse of a giant star would have an event horizon（视界）only 18 miles across.
The nearest black holes would be dozens of light years away from Earth.One light
year is about 6 trillion（万亿）miles. Even the most powerlul telescopes could not pick out
an object so small at such a great distance.
In 1994 the Hubble Space Telescope provided evidence that black holes exist.There
are still answers to be found,however,so black holes remain one of the mysteries of the
universe.The attraction of two large stars leads to gravity.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：C解析： -
第5题：
共用题干
So Many"Earths"
The Milky Way（银河）contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life.That's the finding of a new study.It draws on data that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope.
A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service.Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars.Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy.The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.
The authors of a study,published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars,with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun,may host a planet that could support life as we know it.Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's,but no more than twice that big.The planet also would have to orbit in a star's habitable zone.That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid.
The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them.The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate（推算） to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.
The estimate is rough,the authors admit.If applied to the solar system,it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars.Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past).Using tighter limits,the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world.These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.
Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number.It would mean,however,that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life.The main task of the Kepler space telescope is to find out planets with similar conditions to Earth's.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析：第二段第一句表明，近来的机械故障使开普勒太空望远镜不再为我们服务，通篇并没有提到开普勒太空望远镜为我们服务了多少年，所以选择C项。
第二段最后一句表明，开普勒太空望远镜主要关注与地球有相似环境的星球，所以选择A项。
第三段第二句表明，可以让生命存在的星球的直径至少要和地球的直径一样大，但不会超过地球直径的两倍。由此不难推断出其应该不比地球小，所以选择B项。
第三段第三、四句表明，适合人类居住的星球必须与它所环绕的恒星有一个适于居住的距离，以保证星球表面的温度能够允许液态水的存在。地球不仅适合人类居住，而且还绕着太阳运行。由此可知，题干表述正确。
第四段第一句表明，该项新评估源于对超过4.2万颗星球的分析，而非源于对17万颗星球的分析，所以选择B项。
第五段第一句表明，研究人员承认这项评估是粗糙的，即不精确的，所以选择A项。
文章第一段指出，这次的调查结果是新的发现，但通篇文章并未提到这是对可能有生命存在的星球的首次研究。 -
第6题：
共用题干
So Many"Earths"
The Milky Way（银河）contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life.That's the finding of a new study.It draws on data that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope.
A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service.Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars.Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy.The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.
The authors of a study,published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars,with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun,may host a planet that could support life as we know it.Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's,but no more than twice that big.The planet also would have to orbit in a star's habitable zone.That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid.
The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them.The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate（推算） to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.
The estimate is rough,the authors admit.If applied to the solar system,it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars.Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past).Using tighter limits,the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world.These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.
Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number.It would mean,however,that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life.The estimate of the number of planets that could support life is not very accurate.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析：第二段第一句表明，近来的机械故障使开普勒太空望远镜不再为我们服务，通篇并没有提到开普勒太空望远镜为我们服务了多少年，所以选择C项。
第二段最后一句表明，开普勒太空望远镜主要关注与地球有相似环境的星球，所以选择A项。
第三段第二句表明，可以让生命存在的星球的直径至少要和地球的直径一样大，但不会超过地球直径的两倍。由此不难推断出其应该不比地球小，所以选择B项。
第三段第三、四句表明，适合人类居住的星球必须与它所环绕的恒星有一个适于居住的距离，以保证星球表面的温度能够允许液态水的存在。地球不仅适合人类居住，而且还绕着太阳运行。由此可知，题干表述正确。
第四段第一句表明，该项新评估源于对超过4.2万颗星球的分析，而非源于对17万颗星球的分析，所以选择B项。
第五段第一句表明，研究人员承认这项评估是粗糙的，即不精确的，所以选择A项。
文章第一段指出，这次的调查结果是新的发现，但通篇文章并未提到这是对可能有生命存在的星球的首次研究。 -
第7题：
共用题干
Black Holes
Most scientists agree that black holes exist but are nearly impossible to locate.A black
hole in the universe is not a solid object,like a planet,but it is shaped like a sphere（球体）.
Astronomers（天文学家）think that at the center of a black hole there is a single point in
space with infinite（无限的）density（稠密）.This single point is called a singularity（奇点）.
If the singularity theory is correct,it means that when a massive star collapses,all the
material in it disappears into the singularity.The center of a black hole would not really be a
hole at all,but an infinitely dense point.Anything that crosses the black hole is pulled in by
its great gravity.
Although black holes do exist,they are difficult to observe.These are the reasons.
No light or anything else comes out of black holes.As a result,they are invisible to
a telescope.
In astronomical terms,black holes are truly tiny.For example,a black hole formed
by the collapse of a giant star would have an event horizon（视界）only 18 miles across.
