In June,California department of forestry and fire protection determined that 12 devastating fires that struck Northern California tate last year were the result of trees coming into contact with power lines or other problems tied to the electric utility
题目
In June,California department of forestry and fire protection determined that 12 devastating fires that struck Northern California tate last year were the result of trees coming into contact with power lines or other problems tied to the electric utility PG&E.Thanks to a policy known as inverse conclemnation,the utility could be on the hook for those damages,even if ii is not found to be negligeni.In the past,PG&-E has paid the bills when it was blamed for fires and other damages.But the company now says it cannot keep footing the bill so long as climate change continues to increase the likelihood of fires.Millions of trees have died across California after years of intense drought.creating vast quantities of fuel that allow fires to burn faster and over greater clistances-all combined with higher temperatures.It has pushed to raise electricity rates to pay for tlie clamage.Meanwhile.state officials are pushing a change in the law.Governor Jerry Brown proposed a new plan ihat would allow a court to decide whether the utility acted"reasonably"before forcing the company to pay claims."Costly wildfires and natural disasters have the poiential to undermine the sysiem*"Brown told legislators."leaving our energy sector in a state of weakness at a time when it shoulcl be making even greater investments in safety."Within the U.S.,the debate over liability for climate change has taken several forms.On the fecleral level,proactive policymakers have pushed to rework the National Flood Insurance Program（NFIP）,which pays people to rebuild their homes after floods-even in areas where damage is likely to strike again.In effect,that program,which is more than$20 billion in clebt,put.s the burden of climate-change-related natural disasters in the hands of the U.S.government ancl the taxpayer.Infrastructure experts have also pushed the government to rethink its post disaster funding to require climate change preparedness measures.A group of pioneering American cities have sought to have the oil-and-gas industry pay for climate-change-relatecl clamages and disaster-prevention measures.A series of lawsuits have blamed the companies for years of polluting the planet while concealing evidence that emissions would contribute to devastaiing climate change.The authorities behind the lawsuits hope that courts will force the industry to pay up.Thus far,U.S.courts have expressed skepticism-not necessarily of the fault of oil and gas but of the ability of the judicial system to address the issue."The problem deserves a solution on a more vast scale than can be supplied by a district judge or jury in a public nuisance case,"wrote William Alsup of the U.S.District Court in Northern California.Elsewhere,a large number of litigants have also looked to the courts.Lacking other avenues for addressing the issue,people feeling the impacts of climate change are increasingly Lurning to courts to help find a global answer to a global problem.
To which of the following would William Alsup most probably agree?
To which of the following would William Alsup most probably agree?
A.The oil-and-gas industry should pay for climate-change-related damages.
B.Climate change should not be viewed as the faulr of oil and gas.
C.The problem of a warming planet is too big for the courts to solve.
D.The judicial system has the responsibility to settle greenhouse-gas-related disputes.
B.Climate change should not be viewed as the faulr of oil and gas.
C.The problem of a warming planet is too big for the courts to solve.
D.The judicial system has the responsibility to settle greenhouse-gas-related disputes.
相似考题
参考答案和解析
答案：C
解析：
第五段指出，一些城市提出让油气行业为气候变化相关损失以及灾难预防措施买单。第六段则指出法院对此持怀疑态度：倒不一定是对“气候问题错在油气（公司）”表示怀疑，而是对“司法体系解决这一问题的能力”表示怀疑。随后引用William Alsup话语指出：这一问题需要更大范围的方案，并非某一地方法院或陪审团就某一案件的审判便能解决。可见’C.符合该观点。[解题技巧]解答本题的关键是认识到“William Alsup观点”是对“美国法庭观点”的例证，二者可视为一体，共同对“一些城市的看法”表示怀疑。A.将“以William Alsup为代表的美国法庭怀疑的观点（第五段所述一些城市的观点）”当作其持有的观点。B.与第六段①句“美国法院倒并不一定是对油气公司的责任表示怀疑（not necessarily of the fault of oil and gas）”相悖。D.与第六段①句“美国法院对司法体系解决这一问题的能力表示怀疑（of the abiIlty of the judicial system to address the issue）”相悖。
更多“In June,California department of forestry and fire protection determined that 12 devastating fires that struck Northern California tate last year were the result of trees coming into contact with pow”相关问题
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第1题：
All the trees()last summer.A、plantes
B、are planting
C、were planted
参考答案：C
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第2题：
