Artificial intelligence,or AI,is called artificial for a good reason.Facebook made that point last week by ending its attempt to rely heavily on software algorithms to select news items for its 2 billion users.It announced Jan.19 that the Facebook"communi

题目
Artificial intelligence,or AI,is called artificial for a good reason.Facebook made that point last week by ending its attempt to rely heavily on software algorithms to select news items for its 2 billion users.It announced Jan.19 that the Facebook"community"will be asked to rank news outlets by their trustworthiness.This reader feedback will promote"high quality news that helps build a sense of common ground"in a world with"so much division,"said chief executive Mark Zuckerberg.The first surveys have started in the United States and will soon expand to other countries.The company plans to include the local news outlets of users in its surveys.Like many digital platforms that act as news providers,Facebook had great faith in a belief that programmed electrons in computer servers can discern qualities of thought such as trust,fairness,and honesty.Even in respected newsrooms,however,these traits of character require constant upkeep among journalists and feedback from paying customers.Good judgment on news relies on orders of consciousness beyond what a machine can do.Rather than move toward becoming a hands-on gatekeeper of news,Facebook now hopes its"diverse and representative"sampling of users can lead to a ranking of news outlets-and that would bring a measure of objectivity in its news feed.The company may be in the news business but it has chosen to outsource news credibility to the collective wisdom of individuals and their ability to distinguish truth from falsehood.By placing its trust in people as seekers of truth,Facebook could earn greater trust from its users.This is also a lesson for many companies,especially digital platforms or those in the media business.According to the latest survey of trust in institutions worldwide by Edelman communications firm,"media has become the least-trusted institution for the first time,"more so than other businesses or government.In particular,the US is"enduring an unprecedented crisis of trust"among many of its institutions,says Richard Edelman,president and CEO of Edelman."The root cause of this fall is the lack of objective facts and rational discourse,"he adds.Facebook's shift away from computer-driven news selection is a welcome step toward restoring trust in the overall business of news.This is not a new problem."Nothing can now be believed which is seen in a newspaper,"wrote Thomas Jefferson in 1807.Yet the Digital Age has forced the issue of trust for news providers.By inviting readers to participate in solving this problem,Facebook has itself set a new bar for earning trust.
Facebook used to select news items by

A.adopting Al technology.
B.relying on its 2 billion users.
C.building a Facebook"community".
D.ranking news outlets by credibility.

相似考题
参考答案和解析
答案:A
解析:
首段指出,人工智能(AI)毕竟是“人工”的,Facebook的做法“宣布终止依赖软件算法(software algorithms)的筛选新闻方式,转而邀请其用户群对新闻机构的可信度进行排名”印证了这一点。文中software algorithm即指Al技术(与“人类智能”相对),A.正确。[解题技巧]B.将第一段②句中“为20亿用户筛选新闻(select news items for its 2 billion users)”篡改为“依赖20亿用户筛选新闻(relying on its 2 billion users)”。C.将第一段③句所述“新做法:邀请社群对新闻机构可信度进行排名(Facebook“community”will be asked)”篡改为“旧做法:建立Facebook社群筛选新闻(building a Facebook“community”)”。D.源自第一段③句rank news outlets by their trustworthiness,但由句中will可知,这事关Facebook将要采取的新方式,而非过去的旧方式。
更多“Artificial intelligence,or AI,is called artificial for a good reason.Facebook made that point last week by ending its attempt to rely heavily on software algorithms to select news items for its 2 bil”相关问题
  • 第1题:

    If any cargo is found not in good order,______.

    A.it is usually cancelled

    B.its bill of lading not signed

    C.the shipper pays for it

    D.a remark is made for it


    正确答案:D

  • 第2题:

    共用题干
    Local Newspapers in Britain
    1. Britain has a large circulation(发行量)of the national newspapers. The Daily Mirror and The Daily Express both sell about 4 million copies each day.On average,every family will buy one newspaper in the morning,and take two or three on Sundays.
    2. Local newspapers are just as popular as the national ones in Britain.Local papers have a week-ly circulation of 13 million .Nearly every town and country area has its own paper,and almost ev-ery local paper is financially holding its own.Many local newspapers are earning good profits.
    3. Local newspapers have their special characteristics.They mainly satisfy interest in local e-vents-births,weddings,deaths,council meetings,and sports.Editors often rely on a small staff of people who know the district well.Clubs and churches in the neighborhood regularly supply these papers with much local news.Local news does not get out of date as quickly as national news.If there is no room for it in this week's edition,a news item can be held over until the fol- lowing week.
    4. The editor of a local newspaper never forgets that the success of any newspaper depends on ad-vertising.For this reason,he is keen to keep the good will of local businessmen.If the newspaper sells well with carefully chosen news items to attract local readers,the businessmen will be grateful to the paper for the opportunity of keeping their products in the public eye.
    5. Local newspapers seldom comment on problems of national importance,and editors rarely take sides on political questions.But they can often provide service to the community in expressing public feeling on local issues.A newspaper can sometimes persuade the council to take action to improve transport,provide better shopping facilities,and preserve local monuments and places of interest.