The nearest black holes would be dozens of light years away from Earth.One light
year is about 6 trillion（万亿）miles. Even the most powerlul telescopes could not pick out
an object so small at such a great distance.
In 1994 the Hubble Space Telescope provided evidence that black holes exist.There
are still answers to be found,however,so black holes remain one of the mysteries of the
universe.Black holes exist but are difficult to observe.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析： -
第8题：
共用题干
第三篇
Small but Wise
On December 14,NASA blasted a small but mighty telescope into space.The telescope is called WISE
and is about as wide around as a trashcan.Don't let its small size fool you:WISE has a powerful digital
camera,and it will be taking pictures of some of the wildest objects in the known universe,including
asteroids,faint stars,blazing galaxies and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born.
"I'm very excited because we're going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven't seen be-
fore,"said Ned Wright,a scientist who directs the WISE project.
Since arriving in space,the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth,held by gravity in a polar orbit
(this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap).Its camera is pointed outward,away
from the Earth,and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutes.After six months
it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.
The pictures taken by WISE won't be like everyday digital photographs,however. WISE stands for
"Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer".As its name suggests,the WISE camera takes pictures of features
that give off infrared radiation.
Radiation is energy that travels as a wave.Visible light,including the familiar spectrum of light that be-
comes visible in a rainbow,is an example of radiation.When an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a
tree,for example,it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree.When these waves enter
the camera through the lens,they're processed by the camera,which then puts the image together.
Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light,so ordinary digital cameras don't see
them,and neither do the eyes of human beings.Although invisible to the eye,longer infrared radiation can
be detected as warmth by the skin.
That's a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes can't. Not everything in the
universe shows up in visible light.Asteroids,for example, are giant rocks that float through space一but they
absorb most of the light that reaches them.They don't reflect light,so they're difficult to see.But they do
give off infrared radiation,so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them.During
its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids.
Brown dwarfs are another kind of deep-space objects that will show up in WISE's pictures.These ob-
jects are "failed" stars一which means they are not massive enough to jump-start the same kind of reactions
that power stars such as the sun.Instead,brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down.They're so dim that
they're almost impossible to see with visible light,but in the infrared spectrum they glow.Which of the following statements about asteroids is NOT true?
A:The WISE telescope can catch and take pictures of them.
B:They do not reflect light that reaches them.
C:They float through space giving off visible light.
D:They are invisible to ordinary cameras.答案：C解析：由文章前两段内容可知，这个太空望远镜携带的数码相机可以拍到我们未知的宇宙里 的众多物体，它将使人类看到宇宙中的未知部分，故选C。
这个太空望远镜其实是个广视场红外线探测器（Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer)，它 能拍到产生红外线辐射的物体，故选B。
由文章第六段内容可知，红外线辐射波比可见光的波长更长，因此普通的相机和肉眼 都是看不到它们的，但是红外线波可由皮肤感知，故本题选D。
由文章第七段第二、三句“Not everything in the universe shows up in visible light.Asteroids , for example...”可知，不是所有的物体都是以可见光的形式被发现的，小行星就是一 例，它们发出红外线，太空望远镜WISE可以感测到，故选C。
由最后一段内容可知，棕矮星能够被WISE探测到，说明它们发射的光不是可见光，而 是红外线波，故选A。 -
第9题：
共用题干
第三篇
Small but Wise
On December 14,NASA blasted a small but mighty telescope into space.The telescope is called WISE
and is about as wide around as a trashcan.Don't let its small size fool you:WISE has a powerful digital
camera,and it will be taking pictures of some of the wildest objects in the known universe,including
asteroids,faint stars,blazing galaxies and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born.
"I'm very excited because we're going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven't seen be-
fore,"said Ned Wright,a scientist who directs the WISE project.
Since arriving in space,the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth,held by gravity in a polar orbit
(this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap).Its camera is pointed outward,away
from the Earth,and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutes.After six months
it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.
The pictures taken by WISE won't be like everyday digital photographs,however. WISE stands for
"Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer".As its name suggests,the WISE camera takes pictures of features
that give off infrared radiation.
Radiation is energy that travels as a wave.Visible light,including the familiar spectrum of light that be-
comes visible in a rainbow,is an example of radiation.When an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a
tree,for example,it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree.When these waves enter
the camera through the lens,they're processed by the camera,which then puts the image together.
Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light,so ordinary digital cameras don't see
them,and neither do the eyes of human beings.Although invisible to the eye,longer infrared radiation can
be detected as warmth by the skin.
That's a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes can't. Not everything in the
universe shows up in visible light.Asteroids,for example, are giant rocks that float through space一but they
absorb most of the light that reaches them.They don't reflect light,so they're difficult to see.But they do
give off infrared radiation,so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them.During
its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids.