In June,California department of forestry and fire protection determined that 12 devastating fires that struck Northern California tate last year were the result of trees coming into contact with power lines or other problems tied to the electric utility PG&E.Thanks to a policy known as inverse conclemnation,the utility could be on the hook for those damages,even if ii is not found to be negligeni.In the past,PG&-E has paid the bills when it was blamed for fires and other damages.But the company now says it cannot keep footing the bill so long as climate change continues to increase the likelihood of fires.Millions of trees have died across California after years of intense drought.creating vast quantities of fuel that allow fires to burn faster and over greater clistances-all combined with higher temperatures.It has pushed to raise electricity rates to pay for tlie clamage.Meanwhile.state officials are pushing a change in the law.Governor Jerry Brown proposed a new plan ihat would allow a court to decide whether the utility acted"reasonably"before forcing the company to pay claims."Costly wildfires and natural disasters have the poiential to undermine the sysiem*"Brown told legislators."leaving our energy sector in a state of weakness at a time when it shoulcl be making even greater investments in safety."Within the U.S.,the debate over liability for climate change has taken several forms.On the fecleral level,proactive policymakers have pushed to rework the National Flood Insurance Program（NFIP）,which pays people to rebuild their homes after floods-even in areas where damage is likely to strike again.In effect,that program,which is more than$20 billion in clebt,put.s the burden of climate-change-related natural disasters in the hands of the U.S.government ancl the taxpayer.Infrastructure experts have also pushed the government to rethink its post disaster funding to require climate change preparedness measures.A group of pioneering American cities have sought to have the oil-and-gas industry pay for climate-change-relatecl clamages and disaster-prevention measures.A series of lawsuits have blamed the companies for years of polluting the planet while concealing evidence that emissions would contribute to devastaiing climate change.The authorities behind the lawsuits hope that courts will force the industry to pay up.Thus far,U.S.courts have expressed skepticism-not necessarily of the fault of oil and gas but of the ability of the judicial system to address the issue."The problem deserves a solution on a more vast scale than can be supplied by a district judge or jury in a public nuisance case,"wrote William Alsup of the U.S.District Court in Northern California.Elsewhere,a large number of litigants have also looked to the courts.Lacking other avenues for addressing the issue,people feeling the impacts of climate change are increasingly Lurning to courts to help find a global answer to a global problem.
According to Paragraphs l and 2,PG&EA.is blamed for multiple intense fires.
B.is found guilty of negligence.
C.is coniributing to climate change.
D.is refusing to pay its current bills.答案：A解析：文章首句指出．加州林业与防火部确定，肆虐加州的12起大火起因是与PG&E相关的树木接触电线等问题，可见A.正确。[解题技巧]B.干扰来自首段末句．但“即便不认定为失职，PG&E也要承担损失”意为“无论PG&．E是否被认定失职，都需要承担损失”，并非“已认定PG&．E失职”。C.颠倒第二段②③句所述因果关系，将”气候变化会加大火灾发生概率以及造成的损失，这超出了PG&E的承受范围”改为“PG&-E加剧了气候变化”。D.将第二段①②句转折错误理解为“过去PG&E支付了账单，但此次却拒绝支付”，而实际上结合③④句可知真实情形为“过去PG&．E支付了账单，此次却提出随着气候变化加大火灾发生概率以及造成的损失、它将无力继续承担，不过实际上该公司已在着手准备当前赔偿”。 -
第3题：
In June,California department of forestry and fire protection determined that 12 devastating fires that struck Northern California tate last year were the result of trees coming into contact with power lines or other problems tied to the electric utility PG&E.Thanks to a policy known as inverse conclemnation,the utility could be on the hook for those damages,even if ii is not found to be negligeni.In the past,PG&-E has paid the bills when it was blamed for fires and other damages.But the company now says it cannot keep footing the bill so long as climate change continues to increase the likelihood of fires.Millions of trees have died across California after years of intense drought.creating vast quantities of fuel that allow fires to burn faster and over greater clistances-all combined with higher temperatures.It has pushed to raise electricity rates to pay for tlie clamage.Meanwhile.state officials are pushing a change in the law.Governor Jerry Brown proposed a new plan ihat would allow a court to decide whether the utility acted"reasonably"before forcing the company to pay claims."Costly wildfires and natural disasters have the poiential to undermine the sysiem*"Brown told legislators."leaving our energy sector in a state of weakness at a time when it shoulcl be making even greater investments in safety."Within the U.S.,the debate over liability for climate change has taken several forms.On the fecleral level,proactive policymakers have pushed to rework the National Flood Insurance Program（NFIP）,which pays people to rebuild their homes after floods-even in areas where damage is likely to strike again.In effect,that program,which is more than$20 billion in clebt,put.s the burden of climate-change-related natural disasters in the hands of the U.S.government ancl the taxpayer.Infrastructure experts have also pushed the government to rethink its post disaster funding to require climate change preparedness measures.A group of pioneering American cities have sought to have the oil-and-gas industry pay for climate-change-relatecl clamages and disaster-prevention measures.A series of lawsuits have blamed the companies for years of polluting the planet while concealing evidence that emissions would contribute to devastaiing climate change.The authorities behind the lawsuits hope that courts will force the industry to pay up.Thus far,U.S.courts have expressed skepticism-not necessarily of the fault of oil and gas but of the ability of the judicial system to address the issue."The problem deserves a solution on a more vast scale than can be supplied by a district judge or jury in a public nuisance case,"wrote William Alsup of the U.S.District Court in Northern California.Elsewhere,a large number of litigants have also looked to the courts.Lacking other avenues for addressing the issue,people feeling the impacts of climate change are increasingly Lurning to courts to help find a global answer to a global problem.
