Artificial intelligence,or AI,is called artificial for a good reason.Facebook made that point last week by ending its attempt to rely heavily on software algorithms to select news items for its 2 billion users.It announced Jan.19 that the Facebook"communi

共用题干
Local Newspapers in Britain
1. Britain has a large circulation（发行量）of the national newspapers. The Daily Mirror and The Daily Express both sell about 4 million copies each day.On average,every family will buy one newspaper in the morning,and take two or three on Sundays.
2. Local newspapers are just as popular as the national ones in Britain.Local papers have a week-ly circulation of 13 million .Nearly every town and country area has its own paper,and almost ev-ery local paper is financially holding its own.Many local newspapers are earning good profits.
3. Local newspapers have their special characteristics.They mainly satisfy interest in local e-vents-births,weddings,deaths,council meetings,and sports.Editors often rely on a small staff of people who know the district well.Clubs and churches in the neighborhood regularly supply these papers with much local news.Local news does not get out of date as quickly as national news.If there is no room for it in this week's edition,a news item can be held over until the fol- lowing week.
4. The editor of a local newspaper never forgets that the success of any newspaper depends on ad-vertising.For this reason,he is keen to keep the good will of local businessmen.If the newspaper sells well with carefully chosen news items to attract local readers,the businessmen will be grateful to the paper for the opportunity of keeping their products in the public eye.
5. Local newspapers seldom comment on problems of national importance,and editors rarely take sides on political questions.But they can often provide service to the community in expressing public feeling on local issues.A newspaper can sometimes persuade the council to take action to improve transport,provide better shopping facilities,and preserve local monuments and places of interest.

Paragraph 3______
A: Keeping Good Relations with Local Businessmen
B: Service Provided by Local Newspapers
C: Large Circulation of the National Newspapers
D: Special Features of Local Newspapers
E: Power of Local Newspapers
F: Popularity of Local Newspapers

Frankenstein's monster haunts discussions of the ethics of artificial intetligence:the fear is that scientists will create something that has purposes and even desires of its own and which will carry them out at the expense of human beings.This is a misleading picture because it suggests that there will be a moment at which the monster comes alive:the switch is thrown,the program run,and after that its human creators can do nothing more.In real life there will be no such singularity.Construction of AI and its deployment will be continuous processes,with humans involved and to some extent responsible at every step.This is what makes Google'-s declarations of ethical principles for its use of AI so significant,because it seems to be the result of a revolt among the company's programmers.The senior management at Google saw the supply of AI to the Pentagon as a goldmine,if only it could be kept from public knowledge."Avoid at all costs any mention or implication of Al,"wrole Google Cloud's chief scientist for AI in a memo."I don't know what would happen if the media starts picking up a theme that Google is building AI weapons or AI technologies to enable weapons for the Defense industry."That,of course,is exactly what the company had been doing.Google had been subcontracting for the Pentagon on Project Maven,which was meant to bring the benefits of AI to war-fighting.Then the media found out and more than 3,000 0f its own employees prote.sted.Only iwo things frighten the tech giants:onc i.s the stock market;the other is an organised workforce.The employees'agitation led to Google announcing six principles of ethical AI,among them that it will not make weapons systems.or technologies whose purpose,or use in surveillance,violates international principles of human rights.This still leaves a huge intentional exception:profiting from"non-lethal"defence technology.Obviously we cannot expect all companies,still less all programmers,to show this kind of ethical fine-tuning.Other companies will bid for Pentagon business:Google had to beat IBM,Amazon and Microsoft to gain the Maven contract.But in all these cases,the companies involved-which means the people who work for them-will be actively involved in maintaining,tweaking and improving the work.This opens an opportunity for consistent ethical pressure and for the attribution of responsibility to human beings and not to inanimate objects.Questions about the ethics of artificial intelligence are questions about the ethics of the people who make it and the purposes they put it to.It is not the monster,but the good Dr Frankenstein we need to worry about most.
The author suggests in the last paragraph that

A.companies should unite to boycott the Maven project.
B.the Pentagon should consider the bidders'morality.
C.AI creators should take responsibility for AI ethics.
D.Priority should be given to the development of AI