Brown dwarfs are another kind of deep-space objects that will show up in WISE's pictures.These ob-
jects are "failed" stars一which means they are not massive enough to jump-start the same kind of reactions
that power stars such as the sun.Instead,brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down.They're so dim that
they're almost impossible to see with visible light,but in the infrared spectrum they glow.It is true that infrared radiation_________.
A:is not detectable to humans
B:looks brighter than visible light
C:is visible light reflected off an object
D:has longer waves than those of visible light答案：D解析：由文章前两段内容可知，这个太空望远镜携带的数码相机可以拍到我们未知的宇宙里 的众多物体，它将使人类看到宇宙中的未知部分，故选C。
这个太空望远镜其实是个广视场红外线探测器（Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer)，它 能拍到产生红外线辐射的物体，故选B。
由文章第六段内容可知，红外线辐射波比可见光的波长更长，因此普通的相机和肉眼 都是看不到它们的，但是红外线波可由皮肤感知，故本题选D。
由文章第七段第二、三句“Not everything in the universe shows up in visible light.Asteroids , for example...”可知，不是所有的物体都是以可见光的形式被发现的，小行星就是一 例，它们发出红外线，太空望远镜WISE可以感测到，故选C。
由最后一段内容可知，棕矮星能够被WISE探测到，说明它们发射的光不是可见光，而 是红外线波，故选A。 -
第10题：
共用题干
Early Ideas about the Universe
1 Early man got his ideas about the universe by looking at the stars as you do.He
observed carefully,and learned many things about the sun,the moon,and the stars.
2 Suppose you were asked to collect evidence about the sun as early man did.You might
go out morning after morning and see it come up in the east.Even on cloudy mornings,you
would observe that the darkness goes away and the world becomes light.You might not see
the sun but would be sure it is there,because you notice that the earth warms up.As you
continued,the sun climbs higher in the sky each day during part of the year. It stays in the
sky longer. The earth gets warmer. Things begin to grow. It is spring and then summer.
3 After a while the sun stays in the sky for shorter and shorter periods.Many plants begin
to die.Leaves fall.Winter comes.Year after year this is repeated and you cannot tell
exactly why it happens.But you realize that the sun seems to make the difference.
Primitive（原始的）man felt that since the sun was so powerful it must be a god. It may
seem silly to us now to worship（崇拜）a sun-god, but primitive man was right about the
importance of the sun to life on earth.
4 You have been told that the world is round.But suppose no one had ever taught you
that the world was like a huge ball.Would you have ever thought of it yourself?You cannot
see the curve（曲线）of the earth at once. You would have no idea of how big it was.
That's why early man believed that the earth was small and flat.Such ideas appeared from
the evidence they had.
5 If you watch the stars night after night,you will see them rise and set.As you look at
the sky,it is not difficult to imagine that you are in the center of a vast collection of twinkling
（闪烁）lights. Some early astronomers（天文学家）believed the sky was a crystal shell or
series of crystal shells,one inside the other. They believed this because that is what the
night sky looked like.For many centuries,men believed that the earth was the center of
the universe and that the sun,the moon,and the stars circled around it.Early man thought the earth was small and flat because_________.
A:he did not observe the sun carefully enough
B:he could not see its curve
C:the sun,the moon and the stars seemed to move around it
D:the earth circles around the sun
E:it looked like that at night
F:it has power over life on earth答案：B解析： -
第11题：
单选题Look! There are some birds ______ in the sky. They are very beautiful.Ato fly
Bfly
Cflying
Dflown
正确答案： D解析：
句意：看！天上有些鸟在飞。它们太美了。本题考查固定句型“there be＋sb./sth.+doing”，意为“有……正在做某事”，强调事情正在发生。由“Look!”可以推测，此处表达的是鸟正在飞，故C项为正确答案。 -
第12题：
问答题Practice 4 The furthest we have been is the Moon. If we want to travel into deep space, beyond our own backyard, the Solar System, we’ll need a new breed of spacecraft. It may be the oldest clich6 in town, but in the not too distant future science fiction will turn into science fact. The fantastic spaceships of sci-fi comic books and novels will no longer be a figment of our creative imagination; they may be the real vision of our future. Engineers and designers are already designing craft capable of propelling us beyond Earth’s orbit, the Moon and the planets. They’re designing interstellar spaceships capable of travel across the vast emptiness of deep space to distant stars and new planets in our unending