In Jerry Brown's opinion,the right thing to do now is toA.force PG&E to pay for fire damages.
B.determine whether PG&E acted properly.
C.limit the cost of natural disasters.
D.increase investment in the energy sector.答案：B解析：根据题干中人名关键词Jerry Brown定位到第三段。该段指出加州州长Jerry Brown提议了一项新计划·使法庭可在强迫公司PG&E（the company承上指代PG＆E）支付赔偿之前，先确定该公司（the utility同样承上指代PG&．E）的行为是否合理，即：若公司没有不当行为，可降低或免于赔偿。可见B.符合Jerry Brown观点。[解题技巧]A.与②句“在强迫该公司支付灾害索赔之前，先确定它行为是否合理”相悖。C.对③句Costly wildfires and natural disaslers have the potential lo undermine the system过度推导，该句意在说明“不应让高额灾难赔偿毁掉能源部门”，并非“当务之急要控制灾难成本”。D.对③句our energy scctor.…making even greatcr investment断章取义，该内容整体意在说明“不应让能源公司在急需加大安全投入之时·反而因支付巨额赔偿而陷入赢弱状态”，与“对能源部门的投入”无关。 -
第4题：
About how many new homes were sold in June of this year?A.62,000
B.64,000
C.68,000
D.71,000答案：C解析：第三段第二句中说完7月和8月的数据，又说之前几个月的数据一直维持62000左右，因此正确答案是C。 -
第5题：
Forests give us shade,quiet and one of the larder callenges in the fight against climate change.Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce,we are threatening their ability to do so.The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully,there is a way out of this trap-but it involves striking a subtle balance.Helping forests flourish as valuable“carbon sinks”long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now.California is leading the way,as it does on so many climate efforts,in figuring out the details.The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest.This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity.But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture,so they grow and thrive,restoring the forest’s capacity to pull carbon from the air.Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects.The landscape is rendered less easily burnable.Even in the event of a fine,fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent.Already,since 2010,drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California,most of them in 2016 alone,and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020,and 60,000 by 2030-financed from the proceeds of the state’s emissions-permit auctions.That’s only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit,about half a million acres in all,so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels.New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests,but traditionally they’ve focused on wildlife,watersheds and opportunities for recreation.Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon.California’s plan,which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year,should serve as a model.California’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to_______.《》（）A.cultivate more drought-resistant trees
B.reduce the density of some of its forests
C.find more effective ways to kill insects
D.restore its forests quickly after wildfires答案：B解析：根据题干California’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to_______.定位到原文三段第一句The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest.该句大意为森林碳计划的目的是大力减少小树并在森林的部分地方除掉灌木丛。B选项为减少他的森林的密度，因此B选项是正确选项。 -
第6题：
High boots were the ___ for women last year.A.vague
B.vain
C.vogue
D.void答案：C解析：本题考察形近词辨析，题目意为“长筒靴去年在女性中很流行。”A选项意为“模糊的”，B选项意为“徒劳的”，C选项意为“时尚，潮流”，D选项意为“空虚，空间”。根据句意应为长筒靴很流行。
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第7题：
The California region boasts a wide variety of climates and geographical features, rivaling any other area of comparable dimensions. Nearly all but the eastern-edge California Native Americans lived where environmental conditions were favorable, making food relatively accessible. Along the Pacific Coast, they hunted fish and sea mammals by boat. Included were such California tribes as the Chumash, Yurok and Pomo. The Maidu and Pomo principally ate acorns, which have a higher calorie rating than wheat. They pounded the hard nuts with stones and washed out the bitter taste with water.