    Paragraph 3______
    A: Keeping Good Relations with Local Businessmen
    B: Service Provided by Local Newspapers
    C: Large Circulation of the National Newspapers
    D: Special Features of Local Newspapers
    E: Power of Local Newspapers
    F: Popularity of Local Newspapers

    答案:D
    解析:
    本段大意:英国的地方报和国家报同样受欢迎,几乎每个镇和乡村都有自己的报纸。因此F项正确。


    本段大意:地方报的特性,内容都是当地发生的事。因此D项正确。


    本段大意:地方报与商人保持好关系,依靠广告获取成功。因此A项正确。


    本段大意:地方报不评论国家大事和政治问题,但可以为社区提供表达当地问题感受的服务。因此B项正确。


    根据第一段“On average , every family will buy one newspaper in the morning, and take two or three on Sundays.”可知,英国人有早晨读报的习惯。因此C项正确。


    根据第二段“Many local newspapers are earning good profits”可知地方报可以挣很多的钱,因此A项正确。


    根据第三段可知,地方报内容受到当地人的喜爱。因此D项正确。


    根据最后一段“Local newspapers seldom comment on...political questions.”可得出答案。因此E项正确。

  • 第3题:

    Frankenstein's monster haunts discussions of the ethics of artificial intetligence:the fear is that scientists will create something that has purposes and even desires of its own and which will carry them out at the expense of human beings.This is a misleading picture because it suggests that there will be a moment at which the monster comes alive:the switch is thrown,the program run,and after that its human creators can do nothing more.In real life there will be no such singularity.Construction of AI and its deployment will be continuous processes,with humans involved and to some extent responsible at every step.This is what makes Google'-s declarations of ethical principles for its use of AI so significant,because it seems to be the result of a revolt among the company's programmers.The senior management at Google saw the supply of AI to the Pentagon as a goldmine,if only it could be kept from public knowledge."Avoid at all costs any mention or implication of Al,"wrole Google Cloud's chief scientist for AI in a memo."I don't know what would happen if the media starts picking up a theme that Google is building AI weapons or AI technologies to enable weapons for the Defense industry."That,of course,is exactly what the company had been doing.Google had been subcontracting for the Pentagon on Project Maven,which was meant to bring the benefits of AI to war-fighting.Then the media found out and more than 3,000 0f its own employees prote.sted.Only iwo things frighten the tech giants:onc i.s the stock market;the other is an organised workforce.The employees'agitation led to Google announcing six principles of ethical AI,among them that it will not make weapons systems.or technologies whose purpose,or use in surveillance,violates international principles of human rights.This still leaves a huge intentional exception:profiting from"non-lethal"defence technology.Obviously we cannot expect all companies,still less all programmers,to show this kind of ethical fine-tuning.Other companies will bid for Pentagon business:Google had to beat IBM,Amazon and Microsoft to gain the Maven contract.But in all these cases,the companies involved-which means the people who work for them-will be actively involved in maintaining,tweaking and improving the work.This opens an opportunity for consistent ethical pressure and for the attribution of responsibility to human beings and not to inanimate objects.Questions about the ethics of artificial intelligence are questions about the ethics of the people who make it and the purposes they put it to.It is not the monster,but the good Dr Frankenstein we need to worry about most.
    The author suggests in the last paragraph that

    A.companies should unite to boycott the Maven project.
    B.the Pentagon should consider the bidders'morality.
    C.AI creators should take responsibility for AI ethics.
    D.Priority should be given to the development of AI

    答案:C
    解析:
    作者在末段指出,科技公司的员工们(即AI创造者)将会积极地参与到项目的维护和改进中,他们可以不断施加道德压力、将AI的道德责任归结于“人类”(the attribution of responsibilit,y to human beings)。最后,作者表示AI道德问题的本质是“Al创造者及其目的的道德问题”(ethics of the people who make it and the purposes they put it to).即Al创造者应为Al道德问题负责,C.正确。[解题技巧]A.违背末段①②句“人们不能期望所有公司都进行道德微调(即抵制Maven项目);即便谷歌放弃Maven项目,也会有其他公司参与竞争”暗示之意“公司参与Maven项目可以理解、也无法禁止”。B.利用末段②句所述情形“多家公司将会竞争五角大楼的Maven项目”捏造干扰,文中并未提及五角大楼应考虑竞标者的品德。D.干扰源自末句lt is not the monster.…we need to worry about most,但该句整体意在说明“Al道德问题的核心焦点不是AI技术本身,而是创造使用Al的人”,并非说明“人们可以无所顾虑地优先发展Al”。

  • 第4题:

    Artificial intelligence,or AI,is called artificial for a good reason.Facebook made that point last week by ending its attempt to rely heavily on software algorithms to select news items for its 2 billion users.It announced Jan.19 that the Facebook"community"will be asked to rank news outlets by their trustworthiness.This reader feedback will promote"high quality news that helps build a sense of common ground"in a world with"so much division,"said chief executive Mark Zuckerberg.The first surveys have started in the United States and will soon expand to other countries.The company plans to include the local news outlets of users in its surveys.Like many digital platforms that act as news providers,Facebook had great faith in a belief that programmed electrons in computer servers can discern qualities of thought such as trust,fairness,and honesty.Even in respected newsrooms,however,these traits of character require constant upkeep among journalists and feedback from paying customers.Good judgment on news relies on orders of consciousness beyond what a machine can do.Rather than move toward becoming a hands-on gatekeeper of news,Facebook now hopes its"diverse and representative"sampling of users can lead to a ranking of news outlets-and that would bring a measure of objectivity in its news feed.The company may be in the news business but it has chosen to outsource news credibility to the collective wisdom of individuals and their ability to distinguish truth from falsehood.By placing its trust in people as seekers of truth,Facebook could earn greater trust from its users.This is also a lesson for many companies,especially digital platforms or those in the media business.According to the latest survey of trust in institutions worldwide by Edelman communications firm,"media has become the least-trusted institution for the first time,"more so than other businesses or government.In particular,the US is"enduring an unprecedented crisis of trust"among many of its institutions,says Richard Edelman,president and CEO of Edelman."The root cause of this fall is the lack of objective facts and rational discourse,"he adds.Facebook's shift away from computer-driven news selection is a welcome step toward restoring trust in the overall business of news.This is not a new problem."Nothing can now be believed which is seen in a newspaper,"wrote Thomas Jefferson in 1807.Yet the Digital Age has forced the issue of trust for news providers.By inviting readers to participate in solving this problem,Facebook has itself set a new bar for earning trust.
    According to Paragraph 4,Facebook hopes to

    A.measure the objectivity of news feed on its own.
    B.improve its ability to tell truth from falsehood.
    C.shed off the responsibility of a news provider.
    D.outsource news credibility to its massive users.