quest to conquer and discover. Our Universe contains over a billion galaxies; star cities each with a hundred billion inhabitants. Around these stars must exist planets and perhaps life. The temptation to explore these new realms is too great. First things first-we’ll have to build either a giant orbiting launch platform, far bigger than the International Space Station (ISS), or a permanently manned lunar base to provide a springboard for the stars. Some planners feel we should limit ourselves to robotic probes, but others are firmly committed to sending humans. “There’s a debate right now about how to explore space,” says astronaut Bill Shepherd, destined to be the first five-aboard Commander of the ISS. “Humans or machines-I think they’re complementary.” The Human Problem Space is the most hostile environment we will ever explore. Even a single five-hour spacewalk requires months of training, and a vast technical backup to keep it safe. The astronauts and cosmonauts who live aboard the ISS will be there for only a few weeks or months; if we want to travel into deep space it could take years. First we’ll have to find out just how long the human body can survive in a weightless environment. In zero gravity, four pints of body fluid rush from the legs to the head where it stays for the duration of the mission. Astronauts often feel as if they have a permanent cold, and disorientation can become a major problem. In space there’s no physical sensation to let you know when you’re upside down and astronauts have to rely on visual clues from their surroundings. A few hours after reaching orbit, one in three of all astronauts will experience space sickness-a feeling rather like carsickness. And weightless conditions lead to calcium being leached from the bones, and problems with the astronauts’ immune systems. Trillions of rocky fragments-meteoroids-roam our Solar System at speeds of up to150, 000 miles an hour. A meteoroid no bigger than a grain of salt could pierce a spaceship window. Protection from the extreme hazards of space is going to need some clever technology. Space is also full of lethal radiation-X-rays, gamma rays and the high-speed particles called cosmic rays.正确答案： 参考译文
我们人类迄今所到过的最远的地方是月球。要想穿越地球的后院——太阳系,进入外层空间,我们需要一种新型的宇宙飞船。
“飞天”,也许是城里人老掉牙的传说。但在不久的将来,这些科幻小说中的故事将化为科学的事实。科幻连环图画杂志和小说中各式各样奇特怪异的宇宙飞船,将不再只是人类创造性的空想,它们有可能成为未来的真实景象。
工程师和设计者已在着手进行飞船的设计工作,这种飞船能将人类送离地球轨道,以及月球和九大行星以外的太空。他们正在设计能穿越浩瀚的外层空间,到达遥远恒星和带外行星的星际飞船,以助人类实现不断征服和揭开宇宙奥秘的追求。整个宇宙拥有十亿多个河外星系,一个河外星系就是一座星城,每座星城有“居民”上千亿颗。在这些恒星周围必定有行星存在,或许,还有生命存在。探索这些未知的领域实在太具吸引力了。
重要的事情先来。我们必须建造一座巨型的轨道发射台,其规模要远大于国际空间站,或者,建造一个长期驻人的月球基地,作为飞往周围恒星的“跳板”。一些设计者认为,我们应控制在机器探测的限度内,而其他设计者则坚决主张将人送入太空。“目前正在就如何探索太空的问题展开辩论,”宇航员比尔·谢泼德如是说。他被任命为国际空间站首任驻站指挥官。“人或机器——我认为两者是相辅相成的。”
人类的问题
太空是人类探索所进入的最恶劣的环境。即便是一趟5小时的太空行走,也需要数月的强化训练,以及庞大的技术支持来确保其安全。居住在国际空间站的美、苏宇航员将在太空中逗留几周或几个月;但假使我们想要进入太阳系外的外层空间,则需要呆上数年。首先,我们得确定人体在失重的情况下能坚持多久。在零重力的环境中,有将近4品脱的血液会从肢端涌至头部,并且,这种状况将一直持续到太空任务结束为止。宇航员常会有一种持久的寒冷感,搞不清方向将是他们遇到的最大问题。在太空中,你无法从生理上感知自己是倒立还是正立着,宇航员只能通过观察周围的环境据以作出推断。在进入轨道后的几小时内,三名宇航员中便会有一人出现宇宙病——一种类似晕车的感觉。同时,失重的环境会导致钙质从骨骼中流失,并引起宇航员免疫系统的紊乱。
无数岩石块,即流星体,以每小时15万英里的速度漫游在太阳系中。即便是盐粒大小的流星体也足以穿透宇宙飞船的船窗。为了避免太空中隐藏的巨大危险,我们需要一些先进奇巧的技术手段。同时,宇宙中充满了致命的射线——x射线、r射线,还有被称为宇宙射线的高速粒子束。解析： 暂无解析 -
第13题：
As scheduled, the communications satellite went into ________ round the earth.
[A] circle
[B] orbit
[C] path
[D] course
正确答案：B
-
第14题：
共用题干
So Many"Earths"
The Milky Way（银河）contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life.That's the finding of a new study.It draws on data that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope.
A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service.Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars.Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy.The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.
The authors of a study,published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars,with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun,may host a planet that could support life as we know it.Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's,but no more than twice that big.The planet also would have to orbit in a star's habitable zone.That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid.
The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them.The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate（推算） to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.