The Pomo crafted what were arguably the finest baskets in all of indigenous America. They made baskets as small as a thimble and as big as a yard in width. They made watertight baskets for cooking acorn mush and seed gruel, as well as for carrying and storing food. They wove especially beautiful baskets for presents and as offerings to forebears. Some were bedecked with colorful bird feathers and shells. Their skill also was applied to trays, boats, headgear and baby carriers, such as a wickerwork cradleboard in which an infant spent his first year. Their mothers wore hats that resembled bowl-shape baskets.
The California natives lived in communities numbering up to 2,000 with dwellings arrayed in groups. A house consisted of a round frame covered with grass. There was a skylight in the roof and the beds were made on skin-covered frames—each with a partition for privacy. In the center of the floor, they made a cook fire for seeds, nuts, fish and other foods. More than 100 languages flourished in California before European contact; most are gone today.
What is the Pomo good at 查看材料A.Making baskets.
B.Hunting for food.
C.Taking care of babies.
D.Making presents.答案：A解析：根据文章第二段第一句“The Pomo crafted what were arguably the finest baskets in all of indigenous America”可知．Pomo制作的篮子被认为在美国本土地区是最好的，故A正确。 -
第8题：
The California region boasts a wide variety of climates and geographical features, rivaling any other area of comparable dimensions. Nearly all but the eastern-edge California Native Americans lived where environmental conditions were favorable, making food relatively accessible. Along the Pacific Coast, they hunted fish and sea mammals by boat. Included were such California tribes as the Chumash, Yurok and Pomo. The Maidu and Pomo principally ate acorns, which have a higher calorie rating than wheat. They pounded the hard nuts with stones and washed out the bitter taste with water.
The Pomo crafted what were arguably the finest baskets in all of indigenous America. They made baskets as small as a thimble and as big as a yard in width. They made watertight baskets for cooking acorn mush and seed gruel, as well as for carrying and storing food. They wove especially beautiful baskets for presents and as offerings to forebears. Some were bedecked with colorful bird feathers and shells. Their skill also was applied to trays, boats, headgear and baby carriers, such as a wickerwork cradleboard in which an infant spent his first year. Their mothers wore hats that resembled bowl-shape baskets.
The California natives lived in communities numbering up to 2,000 with dwellings arrayed in groups. A house consisted of a round frame covered with grass. There was a skylight in the roof and the beds were made on skin-covered frames—each with a partition for privacy. In the center of the floor, they made a cook fire for seeds, nuts, fish and other foods. More than 100 languages flourished in California before European contact; most are gone today.
What does the California region take pride in 查看材料A.Baskets and houses.
B.Climates and geographical features.
C.Handicraft and colorful languages.
D.California tribes and their cultures.答案：B解析：根据文章第一段第一句“The California region boasts a wide variety of climates and geo—graphical features…”可知。加利福尼亚地区自夸自己有各种各样的气候和地理特征，故B正确。 -
第9题：
This year's sales in many companies were lower than （）.