Artificial intelligence,or AI,is called artificial for a good reason.Facebook made that point last week by ending its attempt to rely heavily on software algorithms to select news items for its 2 billion users.It announced Jan.19 that the Facebook"community"will be asked to rank news outlets by their trustworthiness.This reader feedback will promote"high quality news that helps build a sense of common ground"in a world with"so much division,"said chief executive Mark Zuckerberg.The first surveys have started in the United States and will soon expand to other countries.The company plans to include the local news outlets of users in its surveys.Like many digital platforms that act as news providers,Facebook had great faith in a belief that programmed electrons in computer servers can discern qualities of thought such as trust,fairness,and honesty.Even in respected newsrooms,however,these traits of character require constant upkeep among journalists and feedback from paying customers.Good judgment on news relies on orders of consciousness beyond what a machine can do.Rather than move toward becoming a hands-on gatekeeper of news,Facebook now hopes its"diverse and representative"sampling of users can lead to a ranking of news outlets-and that would bring a measure of objectivity in its news feed.The company may be in the news business but it has chosen to outsource news credibility to the collective wisdom of individuals and their ability to distinguish truth from falsehood.By placing its trust in people as seekers of truth,Facebook could earn greater trust from its users.This is also a lesson for many companies,especially digital platforms or those in the media business.According to the latest survey of trust in institutions worldwide by Edelman communications firm,"media has become the least-trusted institution for the first time,"more so than other businesses or government.In particular,the US is"enduring an unprecedented crisis of trust"among many of its institutions,says Richard Edelman,president and CEO of Edelman."The root cause of this fall is the lack of objective facts and rational discourse,"he adds.Facebook's shift away from computer-driven news selection is a welcome step toward restoring trust in the overall business of news.This is not a new problem."Nothing can now be believed which is seen in a newspaper,"wrote Thomas Jefferson in 1807.Yet the Digital Age has forced the issue of trust for news providers.By inviting readers to participate in solving this problem,Facebook has itself set a new bar for earning trust.
According to Paragraph 4,Facebook hopes to

A.measure the objectivity of news feed on its own.
B.improve its ability to tell truth from falsehood.
C.shed off the responsibility of a news provider.
D.outsource news credibility to its massive users.

Artificial intelligence,or AI,is called artificial for a good reason.Facebook made that point last week by ending its attempt to rely heavily on software algorithms to select news items for its 2 billion users.It announced Jan.19 that the Facebook"community"will be asked to rank news outlets by their trustworthiness.This reader feedback will promote"high quality news that helps build a sense of common ground"in a world with"so much division,"said chief executive Mark Zuckerberg.The first surveys have started in the United States and will soon expand to other countries.The company plans to include the local news outlets of users in its surveys.Like many digital platforms that act as news providers,Facebook had great faith in a belief that programmed electrons in computer servers can discern qualities of thought such as trust,fairness,and honesty.Even in respected newsrooms,however,these traits of character require constant upkeep among journalists and feedback from paying customers.Good judgment on news relies on orders of consciousness beyond what a machine can do.Rather than move toward becoming a hands-on gatekeeper of news,Facebook now hopes its"diverse and representative"sampling of users can lead to a ranking of news outlets-and that would bring a measure of objectivity in its news feed.The company may be in the news business but it has chosen to outsource news credibility to the collective wisdom of individuals and their ability to distinguish truth from falsehood.By placing its trust in people as seekers of truth,Facebook could earn greater trust from its users.This is also a lesson for many companies,especially digital platforms or those in the media business.According to the latest survey of trust in institutions worldwide by Edelman communications firm,"media has become the least-trusted institution for the first time,"more so than other businesses or government.In particular,the US is"enduring an unprecedented crisis of trust"among many of its institutions,says Richard Edelman,president and CEO of Edelman."The root cause of this fall is the lack of objective facts and rational discourse,"he adds.Facebook's shift away from computer-driven news selection is a welcome step toward restoring trust in the overall business of news.This is not a new problem."Nothing can now be believed which is seen in a newspaper,"wrote Thomas Jefferson in 1807.Yet the Digital Age has forced the issue of trust for news providers.By inviting readers to participate in solving this problem,Facebook has itself set a new bar for earning trust.
The author holds that Facebook's shift is

A.a lesson for news providers on filtering news.
B.the cause of the trust crisis across business of news.
C.a step towarcl restoring users'trust in news business.
D.the result of lacking objective facts and rational discourse.