The estimate is rough,the authors admit.If applied to the solar system,it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars.Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past).Using tighter limits,the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world.These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.
Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number.It would mean,however,that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life.The planet that could support life might be a little bit smaller than the Earth.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：B解析：第二段第一句表明，近来的机械故障使开普勒太空望远镜不再为我们服务，通篇并没有提到开普勒太空望远镜为我们服务了多少年，所以选择C项。
第二段最后一句表明，开普勒太空望远镜主要关注与地球有相似环境的星球，所以选择A项。
第三段第二句表明，可以让生命存在的星球的直径至少要和地球的直径一样大，但不会超过地球直径的两倍。由此不难推断出其应该不比地球小，所以选择B项。
第三段第三、四句表明，适合人类居住的星球必须与它所环绕的恒星有一个适于居住的距离，以保证星球表面的温度能够允许液态水的存在。地球不仅适合人类居住，而且还绕着太阳运行。由此可知，题干表述正确。
第四段第一句表明，该项新评估源于对超过4.2万颗星球的分析，而非源于对17万颗星球的分析，所以选择B项。
第五段第一句表明，研究人员承认这项评估是粗糙的，即不精确的，所以选择A项。
文章第一段指出，这次的调查结果是新的发现，但通篇文章并未提到这是对可能有生命存在的星球的首次研究。 -
第15题：
共用题干
Black Holes
Most scientists agree that black holes exist but are nearly impossible to locate.A black
hole in the universe is not a solid object,like a planet,but it is shaped like a sphere（球体）.
Astronomers（天文学家）think that at the center of a black hole there is a single point in
space with infinite（无限的）density（稠密）.This single point is called a singularity（奇点）.
If the singularity theory is correct,it means that when a massive star collapses,all the
material in it disappears into the singularity.The center of a black hole would not really be a
hole at all,but an infinitely dense point.Anything that crosses the black hole is pulled in by
its great gravity.
Although black holes do exist,they are difficult to observe.These are the reasons.
No light or anything else comes out of black holes.As a result,they are invisible to
a telescope.
In astronomical terms,black holes are truly tiny.For example,a black hole formed
by the collapse of a giant star would have an event horizon（视界）only 18 miles across.
The nearest black holes would be dozens of light years away from Earth.One light
year is about 6 trillion（万亿）miles. Even the most powerlul telescopes could not pick out
an object so small at such a great distance.
In 1994 the Hubble Space Telescope provided evidence that black holes exist.There
are still answers to be found,however,so black holes remain one of the mysteries of the
universe.The nearest black holes are hundreds of light years away from us.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：B解析： -
第16题：
共用题干
So Many"Earths"
The Milky Way（银河）contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life.That's the finding of a new study.It draws on data that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope.
A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service.Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars.Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy.The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.
The authors of a study,published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars,with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun,may host a planet that could support life as we know it.Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's,but no more than twice that big.The planet also would have to orbit in a star's habitable zone.That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid.
The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them.The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate（推算） to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.
The estimate is rough,the authors admit.If applied to the solar system,it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars.Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past).Using tighter limits,the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world.These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.
Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number.It would mean,however,that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life.The new finding is based on a thorough study of 170,000 stars in the Milky Way.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：B解析：第二段第一句表明，近来的机械故障使开普勒太空望远镜不再为我们服务，通篇并没有提到开普勒太空望远镜为我们服务了多少年，所以选择C项。
第二段最后一句表明，开普勒太空望远镜主要关注与地球有相似环境的星球，所以选择A项。
第三段第二句表明，可以让生命存在的星球的直径至少要和地球的直径一样大，但不会超过地球直径的两倍。由此不难推断出其应该不比地球小，所以选择B项。
第三段第三、四句表明，适合人类居住的星球必须与它所环绕的恒星有一个适于居住的距离，以保证星球表面的温度能够允许液态水的存在。地球不仅适合人类居住，而且还绕着太阳运行。由此可知，题干表述正确。
第四段第一句表明，该项新评估源于对超过4.2万颗星球的分析，而非源于对17万颗星球的分析，所以选择B项。
第五段第一句表明，研究人员承认这项评估是粗糙的，即不精确的，所以选择A项。
文章第一段指出，这次的调查结果是新的发现，但通篇文章并未提到这是对可能有生命存在的星球的首次研究。 -
第17题：
共用题干
Black Holes
Most scientists agree that black holes exist but are nearly impossible to locate.A black
hole in the universe is not a solid object,like a planet,but it is shaped like a sphere（球体）.
Astronomers（天文学家）think that at the center of a black hole there is a single point in
space with infinite（无限的）density（稠密）.This single point is called a singularity（奇点）.