- A、lat year's
- B、which of last year's
- C、last year
- D、in last year
正确答案:A -
第10题：
单选题Frank moved to California last summer and______there since then.Ahas stayed
Bstayed
Cis staying
Dstays
正确答案： B解析： -
第11题：
问答题Practice 4 As I mentioned last week, I’ve recently returned from Australia. While I was there, I visited a eucalyptus forest that, in February, was the scene of an appalling wildfire. Perhaps naively, I had expected to find that many trees had been killed. They hadn’t. They had blackened bark, but were otherwise looking rather well, many of them wreathed in new young leaves. This prompted me to consider fire and the role it plays as a force of nature. Fossil charcoals tell us that wildfires have been part of life on Earth for as long as there have been plants on land. That’s more than 400 million years of fire. Fire was here long before arriviste plants like grasses; it pre-dated the first flowers. And without wanting to get mystical about it, fire is, in many respects, a kind of animal, albeit an ethereal one. Like any animal, it consumes oxygen. Like a sheep or a slug, it eats plants. But unlike a normal animal, it’s a shape-shifter. Sometimes, it merely nibbles a few leaves; sometimes it kills grown trees. Sometimes it is more deadly and destructive than a swarm of locusts. The shape-shifting nature of fire makes it hard to study, for it is not a single entity. Some fires are infernally hot; others, relatively cool. Some stay at ground level; others climb trees. Moreover, fire is much more likely to appear in some parts of the world than in others. Satellite images of the Earth show that wildfires are rare in, say, northern Europe, and common in parts of central Africa and Australia. (These days many wildfires are started by humans, either on purpose or by accident. But long before our ancestors began to throw torches or cigarette butts, fires were started by lightning strikes, or by sparks given off when rocks rub together in an avalanche.) Once a fire gets started, many factors contribute to how it will behave. The weather obviously has a huge effect: winds can fan flames, rains can quench them. The lie of the land matters, too: fire runs uphill more readily than it goes down. But another crucial factor is what type of plants the fire has to eat. It’s common knowledge that plants regularly exposed to fire tend to have features that help them cope with it—such as thick bark, or seeds that only grow after being exposed to intense heat or smoke. But what is less often remarked on is that the plants themselves affect the nature and severity of fire.正确答案：
【参考译文】
上周提起,我刚从澳大利亚回来。在那儿,我参观了一片桉树林,那片树林二月刚刚遭受一次骇人的野火肆虐。也许是因为我还有些天真,曾以为会发现许多树被烧死。但它们却没死。树皮烧黑了,不过看上去还好,有许多树还长出了新的嫩叶。这种现象让我想到了火与它作为一种自然力的作用。
木炭化石告诉我们,自陆地上有了植物,野火就一直是地球上生物的一部分,也就是说,火的历史要在4亿年以上。早在草这类生长迅猛的植物存在之前,火就已经存在了;而在第一束花朵出现之前也早已有了火。不必把火想得很神秘,火,在很多方面,就像是一种动物,尽管飘忽不定、难以捉摸。和其他动物一样,火消耗氧气,像一只绵羊或蛞蝓一样吞食植物。但和正常动物又不同,有着捉摸不定的形态。有时仅仅轻咬几片叶子,有时却能吞噬参天大树。有时比蝗灾更致命,破坏性更大。
火的这种形态捉摸不定的性质让研究更加困难了,因为它并非单一的整体。有些火炙热可怕;有些火则温度相对较低。有些火在地面上燃烧;另一些则会窜上大树。此外,世界上有些地方更容易出现火灾。地球的卫星图像显示,欧洲北部很少出现野火,而在非洲中部的一些地方和澳大利亚则常有野火。(近年来很多野外火灾是人为的,要么是故意,要么是偶然。但在我们的祖先扔火把或烟蒂之前的很长一段时间,火灾是由闪电或雪崩中乱石摩擦引起的。)
一旦起火,就会有许多影响火势的因素。显然,天气对火势有着极大的影响:风助火势、雨灭火威。火势也受地形的影响:火易顺山而上,而非沿坡向下。另一个关键因素就是:火易吞噬哪类植物。
有一项常识:经常遭大火肆虐的植物具备助于它们应对火灾的特性——如厚厚的树皮或只有经过烈火和烟熏才会生长的种子。但人们并不太注意,这些植物本身就影响了火的性质及火势。解析： 暂无解析 -
第12题：
单选题We planted ______ trees last year.Ahundreds of
Bhundred of
Cfive hundreds
Dfive hundred of
正确答案： A解析：
考查数词的用法。句意：去年我们种了成百上千棵树。hundred与of连用表示约数时，后面必须加-s，且不可与数词连用。hundreds of意为“成百上千的”，所以选择答案A。 -
第13题：
_________ of the accident last year, he had to lie in bed for 3 months.A、For a result
B、In a result
C、With a result
D、As a result
正确答案:D
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第14题：
In June,California department of forestry and fire protection determined that 12 devastating fires that struck Northern California tate last year were the result of trees coming into contact with power lines or other problems tied to the electric utility PG&E.Thanks to a policy known as inverse conclemnation,the utility could be on the hook for those damages,even if ii is not found to be negligeni.In the past,PG&-E has paid the bills when it was blamed for fires and other damages.But the company now says it cannot keep footing the bill so long as climate change continues to increase the likelihood of fires.Millions of trees have died across California after years of intense drought.creating vast quantities of fuel that allow fires to burn faster and over greater clistances-all combined with higher temperatures.It has pushed to raise electricity rates to pay for tlie clamage.Meanwhile.state officials are pushing a change in the law.Governor Jerry Brown proposed a new plan ihat would allow a court to decide whether the utility acted"reasonably"before forcing the company to pay claims."Costly wildfires and natural disasters have the poiential to undermine the sysiem*"Brown told legislators."leaving our energy sector in a state of weakness at a time when it shoulcl be making even greater investments in safety."Within the U.S.,the debate over liability for climate change has taken several forms.On the fecleral level,proactive policymakers have pushed to rework the National Flood Insurance Program（NFIP）,which pays people to rebuild their homes after floods-even in areas where damage is likely to strike again.In effect,that program,which is more than$20 billion in clebt,put.s the burden of climate-change-related natural disasters in the hands of the U.S.government ancl the taxpayer.Infrastructure experts have also pushed the government to rethink its post disaster funding to