    答案:D
    解析:
    第四段指出,Facebook希望多元化、代表性的抽样用户对新闻机构的排名将会给其新闻推送带来客观性。即:Facebook将新闻可信度外包给群体智慧。可见D.正确,outsource news credibilitv to its massive users是对outsource news credibility to the collective wisdom.的概括。[解题技巧]A.反向干扰,第四段①句以Rather than否定指出Facebook不是想成为新闻的亲自把关者。B.将第四段末句their ability to distinguish truth from falsehood曲解为Facebook辨别真伪的能力。但联系上文可知,此处的their指用户(users),且文中并未涉及这一能力的提升。C.将第四段末句的外包新闻可信度(outsource news credibility)过度引申为推卸责任(shed off responsibility),结合上文可知,Facebook并非推卸责任,而是在新闻筛选上采用了新的方式,给用户更大的权限。

  • 第5题:

    Artificial intelligence,or AI,is called artificial for a good reason.Facebook made that point last week by ending its attempt to rely heavily on software algorithms to select news items for its 2 billion users.It announced Jan.19 that the Facebook"community"will be asked to rank news outlets by their trustworthiness.This reader feedback will promote"high quality news that helps build a sense of common ground"in a world with"so much division,"said chief executive Mark Zuckerberg.The first surveys have started in the United States and will soon expand to other countries.The company plans to include the local news outlets of users in its surveys.Like many digital platforms that act as news providers,Facebook had great faith in a belief that programmed electrons in computer servers can discern qualities of thought such as trust,fairness,and honesty.Even in respected newsrooms,however,these traits of character require constant upkeep among journalists and feedback from paying customers.Good judgment on news relies on orders of consciousness beyond what a machine can do.Rather than move toward becoming a hands-on gatekeeper of news,Facebook now hopes its"diverse and representative"sampling of users can lead to a ranking of news outlets-and that would bring a measure of objectivity in its news feed.The company may be in the news business but it has chosen to outsource news credibility to the collective wisdom of individuals and their ability to distinguish truth from falsehood.By placing its trust in people as seekers of truth,Facebook could earn greater trust from its users.This is also a lesson for many companies,especially digital platforms or those in the media business.According to the latest survey of trust in institutions worldwide by Edelman communications firm,"media has become the least-trusted institution for the first time,"more so than other businesses or government.In particular,the US is"enduring an unprecedented crisis of trust"among many of its institutions,says Richard Edelman,president and CEO of Edelman."The root cause of this fall is the lack of objective facts and rational discourse,"he adds.Facebook's shift away from computer-driven news selection is a welcome step toward restoring trust in the overall business of news.This is not a new problem."Nothing can now be believed which is seen in a newspaper,"wrote Thomas Jefferson in 1807.Yet the Digital Age has forced the issue of trust for news providers.By inviting readers to participate in solving this problem,Facebook has itself set a new bar for earning trust.
    The author holds that Facebook's shift is

    A.a lesson for news providers on filtering news.
    B.the cause of the trust crisis across business of news.
    C.a step towarcl restoring users'trust in news business.
    D.the result of lacking objective facts and rational discourse.

    答案:C
    解析:
    题目考查作者对Facebook转变的看法,该信息集中于第五、六两段。第五段指出,Facebook的做法/转变可以为其赢得用户信任,而整个新闻业目前正陷于信任危机。第六段首句进而指出.Facebook的做法是向恢复用户对新闻业信任迈出的可喜一步,综合可得C.正确。[解题技巧]A.来源于第五段②句a lesson for many companIes,但结合整段可知,此处的lesson(经验、启示)是指“获取用户信任”,而非“筛选新闻”。B.源于第五段提及的美国信任危机(unprecedented crisis of trust),但作者意在以“Facebook转变是化解危机的可喜一步”凸显转变的意义,并非说明它是危机成因。D.将第五段末句缺乏客观事实和理性对话的结果“信任危机(crisis of trust-this fall所指)”偷换为“Facebook的转变(Facebook's shift)”。

  • 第6题:

    Frankenstein's monster haunts discussions of the ethics of artificial intetligence:the fear is that scientists will create something that has purposes and even desires of its own and which will carry them out at the expense of human beings.This is a misleading picture because it suggests that there will be a moment at which the monster comes alive:the switch is thrown,the program run,and after that its human creators can do nothing more.In real life there will be no such singularity.Construction of AI and its deployment will be continuous processes,with humans involved and to some extent responsible at every step.This is what makes Google'-s declarations of ethical principles for its use of AI so significant,because it seems to be the result of a revolt among the company's programmers.The senior management at Google saw the supply of AI to the Pentagon as a goldmine,if only it could be kept from public knowledge."Avoid at all costs any mention or implication of Al,"wrole Google Cloud's chief scientist for AI in a memo."I don't know what would happen if the media starts picking up a theme that Google is building AI weapons or AI technologies to enable weapons for the Defense industry."That,of course,is exactly what the company had been doing.Google had been subcontracting for the Pentagon on Project Maven,which was meant to bring the benefits of AI to war-fighting.Then the media found out and more than 3,000 0f its own employees prote.sted.Only iwo things frighten the tech giants:onc i.s the stock market;the other is an organised workforce.The employees'agitation led to Google announcing six principles of ethical AI,among them that it will not make weapons systems.or technologies whose purpose,or use in surveillance,violates international principles of human rights.This still leaves a huge intentional exception:profiting from"non-lethal"defence technology.Obviously we cannot expect all companies,still less all programmers,to show this kind of ethical fine-tuning.Other companies will bid for Pentagon business:Google had to beat IBM,Amazon and Microsoft to gain the Maven contract.But in all these cases,the companies involved-which means the people who work for them-will be actively involved in maintaining,tweaking and improving the work.This opens an opportunity for consistent ethical pressure and for the attribution of responsibility to human beings and not to inanimate objects.Questions about the ethics of artificial intelligence are questions about the ethics of the people who make it and the purposes they put it to.It is not the monster,but the good Dr Frankenstein we need to worry about most.
    Google's declaration of ethical AI principles is mainly prompted by

    A.its awareness of AI's significance to the Pentagon.
    B.its senior management's desire for economic benefits.
    C.its employees'protest against applying AI to warfare.
    D.its eagerness to solve ethical problems concerning AI.

    答案:C
    解析:
    第二段首句指出,谷歌宣布Al道德原则是“公司程序员们抗议”的结果。结合下文所述谷歌做法“向五角大楼秘密提供AI技术、制造AI武器或驱动武器的AI技术”可知,程序员们抗议的对象为“将AI应用于战争”,C.正确。[解题技巧]A.对第二段①句its use of AI so significant断章取义,该句并非指“谷歌意识到AI对五角大楼非常重要”,而是指“谷歌宣布Al使用原则意义重大”。B.源自②句saw the supply of AI to the Pentagon as a goldmine(“将……视为一座金矿”即“希望借……获取巨大经济利益”),但将“谷歌向五角大楼提供Al技术”的原因偷换为了“谷歌宣布AI道德原则”的原因。D.体现强烈的“主动性”,与文中所示谷歌行为“在此之前一直刻意隐瞒,后迫于员工抗议才公布了AI道德原则”相悖。

  • 第7题:

    共用题干
    Local Newspapers in Britain
    1. Britain has a large circulation(发行量)of the national newspapers. The Daily Mirror and The Daily Express both sell about 4 million copies each day.On average,every family will buy one newspaper in the morning,and take two or three on Sundays.
    2. Local newspapers are just as popular as the national ones in Britain.Local papers have a weekly circulation of 1 3 million.Nearly every town and country area has its own paper,and almost every local paper is financially holding its own.Many local newspapers are earning good profits.
    3. Local newspapers have their special characteristics.They mainly satisfy interest in local events-births,weddings,deaths,council meetings,and sports.Editors often rely on a small staff of people who know the district well.Clubs and churches in the neighborhood regularly supply these papers with much local news.Local news does not get out of date as quickly as national news .If there is no room for it in this week's edition,a news item can be held over until the following week.
    4. The editor of a local newspaper never forgets that the success of any newspaper depends on advertising.For this reason,he is keen to keep the good will of local businessmen.If the newspaper sells well with carefully chosen news items to attract local readers,the businessmen will be grateful to the paper for the opportunity of keeping their products in the public eye.
    5. Local newspapers seldom comment on problems of national importance,and editors rarely take sides on political questions.But they can often provide service to the community in expressing public feeling on local issues.A newspaper can sometimes persuade the council to take action to improve transport,provide better shopping facilities,and preserve local monuments and places of interest.

    Paragraph 2______
    A: Keeping Good Relations with Local Businessmen
    B: Service Provided by Local Newspapers
    C: Large Circulation of the National Newspapers
    D: Special Features of Local Newspapers
    E: Power of Local Newspapers
    F: Popularity of Local Newspapers

    答案:F
    解析:
    本段大意:英国的地方报和国家报同样受欢迎,几乎每个镇和乡村都有自己的报纸。因此F项正确。


    本段大意:地方报的特性,内容都是当地发生的事。因此D项正确。


    本段大意:地方报与商人保持好关系,依靠广告获取成功。因此A项正确。


    本段大意:地方报不评论国家大事和政治问题,但可以为社区提供表达当地问题感受的服务。因此B项正确。


    根据第一段“On average , every family will buy one newspaper in the morning, and take two or three on Sundays.”可知,英国人有早晨读报的习惯。因此C项正确。


    根据第二段“Many local newspapers are earning good profits”可知地方报可以挣很多的钱,因此A项正确。


    根据第三段可知,地方报内容受到当地人的喜爱。因此D项正确。


    根据最后一段“Local newspapers seldom comment on… political questions.”可得出答案。因此E项正确。

  • 第8题:

    AI的英文缩写是Artificial Intelligence


    正确答案:正确

  • 第9题:

    人工智能(Artificial Intelligence),英文缩写为Al。


    正确答案:正确

  • 第10题:

    判断题
    人工智能(Artificial Intelligence),英文缩写为Al。
    A

    B


    正确答案:
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第11题:

    问答题
    Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.  Computer users fed up with hacker attacks and other security threats that exploit holes in Microsoft software are increasingly turning to alternatives such as open source Internet browsers developed by Mozilla.  “It’s reflective of a trend that we’ve seen over the last year with more web users becoming frustrated with the Internet experience,” said Chris Hoffmann of the Mozilla Foundation, a non-profit group supported by Sun Microsystems, IBM and other companies, backing as an alternative to Microsoft.  Much of that frustration has centered on Microsoft, which has been heavily criticized for producing software vulnerable to hand virus writers. Microsoft has responded with a series of patches designed to plug vulnerabilities in its Windows operating system, Internet Explorer web browser and other software.  But computer owners are growing weary of continuously updating software to protect against new threats. One incident last month enabled hackers to gain access to web surfers’ computers by taking advantage of vulnerabilities in Microsoft’s browser.  Hackers could then install remote access Trojan programs that enabled them to control a victim’s computer. The hackers could also install software to capture a victim’s keystrokes to steal data such as bank account numbers and passwords.  Mr. Hoffmann hoped publicity stemming from Microsoft’s security woes(灾难) would translate into a market share increase for Mozilla’s software, which includes the new highly regarded Firefox Internet browser.  But Mozilla suffered a setback last week when it was forced to issue a software patch to counter a newly discovered vulnerability affecting its Internet browsers.  Still, Mr. Hoffmann said Microsoft’s security woes stem in part from the way its browser has been integrated into Windows for user convenience. Security experts agree that has made it easier for hackers to exploit computers running on Microsoft software.  Others suggest Microsoft has been targeted by hackers and virus writers simply because more than 90 per cent of the world’s computers run on the software giant’s operating system.  Questions:  1.What is the meaning of the phrase “fed up with” (Para.1)?  2.It can be guessed that the word “plug” (Para.3) means ________________.  3.Why more web users have become frustrated?  4.What happened to Mozilla’s Internet browsers last week?  5.How would Microsoft be less vulnerable?

    正确答案:
    1.tired of be fed up with的含义是“厌倦的”。
    2.stop plug的原意是“塞住,堵住”,上文提到微软的Windows操作系统容易受到攻击,微软就设计了一系列补丁来防止Windows操作系统受攻击。由此可知plug的意思是stop。
    3.Because Microsoft software is increasingly threatened by hackers 文章开头提到Computer Users fed up with hacker attacks and other security threats,“很多的计算机使用者受到黑客的攻击”,第三段也谈到人们对微软的Windows操作系统感到很失望,因为微软的Windows操作系统容易受到黑客的攻击。
    4.They were affected by a newly discovered vulnerability 文章倒数第三段第一句话提到Mozilla suffered a setback…counter a newly discovered vulnerability...这段话所隐含的意思是由于微软操作系统非常容易受到病毒的攻击,使得Mozilla互联网浏览器的使用者受到了不少影响。
    5.If its browser hadn’t been integrated into Windows. 文章倒数第二段开头一句话指出Microsoft’s security woes stem in part from the way its browser has been integrated into Windows for user convenience.即微软操作系统的安全受到威胁部分是因为微软的使用者为方便把Windows界面与网络浏览器连接在一起,这样就使得微软的操作系统更容易受到病毒的攻击,因而要使微软免于病毒的攻击就只能把浏览器与Windows界面分开。
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第12题:

    名词解释题
    人工授精(artificial insemination,AI)

    正确答案: 是将精子通过非性交方式放人女性生殖道内,使其受孕的一种技术。
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第13题:

    共用题干
    Local Newspapers in Britain
    1. Britain has a large circulation(发行量)of the national newspapers. The Daily Mirror and The Daily Express both sell about 4 million copies each day.On average,every family will buy one newspaper in the morning,and take two or three on Sundays.
    2. Local newspapers are just as popular as the national ones in Britain.Local papers have a week-ly circulation of 13 million .Nearly every town and country area has its own paper,and almost ev-ery local paper is financially holding its own.Many local newspapers are earning good profits.
    3. Local newspapers have their special characteristics.They mainly satisfy interest in local e-vents-births,weddings,deaths,council meetings,and sports.Editors often rely on a small staff of people who know the district well.Clubs and churches in the neighborhood regularly supply these papers with much local news.Local news does not get out of date as quickly as national news.If there is no room for it in this week's edition,a news item can be held over until the fol- lowing week.
    4. The editor of a local newspaper never forgets that the success of any newspaper depends on ad-vertising.For this reason,he is keen to keep the good will of local businessmen.If the newspaper sells well with carefully chosen news items to attract local readers,the businessmen will be grateful to the paper for the opportunity of keeping their products in the public eye.
    5. Local newspapers seldom comment on problems of national importance,and editors rarely take sides on political questions.But they can often provide service to the community in expressing public feeling on local issues.A newspaper can sometimes persuade the council to take action to improve transport,provide better shopping facilities,and preserve local monuments and places of interest.

    British people have the habit of reading newspapers in the______.
    A: a lot of money
    B: British people
    C: morning
    D: local people
    E: national issues
    F: local issues

    答案:C
    解析:
    本段大意:英国的地方报和国家报同样受欢迎,几乎每个镇和乡村都有自己的报纸。因此F项正确。


    本段大意:地方报的特性,内容都是当地发生的事。因此D项正确。


    本段大意:地方报与商人保持好关系,依靠广告获取成功。因此A项正确。


    本段大意:地方报不评论国家大事和政治问题,但可以为社区提供表达当地问题感受的服务。因此B项正确。


    根据第一段“On average , every family will buy one newspaper in the morning, and take two or three on Sundays.”可知,英国人有早晨读报的习惯。因此C项正确。


    根据第二段“Many local newspapers are earning good profits”可知地方报可以挣很多的钱,因此A项正确。


    根据第三段可知,地方报内容受到当地人的喜爱。因此D项正确。


    根据最后一段“Local newspapers seldom comment on...political questions.”可得出答案。因此E项正确。

  • 第14题:

    共用题干
    Local Newspapers in Britain
    1. Britain has a large circulation(发行量)of the national newspapers. The Daily Mirror and The Daily Express both sell about 4 million copies each day.On average,every family will buy one newspaper in the morning,and take two or three on Sundays.
    2. Local newspapers are just as popular as the national ones in Britain.Local papers have a week-ly circulation of 13 million .Nearly every town and country area has its own paper,and almost ev-ery local paper is financially holding its own.Many local newspapers are earning good profits.
    3. Local newspapers have their special characteristics.They mainly satisfy interest in local e-vents-births,weddings,deaths,council meetings,and sports.Editors often rely on a small staff of people who know the district well.Clubs and churches in the neighborhood regularly supply these papers with much local news.Local news does not get out of date as quickly as national news.If there is no room for it in this week's edition,a news item can be held over until the fol- lowing week.
    4. The editor of a local newspaper never forgets that the success of any newspaper depends on ad-vertising.For this reason,he is keen to keep the good will of local businessmen.If the newspaper sells well with carefully chosen news items to attract local readers,the businessmen will be grateful to the paper for the opportunity of keeping their products in the public eye.
    5. Local newspapers seldom comment on problems of national importance,and editors rarely take sides on political questions.But they can often provide service to the community in expressing public feeling on local issues.A newspaper can sometimes persuade the council to take action to improve transport,provide better shopping facilities,and preserve local monuments and places of interest.

    Paragraph 2______
    A: Keeping Good Relations with Local Businessmen
    B: Service Provided by Local Newspapers
    C: Large Circulation of the National Newspapers
    D: Special Features of Local Newspapers
    E: Power of Local Newspapers
    F: Popularity of Local Newspapers

    答案:F
    解析:
    本段大意:英国的地方报和国家报同样受欢迎,几乎每个镇和乡村都有自己的报纸。因此F项正确。


    本段大意:地方报的特性,内容都是当地发生的事。因此D项正确。


    本段大意:地方报与商人保持好关系,依靠广告获取成功。因此A项正确。


    本段大意:地方报不评论国家大事和政治问题,但可以为社区提供表达当地问题感受的服务。因此B项正确。


    根据第一段“On average , every family will buy one newspaper in the morning, and take two or three on Sundays.”可知,英国人有早晨读报的习惯。因此C项正确。


    根据第二段“Many local newspapers are earning good profits”可知地方报可以挣很多的钱,因此A项正确。


    根据第三段可知,地方报内容受到当地人的喜爱。因此D项正确。


    根据最后一段“Local newspapers seldom comment on...political questions.”可得出答案。因此E项正确。

  • 第15题:

    Artificial intelligence,or AI,is called artificial for a good reason.Facebook made that point last week by ending its attempt to rely heavily on software algorithms to select news items for its 2 billion users.It announced Jan.19 that the Facebook"community"will be asked to rank news outlets by their trustworthiness.This reader feedback will promote"high quality news that helps build a sense of common ground"in a world with"so much division,"said chief executive Mark Zuckerberg.The first surveys have started in the United States and will soon expand to other countries.The company plans to include the local news outlets of users in its surveys.Like many digital platforms that act as news providers,Facebook had great faith in a belief that programmed electrons in computer servers can discern qualities of thought such as trust,fairness,and honesty.Even in respected newsrooms,however,these traits of character require constant upkeep among journalists and feedback from paying customers.Good judgment on news relies on orders of consciousness beyond what a machine can do.Rather than move toward becoming a hands-on gatekeeper of news,Facebook now hopes its"diverse and representative"sampling of users can lead to a ranking of news outlets-and that would bring a measure of objectivity in its news feed.The company may be in the news business but it has chosen to outsource news credibility to the collective wisdom of individuals and their ability to distinguish truth from falsehood.By placing its trust in people as seekers of truth,Facebook could earn greater trust from its users.This is also a lesson for many companies,especially digital platforms or those in the media business.According to the latest survey of trust in institutions worldwide by Edelman communications firm,"media has become the least-trusted institution for the first time,"more so than other businesses or government.In particular,the US is"enduring an unprecedented crisis of trust"among many of its institutions,says Richard Edelman,president and CEO of Edelman."The root cause of this fall is the lack of objective facts and rational discourse,"he adds.Facebook's shift away from computer-driven news selection is a welcome step toward restoring trust in the overall business of news.This is not a new problem."Nothing can now be believed which is seen in a newspaper,"wrote Thomas Jefferson in 1807.Yet the Digital Age has forced the issue of trust for news providers.By inviting readers to participate in solving this problem,Facebook has itself set a new bar for earning trust.
    In the last paragraph,Thomas Jefferson's words are cited to indicate

    A.the poor quality of newspapers nowadays.
    B.the long-standing trust issue in news businesses.
    C.the problems arising from Facebook's shift.
    D.the issue of trust in the Digital Age.