If the singularity theory is correct,it means that when a massive star collapses,all the
material in it disappears into the singularity.The center of a black hole would not really be a
hole at all,but an infinitely dense point.Anything that crosses the black hole is pulled in by
its great gravity.
Although black holes do exist,they are difficult to observe.These are the reasons.
No light or anything else comes out of black holes.As a result,they are invisible to
a telescope.
In astronomical terms,black holes are truly tiny.For example,a black hole formed
by the collapse of a giant star would have an event horizon（视界）only 18 miles across.
The nearest black holes would be dozens of light years away from Earth.One light
year is about 6 trillion（万亿）miles. Even the most powerlul telescopes could not pick out
an object so small at such a great distance.
In 1994 the Hubble Space Telescope provided evidence that black holes exist.There
are still answers to be found,however,so black holes remain one of the mysteries of the
universe.The Hubble Space Telescope helps scientists to understand the nature of the universe.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析： -
第18题：
共用题干
Black Holes
Most scientists agree that black holes exist but are nearly impossible to locate.A black
hole in the universe is not a solid object,like a planet,but it is shaped like a sphere（球体）.
Astronomers（天文学家）think that at the center of a black hole there is a single point in
space with infinite（无限的）density（稠密）.This single point is called a singularity（奇点）.
If the singularity theory is correct,it means that when a massive star collapses,all the
material in it disappears into the singularity.The center of a black hole would not really be a
hole at all,but an infinitely dense point.Anything that crosses the black hole is pulled in by
its great gravity.
Although black holes do exist,they are difficult to observe.These are the reasons.
No light or anything else comes out of black holes.As a result,they are invisible to
a telescope.
In astronomical terms,black holes are truly tiny.For example,a black hole formed
by the collapse of a giant star would have an event horizon（视界）only 18 miles across.
The nearest black holes would be dozens of light years away from Earth.One light
year is about 6 trillion（万亿）miles. Even the most powerlul telescopes could not pick out
an object so small at such a great distance.
In 1994 the Hubble Space Telescope provided evidence that black holes exist.There
are still answers to be found,however,so black holes remain one of the mysteries of the
universe.Black holes are part of space.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析： -
第19题：
共用题干
Will We Take Vacation in Spaces?
When Mike Kelly first set out to build his own private space-ferry service,he figured his bread-and-butter business would be lofting satellites into high-Earth orbit. Now he thinks he may have figured wrong.“People were always asking me when they could go,”says Kelly,who runs
Kelly Space TechnologT out of San Bernardino,Californi a.“I realized that real market is in space tourism.”
According to preliminary market surveys,there are 10,000 would-be-space-tourists willing to spend $1 million each to visit the final frontier. Space Adventure in Arlington,Virginia,has taken more than 1 30 deposits for a two-hour,$98,000 space tour tentatively(and somewhat dubiously)set to occur by 2005 .Gene Meyers of the Space Island Group says:“Space is the next exotic vacation spot.”
This may all sound great,but there are a few hurdles.Putting a simple satellite into orbit with no oxygen,life support or return trip necessary already costs an astronomical $22,000/kg.
And that doesn't include the cost of insuring rich and possibly litigious passenger. John Pike of the
Federation of American Scientists acerbically suggests that the entire group of entrepreneurs trying to corner the space tourism market have between them“just enough money to blow up one rocket.”The U .S.space agency has plenty of money but zero interest in making space less expensive for the little guys.So the little guys are racing to do what the government has failed to do:design a reusable launch system that's inexpensive,safe and reliable.Kelly Space's prototype looks like a plane that has sprouted rocket engines.Rotary Rocket in Redwood City,California,hasa booster with rotors make a helicopter-style return to Earth;Kistler Aerospace in Kirkland,Wash- ington,is piecing together its versions from old Soviet engines,shuttle-style thermal protection tiles and an elaborate parachute system.The first passenger countdowns are still years away,but bureaucrats at the Federal Aviation Administration in Washington are already informally discussing flight regulations.After all,you can't be too prepared for a trip to that galaxy far,far away.