require climate change preparedness measures.A group of pioneering American cities have sought to have the oil-and-gas industry pay for climate-change-relatecl clamages and disaster-prevention measures.A series of lawsuits have blamed the companies for years of polluting the planet while concealing evidence that emissions would contribute to devastaiing climate change.The authorities behind the lawsuits hope that courts will force the industry to pay up.Thus far,U.S.courts have expressed skepticism-not necessarily of the fault of oil and gas but of the ability of the judicial system to address the issue."The problem deserves a solution on a more vast scale than can be supplied by a district judge or jury in a public nuisance case,"wrote William Alsup of the U.S.District Court in Northern California.Elsewhere,a large number of litigants have also looked to the courts.Lacking other avenues for addressing the issue,people feeling the impacts of climate change are increasingly Lurning to courts to help find a global answer to a global problem.
Which of the following is the best title of the text?A.Who pays for climate change damage?
B.What causes devastating natural disasters?
C.Should oil and gas companies pay for greenhouse gas emissions?
D.Should governments stress disaster prevention or disaster recovery?答案：A解析：本文第一至三段讲述加州案例：加州大火频发、损失巨大，按照一项现有政策，PG&．E应为损失买单，但该公司提出气候变暖使得自然灾害无论是爆发的概率还是造成的损失都在增大，自己已无力承担，政府官员也在寻求法律改变以解决问题。第四至六段提出就“谁为气候变化负责”的争论已有数种形式，并具体阐述政策制定者、某些城市、法庭等多方观点。末段作者提出，受到气候变化冲击的人们在缺乏解决途径时日益转向求助法庭，以期就一个全球问题得到全面的答案。可见A.为全文关注问题，是恰当标题。[解题技巧]B.错误有二：首先将文章关注范围“气候变暖引发的自然灾害”扩大为“（一切）自然灾害”；其次，文章并非具体讨论灾害成因，而是谁该为灾害买单。C.过窄，虽然能概括第四、五段内容，但无力概括全篇，尤其是第三段。D.利用文中具体表述climate change preparedness、rebuild their homes after floods等设置干扰，但偏离文章内容，文章并未具体讨论灾难的预防和修复。 -
第15题：
About how many new homes were sold in June of this year?A.62,000
B.64,000
C.68,000
D.71,000答案：C解析：第三段第二句中说完7月和8月的数据，又说之前几个月的数据一直维持62000左右，因此正确答案是C。 -
第16题：
Forests give us shade,quiet and one of the larder callenges in the fight against climate change.Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce,we are threatening their ability to do so.The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully,there is a way out of this trap-but it involves striking a subtle balance.Helping forests flourish as valuable“carbon sinks”long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now.California is leading the way,as it does on so many climate efforts,in figuring out the details.The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest.This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity.But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture,so they grow and thrive,restoring the forest’s capacity to pull carbon from the air.Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects.The landscape is rendered less easily burnable.Even in the event of a fine,fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent.Already,since 2010,drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California,most of them in 2016 alone,and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020,and 60,000 by 2030-financed from the proceeds of the state’s emissions-permit auctions.That’s only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit,about half a million acres in all,so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels.New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests,but traditionally they’ve focused on wildlife,watersheds and opportunities for recreation.Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon.California’s plan,which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year,should serve as a model.To maintain forests as valuable“carbon sinks,”we may need to_______.《》（）A.preserve the diversity of species in them
B.accelerate the growth of young trees
C.strike a balance among different plants
D.lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity答案：D解析： -
第17题：
Forests give us shade,quiet and one of the larder callenges in the fight against climate change.Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce,we are threatening their ability to do so.The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully,there is a way out of this trap-but it involves striking a subtle balance.Helping forests flourish as valuable“carbon sinks”long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now.California is leading the way,as it does on so many climate efforts,in figuring out the details.The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest.This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity.But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture,so they grow and thrive,restoring the forest’s capacity to pull carbon from the air.Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects.The landscape is rendered less easily burnable.Even in the event of a fine,fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent.Already,since 2010,drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California,most of them in 2016 alone,and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020,and 60,000 by 2030-financed from the proceeds of the state’s emissions-permit auctions.That’s only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit,about half a million acres in all,so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels.New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests,but traditionally they’ve focused on wildlife,watersheds and opportunities for recreation.Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon.California’s plan,which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year,should serve as a model.