Frankenstein's monster haunts discussions of the ethics of artificial intetligence:the fear is that scientists will create something that has purposes and even desires of its own and which will carry them out at the expense of human beings.This is a misleading picture because it suggests that there will be a moment at which the monster comes alive:the switch is thrown,the program run,and after that its human creators can do nothing more.In real life there will be no such singularity.Construction of AI and its deployment will be continuous processes,with humans involved and to some extent responsible at every step.This is what makes Google'-s declarations of ethical principles for its use of AI so significant,because it seems to be the result of a revolt among the company's programmers.The senior management at Google saw the supply of AI to the Pentagon as a goldmine,if only it could be kept from public knowledge."Avoid at all costs any mention or implication of Al,"wrole Google Cloud's chief scientist for AI in a memo."I don't know what would happen if the media starts picking up a theme that Google is building AI weapons or AI technologies to enable weapons for the Defense industry."That,of course,is exactly what the company had been doing.Google had been subcontracting for the Pentagon on Project Maven,which was meant to bring the benefits of AI to war-fighting.Then the media found out and more than 3,000 0f its own employees prote.sted.Only iwo things frighten the tech giants:onc i.s the stock market;the other is an organised workforce.The employees'agitation led to Google announcing six principles of ethical AI,among them that it will not make weapons systems.or technologies whose purpose,or use in surveillance,violates international principles of human rights.This still leaves a huge intentional exception:profiting from"non-lethal"defence technology.Obviously we cannot expect all companies,still less all programmers,to show this kind of ethical fine-tuning.Other companies will bid for Pentagon business:Google had to beat IBM,Amazon and Microsoft to gain the Maven contract.But in all these cases,the companies involved-which means the people who work for them-will be actively involved in maintaining,tweaking and improving the work.This opens an opportunity for consistent ethical pressure and for the attribution of responsibility to human beings and not to inanimate objects.Questions about the ethics of artificial intelligence are questions about the ethics of the people who make it and the purposes they put it to.It is not the monster,but the good Dr Frankenstein we need to worry about most.
Google's declaration of ethical AI principles is mainly prompted by

A.its awareness of AI's significance to the Pentagon.
B.its senior management's desire for economic benefits.
C.its employees'protest against applying AI to warfare.
D.its eagerness to solve ethical problems concerning AI.

共用题干
Local Newspapers in Britain
1. Britain has a large circulation（发行量）of the national newspapers. The Daily Mirror and The Daily Express both sell about 4 million copies each day.On average,every family will buy one newspaper in the morning,and take two or three on Sundays.
2. Local newspapers are just as popular as the national ones in Britain.Local papers have a weekly circulation of 1 3 million.Nearly every town and country area has its own paper,and almost every local paper is financially holding its own.Many local newspapers are earning good profits.
3. Local newspapers have their special characteristics.They mainly satisfy interest in local events-births,weddings,deaths,council meetings,and sports.Editors often rely on a small staff of people who know the district well.Clubs and churches in the neighborhood regularly supply these papers with much local news.Local news does not get out of date as quickly as national news .If there is no room for it in this week's edition,a news item can be held over until the following week.
4. The editor of a local newspaper never forgets that the success of any newspaper depends on advertising.For this reason,he is keen to keep the good will of local businessmen.If the newspaper sells well with carefully chosen news items to attract local readers,the businessmen will be grateful to the paper for the opportunity of keeping their products in the public eye.
5. Local newspapers seldom comment on problems of national importance,and editors rarely take sides on political questions.But they can often provide service to the community in expressing public feeling on local issues.A newspaper can sometimes persuade the council to take action to improve transport,provide better shopping facilities,and preserve local monuments and places of interest.