    答案:B
    解析:
    末段首句指出,Facebook的转变朝向恢复用户对新闻业的信任迈出了可喜一步。第二句直接指出这并非新问题。第三句则援引杰斐逊1807年所言“现在的报纸上没有什么可以相信的”。可见,援引目的在于证明新闻可信度问题古已有之,B.正确。[解题技巧]A.源于引言“现在的报纸上没有什么可以相信的”(Nothing can now be believed.…)。但据下文可知,此处“现在”指1807年,而非当下(nowadays),且“报纸质量低劣”一说与文意存在偏差。C.将末段②句This is not a new problem中This误解为“Facebook转变带来的问题”,而结合前文可知,This指代“新闻业信任问题”,而Facebook转变有益于问题的解决。D.源自末段④句,但选项问题有二:一、Yet表明该句相对引言已发生语义转折,并非引言说明对象;二、该句意指“数字时代迫使新闻提供者们直面信任问题”而非“数字时代信任缺失”。选项不仅偏离原文方向,且放大原文范围(将“新闻业的信任问题”放大到“整个社会的信任缺失”)。一、借助首段特点确定首段

  • 第16题:

    Frankenstein's monster haunts discussions of the ethics of artificial intetligence:the fear is that scientists will create something that has purposes and even desires of its own and which will carry them out at the expense of human beings.This is a misleading picture because it suggests that there will be a moment at which the monster comes alive:the switch is thrown,the program run,and after that its human creators can do nothing more.In real life there will be no such singularity.Construction of AI and its deployment will be continuous processes,with humans involved and to some extent responsible at every step.This is what makes Google'-s declarations of ethical principles for its use of AI so significant,because it seems to be the result of a revolt among the company's programmers.The senior management at Google saw the supply of AI to the Pentagon as a goldmine,if only it could be kept from public knowledge."Avoid at all costs any mention or implication of Al,"wrole Google Cloud's chief scientist for AI in a memo."I don't know what would happen if the media starts picking up a theme that Google is building AI weapons or AI technologies to enable weapons for the Defense industry."That,of course,is exactly what the company had been doing.Google had been subcontracting for the Pentagon on Project Maven,which was meant to bring the benefits of AI to war-fighting.Then the media found out and more than 3,000 0f its own employees prote.sted.Only iwo things frighten the tech giants:onc i.s the stock market;the other is an organised workforce.The employees'agitation led to Google announcing six principles of ethical AI,among them that it will not make weapons systems.or technologies whose purpose,or use in surveillance,violates international principles of human rights.This still leaves a huge intentional exception:profiting from"non-lethal"defence technology.Obviously we cannot expect all companies,still less all programmers,to show this kind of ethical fine-tuning.Other companies will bid for Pentagon business:Google had to beat IBM,Amazon and Microsoft to gain the Maven contract.But in all these cases,the companies involved-which means the people who work for them-will be actively involved in maintaining,tweaking and improving the work.This opens an opportunity for consistent ethical pressure and for the attribution of responsibility to human beings and not to inanimate objects.Questions about the ethics of artificial intelligence are questions about the ethics of the people who make it and the purposes they put it to.It is not the monster,but the good Dr Frankenstein we need to worry about most.
    Which of the following is the best title of the text?

    A.The Ethics of AI:It's about Dr Frankenstein,Not His Monster
    B.The Path to Advanced AI:It I.ies in Ethics,Not in Technologies
    C.The Nature of Project Maven:A Conspiracy to Misuse AI
    D.Google's Principles of Ethical AI:A Wake-up Call to the Threat of AI

    答案:A
    解析:
    本文首段提出作者观点:我们无需担心弗兰肯斯坦博士的科学怪人,因为人类会参与AI发展的每一步,并对其负责。随后介绍具体事例“谷歌将AI技术应用于战争领域的做法遭到了员工的联合抗议,谷歌因此宣布了AI道德六原则”,且作者指出这意义重大。末段作者展开评论:“AI道德问题”的本质是“A1创造者及其目的的道德问题”,人们真正要担心的不是“AI技术的失控(即文中monster)”,而是“AI创造者的善良(即文中Dr Frankenstein)”。A.体现全文核心观点,为正确项。[解题技巧]B.偏离全文论述主题,文中并未涉及AI技术的发展道路。C.偏离文章重心,文章重在借“谷歌秘密参与Maven项目,后被发现并逍员工抵制,随后做出调整、公布AI道德六原则”来论证“AI道德问题的本质”,而非重在探讨“Maven项目的本质”,且作者并未指出这是一个阴谋,Conspiracy贬义色彩过浓。D.违背作者态度:作者并非认为应该警惕AI威胁.而是认为“AI威胁论”是误导性的。

  • 第17题:

    Artificial intelligence,or AI,is called artificial for a good reason.Facebook made that point last week by ending its attempt to rely heavily on software algorithms to select news items for its 2 billion users.It announced Jan.19 that the Facebook"community"will be asked to rank news outlets by their trustworthiness.This reader feedback will promote"high quality news that helps build a sense of common ground"in a world with"so much division,"said chief executive Mark Zuckerberg.The first surveys have started in the United States and will soon expand to other countries.The company plans to include the local news outlets of users in its surveys.Like many digital platforms that act as news providers,Facebook had great faith in a belief that programmed electrons in computer servers can discern qualities of thought such as trust,fairness,and honesty.Even in respected newsrooms,however,these traits of character require constant upkeep among journalists and feedback from paying customers.Good judgment on news relies on orders of consciousness beyond what a machine can do.Rather than move toward becoming a hands-on gatekeeper of news,Facebook now hopes its"diverse and representative"sampling of users can lead to a ranking of news outlets-and that would bring a measure of objectivity in its news feed.The company may be in the news business but it has chosen to outsource news credibility to the collective wisdom of individuals and their ability to distinguish truth from falsehood.By placing its trust in people as seekers of truth,Facebook could earn greater trust from its users.This is also a lesson for many companies,especially digital platforms or those in the media business.According to the latest survey of trust in institutions worldwide by Edelman communications firm,"media has become the least-trusted institution for the first time,"more so than other businesses or government.In particular,the US is"enduring an unprecedented crisis of trust"among many of its institutions,says Richard Edelman,president and CEO of Edelman."The root cause of this fall is the lack of objective facts and rational discourse,"he adds.Facebook's shift away from computer-driven news selection is a welcome step toward restoring trust in the overall business of news.This is not a new problem."Nothing can now be believed which is seen in a newspaper,"wrote Thomas Jefferson in 1807.Yet the Digital Age has forced the issue of trust for news providers.By inviting readers to participate in solving this problem,Facebook has itself set a new bar for earning trust.
    To which of the following would Mark Zuckerberg most probably agree?