What is essential to California’s plan according to Paragraph 5?《》（）A.To handle the areas in serious danger first.
B.To carry it out before the year of 2020.
C.To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.
D.To obtain enough financial support.答案：A解析：根据题干What is essential to California’s plan according to Paragraph 5?定位到原文第五段第二句That’s only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit,about half a million acres in all,so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought第二句中的so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.含义为：重要的是要优先考虑火灾和干旱风险大的地区，A选项意为首先处理处于有严重危险的地方，因此答案为A选项。 -
第18题：
The California region boasts a wide variety of climates and geographical features, rivaling any other area of comparable dimensions. Nearly all but the eastern-edge California Native Americans lived where environmental conditions were favorable, making food relatively accessible. Along the Pacific Coast, they hunted fish and sea mammals by boat. Included were such California tribes as the Chumash, Yurok and Pomo. The Maidu and Pomo principally ate acorns, which have a higher calorie rating than wheat. They pounded the hard nuts with stones and washed out the bitter taste with water.
The Pomo crafted what were arguably the finest baskets in all of indigenous America. They made baskets as small as a thimble and as big as a yard in width. They made watertight baskets for cooking acorn mush and seed gruel, as well as for carrying and storing food. They wove especially beautiful baskets for presents and as offerings to forebears. Some were bedecked with colorful bird feathers and shells. Their skill also was applied to trays, boats, headgear and baby carriers, such as a wickerwork cradleboard in which an infant spent his first year. Their mothers wore hats that resembled bowl-shape baskets.
The California natives lived in communities numbering up to 2,000 with dwellings arrayed in groups. A house consisted of a round frame covered with grass. There was a skylight in the roof and the beds were made on skin-covered frames—each with a partition for privacy. In the center of the floor, they made a cook fire for seeds, nuts, fish and other foods. More than 100 languages flourished in California before European contact; most are gone today.
How many of California tribes are mentioned in the passage 查看材料A.Two.
B.Three.
C.Four.
D.Five.答案：C解析：根据文章第一段第四句和第五句，可知文中提到了Chumash，Yurok，Pom0还有Maidu，共4个部落．故选C。 -
第19题：
The California region boasts a wide variety of climates and geographical features, rivaling any other area of comparable dimensions. Nearly all but the eastern-edge California Native Americans lived where environmental conditions were favorable, making food relatively accessible. Along the Pacific Coast, they hunted fish and sea mammals by boat. Included were such California tribes as the Chumash, Yurok and Pomo. The Maidu and Pomo principally ate acorns, which have a higher calorie rating than wheat. They pounded the hard nuts with stones and washed out the bitter taste with water.
The Pomo crafted what were arguably the finest baskets in all of indigenous America. They made baskets as small as a thimble and as big as a yard in width. They made watertight baskets for cooking acorn mush and seed gruel, as well as for carrying and storing food. They wove especially beautiful baskets for presents and as offerings to forebears. Some were bedecked with colorful bird feathers and shells. Their skill also was applied to trays, boats, headgear and baby carriers, such as a wickerwork cradleboard in which an infant spent his first year. Their mothers wore hats that resembled bowl-shape baskets.
The California natives lived in communities numbering up to 2,000 with dwellings arrayed in groups. A house consisted of a round frame covered with grass. There was a skylight in the roof and the beds were made on skin-covered frames—each with a partition for privacy. In the center of the floor, they made a cook fire for seeds, nuts, fish and other foods. More than 100 languages flourished in California before European contact; most are gone today.