Paragraph 2______
A: Keeping Good Relations with Local Businessmen
B: Service Provided by Local Newspapers
C: Large Circulation of the National Newspapers
D: Special Features of Local Newspapers
E: Power of Local Newspapers
F: Popularity of Local Newspapers

共用题干
Local Newspapers in Britain
1. Britain has a large circulation（发行量）of the national newspapers. The Daily Mirror and The Daily Express both sell about 4 million copies each day.On average,every family will buy one newspaper in the morning,and take two or three on Sundays.
2. Local newspapers are just as popular as the national ones in Britain.Local papers have a week-ly circulation of 13 million .Nearly every town and country area has its own paper,and almost ev-ery local paper is financially holding its own.Many local newspapers are earning good profits.
3. Local newspapers have their special characteristics.They mainly satisfy interest in local e-vents-births,weddings,deaths,council meetings,and sports.Editors often rely on a small staff of people who know the district well.Clubs and churches in the neighborhood regularly supply these papers with much local news.Local news does not get out of date as quickly as national news.If there is no room for it in this week's edition,a news item can be held over until the fol- lowing week.
4. The editor of a local newspaper never forgets that the success of any newspaper depends on ad-vertising.For this reason,he is keen to keep the good will of local businessmen.If the newspaper sells well with carefully chosen news items to attract local readers,the businessmen will be grateful to the paper for the opportunity of keeping their products in the public eye.
5. Local newspapers seldom comment on problems of national importance,and editors rarely take sides on political questions.But they can often provide service to the community in expressing public feeling on local issues.A newspaper can sometimes persuade the council to take action to improve transport,provide better shopping facilities,and preserve local monuments and places of interest.

British people have the habit of reading newspapers in the______.
A: a lot of money
B: British people
C: morning
D: local people
E: national issues
F: local issues

共用题干
Local Newspapers in Britain
1. Britain has a large circulation（发行量）of the national newspapers. The Daily Mirror and The Daily Express both sell about 4 million copies each day.On average,every family will buy one newspaper in the morning,and take two or three on Sundays.
2. Local newspapers are just as popular as the national ones in Britain.Local papers have a week-ly circulation of 13 million .Nearly every town and country area has its own paper,and almost ev-ery local paper is financially holding its own.Many local newspapers are earning good profits.
3. Local newspapers have their special characteristics.They mainly satisfy interest in local e-vents-births,weddings,deaths,council meetings,and sports.Editors often rely on a small staff of people who know the district well.Clubs and churches in the neighborhood regularly supply these papers with much local news.Local news does not get out of date as quickly as national news.If there is no room for it in this week's edition,a news item can be held over until the fol- lowing week.
4. The editor of a local newspaper never forgets that the success of any newspaper depends on ad-vertising.For this reason,he is keen to keep the good will of local businessmen.If the newspaper sells well with carefully chosen news items to attract local readers,the businessmen will be grateful to the paper for the opportunity of keeping their products in the public eye.
5. Local newspapers seldom comment on problems of national importance,and editors rarely take sides on political questions.But they can often provide service to the community in expressing public feeling on local issues.A newspaper can sometimes persuade the council to take action to improve transport,provide better shopping facilities,and preserve local monuments and places of interest.

Paragraph 2______
A: Keeping Good Relations with Local Businessmen
B: Service Provided by Local Newspapers
C: Large Circulation of the National Newspapers
D: Special Features of Local Newspapers
E: Power of Local Newspapers
F: Popularity of Local Newspapers