For those who are intent on joining the 100-mile high club,Hilton and Budget are plotting to build space hotels.Before the Russian space Mir came down,some people were talking about using it as a low-rent space hotel to reduce the cost. If a space hotel is finally built in space,and if you're thinking of staying in it,you may want to check the Michelin ratings before booking yourself a suite.Some of the hurdles space tourism faces include a lack of oxygen and life support equipment.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned答案：B解析：第一段的第一句话是“…he figured his bread-and-butter business would be lofting satellites into high-Earth orbit.”理解此句子的关键是bread -and -butter，作为形容词，它的意思是“基本的，日常的”，而不是“面包与黄油”。由此可见，Mike Kelly的初衷并不是投身于太空旅行，所以题干的说法是错误的。
选A的依据是第一段最后一句话：“ I realized that real market is in space tourism.”这句话表明Kelly认识到真正的市场是太空旅行，作为一个商人，他理所当然会致力于开发真正的市场。
第二段第二句话是“Space Adventure in Arlington , Virginia , has taken more than 130 deposits for a two-hour,$98,000 space tour tentatively(and somewhat dubiously)set to occur by 2005.”句子的意思是，每人交了98,000美元的定金，而不是总共98,000，从这句话中可以看出历时两个小时的太空旅行计划在2005年，该旅行是试验性的，并且在一定程度上令人质疑。因此题干的说法是错误的。
文中没有提及与此相关的信息，文章只提及了太空旅行的相关情况及发展前景，并未提及在太空定居。
文章第三段讲的是太空旅行所面临的困难，但是并没有提及缺乏氧气和维持生命的设备，而主要是花稍太大，经费不足。
选A的依据是第三段该句话“So the little guys are racing to do what the government has failed to do : design a reusable launch system that is inexpensive , safe and reliable.”少数人在争相做政府未做成功的事情，即设计一套可以再度使用的廉价、安全、可靠的发射系统。
选A的依据是文章最后一句话“If a space hotel is finally built in space , and if you are thinking of staying in it,you may want to check the Michelin ratings before booking yourself a suite.”如果太空旅馆最终在太空建立，而你又正在考虑住在里边，在预定房间之前你或许想查看一下Michelin参数。 -
第20题：
共用题干
第三篇
Small but Wise
On December 14,NASA blasted a small but mighty telescope into space.The telescope is called WISE
and is about as wide around as a trashcan.Don't let its small size fool you:WISE has a powerful digital
camera,and it will be taking pictures of some of the wildest objects in the known universe,including
asteroids,faint stars,blazing galaxies and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born.
"I'm very excited because we're going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven't seen be-
fore,"said Ned Wright,a scientist who directs the WISE project.
Since arriving in space,the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth,held by gravity in a polar orbit
(this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap).Its camera is pointed outward,away
from the Earth,and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutes.After six months
it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.
The pictures taken by WISE won't be like everyday digital photographs,however. WISE stands for
"Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer".As its name suggests,the WISE camera takes pictures of features
that give off infrared radiation.
Radiation is energy that travels as a wave.Visible light,including the familiar spectrum of light that be-
comes visible in a rainbow,is an example of radiation.When an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a
tree,for example,it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree.When these waves enter
the camera through the lens,they're processed by the camera,which then puts the image together.
Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light,so ordinary digital cameras don't see
them,and neither do the eyes of human beings.Although invisible to the eye,longer infrared radiation can
be detected as warmth by the skin.
That's a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes can't. Not everything in the
universe shows up in visible light.Asteroids,for example, are giant rocks that float through space一but they
absorb most of the light that reaches them.They don't reflect light,so they're difficult to see.But they do
give off infrared radiation,so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them.During
its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids.
Brown dwarfs are another kind of deep-space objects that will show up in WISE's pictures.These ob-
jects are "failed" stars一which means they are not massive enough to jump-start the same kind of reactions
that power stars such as the sun.Instead,brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down.They're so dim that
they're almost impossible to see with visible light,but in the infrared spectrum they glow.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that brown dwarfs__________.
A:give off infrared radiation
B:are power stars like the sun
C:become massive and active
D:are invisible to the WISE telescope答案：A解析：由文章前两段内容可知，这个太空望远镜携带的数码相机可以拍到我们未知的宇宙里 的众多物体，它将使人类看到宇宙中的未知部分，故选C。
这个太空望远镜其实是个广视场红外线探测器（Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer)，它 能拍到产生红外线辐射的物体，故选B。
由文章第六段内容可知，红外线辐射波比可见光的波长更长，因此普通的相机和肉眼 都是看不到它们的，但是红外线波可由皮肤感知，故本题选D。
由文章第七段第二、三句“Not everything in the universe shows up in visible light.Asteroids , for example...”可知，不是所有的物体都是以可见光的形式被发现的，小行星就是一 例，它们发出红外线，太空望远镜WISE可以感测到，故选C。
由最后一段内容可知，棕矮星能够被WISE探测到，说明它们发射的光不是可见光，而 是红外线波，故选A。 -
第21题：
共用题干
第三篇
Small but Wise
On December 14,NASA blasted a small but mighty telescope into space.The telescope is called WISE
and is about as wide around as a trashcan.Don't let its small size fool you:WISE has a powerful digital
camera,and it will be taking pictures of some of the wildest objects in the known universe,including
asteroids,faint stars,blazing galaxies and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born.
"I'm very excited because we're going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven't seen be-
fore,"said Ned Wright,a scientist who directs the WISE project.