From the passage we know that their houses were查看材料A.round and strong
B.very dark
C.made of only grass
D.built in groups答案：D解析：根据文章最后一段第一句“The California natives lived in communities numbering up to2．000 with dwellings arrayed in groups”，加利福尼亚本土居民居住在一个有2 000住宅的社区中，这个社区的住 宅都是按组排列的。故D正确。 -
第20题：
The California region boasts a wide variety of climates and geographical features, rivaling any other area of comparable dimensions. Nearly all but the eastern-edge California Native Americans lived where environmental conditions were favorable, making food relatively accessible. Along the Pacific Coast, they hunted fish and sea mammals by boat. Included were such California tribes as the Chumash, Yurok and Pomo. The Maidu and Pomo principally ate acorns, which have a higher calorie rating than wheat. They pounded the hard nuts with stones and washed out the bitter taste with water.
The Pomo crafted what were arguably the finest baskets in all of indigenous America. They made baskets as small as a thimble and as big as a yard in width. They made watertight baskets for cooking acorn mush and seed gruel, as well as for carrying and storing food. They wove especially beautiful baskets for presents and as offerings to forebears. Some were bedecked with colorful bird feathers and shells. Their skill also was applied to trays, boats, headgear and baby carriers, such as a wickerwork cradleboard in which an infant spent his first year. Their mothers wore hats that resembled bowl-shape baskets.
The California natives lived in communities numbering up to 2,000 with dwellings arrayed in groups. A house consisted of a round frame covered with grass. There was a skylight in the roof and the beds were made on skin-covered frames—each with a partition for privacy. In the center of the floor, they made a cook fire for seeds, nuts, fish and other foods. More than 100 languages flourished in California before European contact; most are gone today.
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage 查看材料A.There are over 100 languages in California now.
B.There were nearly 2,000 houses in a community.
C.The Pomo mainly fed on acorns as well as the Maidu.
D.All California native Americans lived in environmental places.答案：C解析：根据文章最后一句，“More than l00 languages flourished in California before European contact：most are gone today．”可知，在欧洲语言交流出现之前，加利福尼亚地区有100多种语言，但是今天在这些语言中大部分都消失了，即现在加利福尼亚地区的大部分语言都不存在了，故排除A。文中最后一段第一句说“The California natives lived in communities numbering up to 2，000 with dwellings…”，加利福尼亚本土居民居住在一个有2 000多住所的社区，这里是说本土居民居住的社区，并不是说任意一个社区都有2 000多个房子，故B错。根据文章第一段倒数第二句话，“The Maidn and Pomo principally ate acorns…”可知，Maidu和Pomo的人一样，他们的主要食物是橡树果，故C正确。根据文章第一段第二句“Nearly all but the eastern—edge California Nailve Americans hved where environmental conditions were favorable…”“除了东部加利福尼亚本地美国人。几乎所有的加利福尼亚本士居民都生活在一个环境条件相对优越的地方……”可知，并不是所有加利福尼亚本土居民都生活在环境条件优越的地方，故排除D。 -
第21题：
单选题This year's sales in many companies were lower than （）.Alat year's
Bwhich of last year's
Clast year
Din last year
正确答案： A解析： 暂无解析 -
第22题：
单选题Frank moved to California last summer and _____ there since then.Ahas stayed
Bstayed
Cis staying
Dstays
正确答案： A解析：
句意：弗兰克去年夏天搬到加利福尼亚，从那时起他一直待在那里。考查现在完成时态。since＋过去的时间点，要与现在完成时态连用，表示过去发生的事情持续到现在的状态，或是对现在的影响。此题表示的是：从搬家起就一直住在加利福利亚，直到现在，所以要用has stayed。因此此题选A。 -
第23题：
单选题Why did Russia have so many fires in one month in 2010?ABecause lightening spread the fire.
BBecause there was much fuel for fires.
CBecause there were not enough firefighters.
DBecause it was unusually hot, dry and windy.
正确答案： A解析：
【文章大意】本文主要分析了造成现在越来越多的地区发生森林火灾的原因，并强调有控制的森林火是有必要的，有助于促进植被的更新。
细节推断题。根据文章第二段倒数第三句“In 2010, Russia had the hottest and driest summer in a century”可知，2010年俄罗斯发生多次火灾的原因是天气炎热，气候干燥，故选择D项。