Artificial intelligence,or AI,is called artificial for a good reason.Facebook made that point last week by ending its attempt to rely heavily on software algorithms to select news items for its 2 billion users.It announced Jan.19 that the Facebook"community"will be asked to rank news outlets by their trustworthiness.This reader feedback will promote"high quality news that helps build a sense of common ground"in a world with"so much division,"said chief executive Mark Zuckerberg.The first surveys have started in the United States and will soon expand to other countries.The company plans to include the local news outlets of users in its surveys.Like many digital platforms that act as news providers,Facebook had great faith in a belief that programmed electrons in computer servers can discern qualities of thought such as trust,fairness,and honesty.Even in respected newsrooms,however,these traits of character require constant upkeep among journalists and feedback from paying customers.Good judgment on news relies on orders of consciousness beyond what a machine can do.Rather than move toward becoming a hands-on gatekeeper of news,Facebook now hopes its"diverse and representative"sampling of users can lead to a ranking of news outlets-and that would bring a measure of objectivity in its news feed.The company may be in the news business but it has chosen to outsource news credibility to the collective wisdom of individuals and their ability to distinguish truth from falsehood.By placing its trust in people as seekers of truth,Facebook could earn greater trust from its users.This is also a lesson for many companies,especially digital platforms or those in the media business.According to the latest survey of trust in institutions worldwide by Edelman communications firm,"media has become the least-trusted institution for the first time,"more so than other businesses or government.In particular,the US is"enduring an unprecedented crisis of trust"among many of its institutions,says Richard Edelman,president and CEO of Edelman."The root cause of this fall is the lack of objective facts and rational discourse,"he adds.Facebook's shift away from computer-driven news selection is a welcome step toward restoring trust in the overall business of news.This is not a new problem."Nothing can now be believed which is seen in a newspaper,"wrote Thomas Jefferson in 1807.Yet the Digital Age has forced the issue of trust for news providers.By inviting readers to participate in solving this problem,Facebook has itself set a new bar for earning trust.
In the last paragraph,Thomas Jefferson's words are cited to indicate

A.the poor quality of newspapers nowadays.
B.the long-standing trust issue in news businesses.
C.the problems arising from Facebook's shift.
D.the issue of trust in the Digital Age.

Frankenstein's monster haunts discussions of the ethics of artificial intetligence:the fear is that scientists will create something that has purposes and even desires of its own and which will carry them out at the expense of human beings.This is a misleading picture because it suggests that there will be a moment at which the monster comes alive:the switch is thrown,the program run,and after that its human creators can do nothing more.In real life there will be no such singularity.Construction of AI and its deployment will be continuous processes,with humans involved and to some extent responsible at every step.This is what makes Google'-s declarations of ethical principles for its use of AI so significant,because it seems to be the result of a revolt among the company's programmers.The senior management at Google saw the supply of AI to the Pentagon as a goldmine,if only it could be kept from public knowledge."Avoid at all costs any mention or implication of Al,"wrole Google Cloud's chief scientist for AI in a memo."I don't know what would happen if the media starts picking up a theme that Google is building AI weapons or AI technologies to enable weapons for the Defense industry."That,of course,is exactly what the company had been doing.Google had been subcontracting for the Pentagon on Project Maven,which was meant to bring the benefits of AI to war-fighting.Then the media found out and more than 3,000 0f its own employees prote.sted.Only iwo things frighten the tech giants:onc i.s the stock market;the other is an organised workforce.The employees'agitation led to Google announcing six principles of ethical AI,among them that it will not make weapons systems.or technologies whose purpose,or use in surveillance,violates international principles of human rights.This still leaves a huge intentional exception:profiting from"non-lethal"defence technology.Obviously we cannot expect all companies,still less all programmers,to show this kind of ethical fine-tuning.Other companies will bid for Pentagon business:Google had to beat IBM,Amazon and Microsoft to gain the Maven contract.But in all these cases,the companies involved-which means the people who work for them-will be actively involved in maintaining,tweaking and improving the work.This opens an opportunity for consistent ethical pressure and for the attribution of responsibility to human beings and not to inanimate objects.Questions about the ethics of artificial intelligence are questions about the ethics of the people who make it and the purposes they put it to.It is not the monster,but the good Dr Frankenstein we need to worry about most.
Which of the following is the best title of the text?