Since arriving in space,the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth,held by gravity in a polar orbit
(this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap).Its camera is pointed outward,away
from the Earth,and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutes.After six months
it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.
The pictures taken by WISE won't be like everyday digital photographs,however. WISE stands for
"Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer".As its name suggests,the WISE camera takes pictures of features
that give off infrared radiation.
Radiation is energy that travels as a wave.Visible light,including the familiar spectrum of light that be-
comes visible in a rainbow,is an example of radiation.When an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a
tree,for example,it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree.When these waves enter
the camera through the lens,they're processed by the camera,which then puts the image together.
Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light,so ordinary digital cameras don't see
them,and neither do the eyes of human beings.Although invisible to the eye,longer infrared radiation can
be detected as warmth by the skin.
That's a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes can't. Not everything in the
universe shows up in visible light.Asteroids,for example, are giant rocks that float through space一but they
absorb most of the light that reaches them.They don't reflect light,so they're difficult to see.But they do
give off infrared radiation,so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them.During
its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids.
Brown dwarfs are another kind of deep-space objects that will show up in WISE's pictures.These ob-
jects are "failed" stars一which means they are not massive enough to jump-start the same kind of reactions
that power stars such as the sun.Instead,brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down.They're so dim that
they're almost impossible to see with visible light,but in the infrared spectrum they glow.What is so special about WISE?
A:It is as small as a trashcan.
B:It is small in size but carries a large camera.
C:Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space.
D:Never before has a telescope carried a digital camera in space.答案：C解析：由文章前两段内容可知，这个太空望远镜携带的数码相机可以拍到我们未知的宇宙里 的众多物体，它将使人类看到宇宙中的未知部分，故选C。
这个太空望远镜其实是个广视场红外线探测器（Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer)，它 能拍到产生红外线辐射的物体，故选B。
由文章第六段内容可知，红外线辐射波比可见光的波长更长，因此普通的相机和肉眼 都是看不到它们的，但是红外线波可由皮肤感知，故本题选D。
由文章第七段第二、三句“Not everything in the universe shows up in visible light.Asteroids , for example...”可知，不是所有的物体都是以可见光的形式被发现的，小行星就是一 例，它们发出红外线，太空望远镜WISE可以感测到，故选C。
由最后一段内容可知，棕矮星能够被WISE探测到，说明它们发射的光不是可见光，而 是红外线波，故选A。 -
第22题：
共用题干
Early Ideas about the Universe
1 Early man got his ideas about the universe by looking at the stars as you do.He
observed carefully,and learned many things about the sun,the moon,and the stars.
2 Suppose you were asked to collect evidence about the sun as early man did.You might
go out morning after morning and see it come up in the east.Even on cloudy mornings,you
would observe that the darkness goes away and the world becomes light.You might not see
the sun but would be sure it is there,because you notice that the earth warms up.As you
continued,the sun climbs higher in the sky each day during part of the year. It stays in the
sky longer. The earth gets warmer. Things begin to grow. It is spring and then summer.
3 After a while the sun stays in the sky for shorter and shorter periods.Many plants begin
to die.Leaves fall.Winter comes.Year after year this is repeated and you cannot tell
exactly why it happens.But you realize that the sun seems to make the difference.
Primitive（原始的）man felt that since the sun was so powerful it must be a god. It may
seem silly to us now to worship（崇拜）a sun-god, but primitive man was right about the
importance of the sun to life on earth.
4 You have been told that the world is round.But suppose no one had ever taught you
that the world was like a huge ball.Would you have ever thought of it yourself?You cannot
see the curve（曲线）of the earth at once. You would have no idea of how big it was.
That's why early man believed that the earth was small and flat.Such ideas appeared from
the evidence they had.
5 If you watch the stars night after night,you will see them rise and set.As you look at
the sky,it is not difficult to imagine that you are in the center of a vast collection of twinkling
（闪烁）lights. Some early astronomers（天文学家）believed the sky was a crystal shell or
series of crystal shells,one inside the other. They believed this because that is what the
night sky looked like.For many centuries,men believed that the earth was the center of
the universe and that the sun,the moon,and the stars circled around it.Primitive man believed the sun was a god because_________.
A:he did not observe the sun carefully enough
B:he could not see its curve
C:the sun,the moon and the stars seemed to move around it
D:the earth circles around the sun
E:it looked like that at night
F:it has power over life on earth答案：F解析： -
第23题：
单选题ATrips to the moon.
BTrips in the moon’s orbit.
CTrips within the earth’s orbit.
DTrips to the Mars.
正确答案： A解析：
录音中男士提到“the first step will probably be suborbital trips. That’s staying within the earth’s orbit.”(第一步可能将是亚太空旅行，就是呆在地球的轨道内)，所以C项“地球轨道内的旅行”正确。