    A.Common grounds among users are the sources of high quality news.
    B.Programmed electrons can make good judgment on news quality.
    C.Computers can not replace human beings in news selection.
    D.Reader feedback is not needed in respected newsrooms.

    答案:C
    解析:
    本题就扎克伯格的观点设问,实质考查Facebook转变新闻筛选方式的原因和目的,可将解题范围锁定第二、三段。第三段末句指出,对新闻的良好判断依赖于超越机器能力的意识逻辑(orders of consciousness beyond what a machine can do).即:离不开人类判断.C.正确。[解题技巧]A.将第二段①句“高质量新闻促进用户共同感的建立”偷换为“用户间的共同感促进高质量新闻产生”。B.对第三段①句“程序化元件具有鉴别思想品质的能力”断章取义:however之后已转折指出,(即便如此)用户反馈等依然不可缺少。D.对第三段②句“即便是备受尊敬的新闻编辑室也需要(require)付费用户的不断反馈”篡改为与之相反的信息(is not needed)。

  • 第18题:

    Text 2 Should we be thinking of Facebook as a news site?Is that how Facebook thinks of itself?No,not primarily,Facebook now says.In a document posted on Wednesday,the company explained,for the first time,the"values"that govem its news feed,the scrolling list of posts that Facebook presents to its l.65 billion users every time they log on.Though it is couched in the anodyne language of a corporate news release,the document's message should come as a shock to everyone in the media business.According to these values,Facebook has a single overriding purpose,and it isn't news.Facebook is mainly for telling you what's up with your friends and family.Adam Mosseri,the Facebook manager in charge of the news feed,said in a recent interview that informing and entertaining users was also part of the company's mission.But he made clear that news and entertainment were secondary pursuits."We think more,spend more time and work on more projects that try to help people express themselves with their friends or learn about their friends or have conversations with their friends,"he said.As if to underscore the point,the company is making a tweak to its news feed ranking system to increase the prominence ofcoiitent from your friends and family over posts by news companies and other organizations.It is also waming news companies that their traffic might decline as a result of the change.These moves highlight a truth that tends to get lost in commentary about the social network's influence over the news:At Facebook,infonrung users about the world will always take a back seat to cute pictures of babies..Because Facebook does not think ofitself primarily as a news company,it seems to want us to stop expecting it to act like one.Whether we should,though,is a more complicated matter.The company has long been hounded by journalists and activists over its power to shape the news through its algorithms,or the code that determines which stories you see,in the news feed.The question of how to think about Facebook's role in the news-and whether we should demand the same standards of accuracy,objectivity,transparency and fairness that we expect from traditional outlets-may be the primary puzzle ofour new media age.According to Facebook,the values outlined in the document have been the informal governing philosophy of its news feed since it was started a decade ago,and Mr.Zuckerberg and Chris Cox,Facebook's chiefproduct officer,were deeply involved in drafiing the new document.26.According to the first paragraph,we can infer that Facebook.

    A.was originally designed to be a news website.
    B.presents important news to its l.65 billion users.
    C.values the relationship with your family and friends most.
    D.doesn't want to work with media business.

    答案:C
    解析:
    推理判断题。本题是对第一段内容的推断。根据第一段最后一句“是为了与你分享你的朋友和家人的最新动态”,可以推测C项是正确答案。【干扰排除】A项“最初被设计为一个新闻网站”,第一段第三句已经提到,脸书网不是新闻网站;B项“向其16.5亿用户提供重要新闻”,第一段第四句提到16.5亿用户,但是这16.5亿用户一登录,看到的是关于朋友和家人的最新动态,而并非重要新闻,所以B项排除;D项“不想与媒体业务合作”,第一段第五句提到a shock to everyone in the media business(媒体从业人员还是被震惊到了),但没有提到脸书不想与媒体合作,D项可排除。

  • 第19题:

    Ireland is called the Emerald Isle because of ()

    • A、its shape
    • B、its connection with Britain
    • C、its abundant natural resources
    • D、its rich green countryside

    正确答案:D

  • 第20题:

    人工授精(artificial insemination,AI)


    正确答案: 是将精子通过非性交方式放人女性生殖道内,使其受孕的一种技术。

  • 第21题:

    全球第一个MOOC课程是()大学的Artificial Intelligence。

    • A、斯坦福
    • B、剑桥
    • C、牛津
    • D、耶鲁

    正确答案:A

  • 第22题:

    单选题
    The author most probably agrees that artificial sweetened gum _____
    A

    is not effective in reducing stress.

    B

    may cause some health problems.

    C

    should be avoided although it is healthful.

    D

    is harmful for one’s health due to its sugar containing.


    正确答案: D
    解析:
    由题干关键词artificial sweetened gum定位到第六段第二句“(Avoid artificial sweetened gum, though—some are linked to health issues.)”,由括号里面的some are linked to health issues可知嚼人造加糖,香糖会引起健康问题,B与此内容最为相近,故本题应选B。

  • 第23题:

    单选题
    The lowest temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapor to ignite in the presence of an ignition source is called its ().
    A

    boiling point

    B

    flash point

    C

    viscosity point

    D

    toxic point


    正确答案: A
    解析: 暂无解析