A.The Ethics of AI:It's about Dr Frankenstein,Not His Monster
B.The Path to Advanced AI:It I.ies in Ethics,Not in Technologies
C.The Nature of Project Maven:A Conspiracy to Misuse AI
D.Google's Principles of Ethical AI:A Wake-up Call to the Threat of AI

Artificial intelligence,or AI,is called artificial for a good reason.Facebook made that point last week by ending its attempt to rely heavily on software algorithms to select news items for its 2 billion users.It announced Jan.19 that the Facebook"community"will be asked to rank news outlets by their trustworthiness.This reader feedback will promote"high quality news that helps build a sense of common ground"in a world with"so much division,"said chief executive Mark Zuckerberg.The first surveys have started in the United States and will soon expand to other countries.The company plans to include the local news outlets of users in its surveys.Like many digital platforms that act as news providers,Facebook had great faith in a belief that programmed electrons in computer servers can discern qualities of thought such as trust,fairness,and honesty.Even in respected newsrooms,however,these traits of character require constant upkeep among journalists and feedback from paying customers.Good judgment on news relies on orders of consciousness beyond what a machine can do.Rather than move toward becoming a hands-on gatekeeper of news,Facebook now hopes its"diverse and representative"sampling of users can lead to a ranking of news outlets-and that would bring a measure of objectivity in its news feed.The company may be in the news business but it has chosen to outsource news credibility to the collective wisdom of individuals and their ability to distinguish truth from falsehood.By placing its trust in people as seekers of truth,Facebook could earn greater trust from its users.This is also a lesson for many companies,especially digital platforms or those in the media business.According to the latest survey of trust in institutions worldwide by Edelman communications firm,"media has become the least-trusted institution for the first time,"more so than other businesses or government.In particular,the US is"enduring an unprecedented crisis of trust"among many of its institutions,says Richard Edelman,president and CEO of Edelman."The root cause of this fall is the lack of objective facts and rational discourse,"he adds.Facebook's shift away from computer-driven news selection is a welcome step toward restoring trust in the overall business of news.This is not a new problem."Nothing can now be believed which is seen in a newspaper,"wrote Thomas Jefferson in 1807.Yet the Digital Age has forced the issue of trust for news providers.By inviting readers to participate in solving this problem,Facebook has itself set a new bar for earning trust.
To which of the following would Mark Zuckerberg most probably agree?

A.Common grounds among users are the sources of high quality news.
B.Programmed electrons can make good judgment on news quality.
C.Computers can not replace human beings in news selection.
D.Reader feedback is not needed in respected newsrooms.

Text 2 Should we be thinking of Facebook as a news site?Is that how Facebook thinks of itself?No,not primarily,Facebook now says.In a document posted on Wednesday,the company explained,for the first time,the"values"that govem its news feed,the scrolling list of posts that Facebook presents to its l.65 billion users every time they log on.Though it is couched in the anodyne language of a corporate news release,the document's message should come as a shock to everyone in the media business.According to these values,Facebook has a single overriding purpose,and it isn't news.Facebook is mainly for telling you what's up with your friends and family.Adam Mosseri,the Facebook manager in charge of the news feed,said in a recent interview that informing and entertaining users was also part of the company's mission.But he made clear that news and entertainment were secondary pursuits."We think more,spend more time and work on more projects that try to help people express themselves with their friends or learn about their friends or have conversations with their friends,"he said.As if to underscore the point,the company is making a tweak to its news feed ranking system to increase the prominence ofcoiitent from your friends and family over posts by news companies and other organizations.It is also waming news companies that their traffic might decline as a result of the change.These moves highlight a truth that tends to get lost in commentary about the social network's influence over the news:At Facebook,infonrung users about the world will always take a back seat to cute pictures of babies..Because Facebook does not think ofitself primarily as a news company,it seems to want us to stop expecting it to act like one.Whether we should,though,is a more complicated matter.The company has long been hounded by journalists and activists over its power to shape the news through its algorithms,or the code that determines which stories you see,in the news feed.The question of how to think about Facebook's role in the news-and whether we should demand the same standards of accuracy,objectivity,transparency and fairness that we expect from traditional outlets-may be the primary puzzle ofour new media age.According to Facebook,the values outlined in the document have been the informal governing philosophy of its news feed since it was started a decade ago,and Mr.Zuckerberg and Chris Cox,Facebook's chiefproduct officer,were deeply involved in drafiing the new document.26.According to the first paragraph,we can infer that Facebook.

A.was originally designed to be a news website.
B.presents important news to its l.65 billion users.
C.values the relationship with your family and friends most.
D.doesn't want to work with media business.