These attempts are usually resisted by powerful people who（ ）from the status quo（社会现状）,and it is often difficult for social movement participants to use the accepted and legal means of producing social change（such as the courts and political institutions）

Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding"yes!"___1__helping you feel close and__2___to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a___3__of health benefits to your body and minD.Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you__4___getting sick this winter.In a recent study___5__over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs___6__the participants'susceptibility（敏感性）to developing the common cold after being___7__to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come___8__with a cold,and the researchers__9___that the stress-reducing effects of hugging___10__about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.___11__among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe__12___."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the___13__risk for colds that's usually__14___with stress,"notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging"is a marker of intimacy and helps__15___the feeling that others are there to help___16__difficulty."Some experts___17__the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin（后叶催产素）,often called"the bonding hormone"__18___it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mothers and their newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain,and some of it is released into the bloodstream.But some of it___19__in the brain,where it__20___mood,behavior and physiology.11选？

A.Thus
B.Still
C.Rather
D.Even

共用题干
15 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety Disorder
Social anxiety disorder prevents some 15 million Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives,a new survey finds.
The disorder leaves many isolated,ashamed and often misdiagnosed.Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorder have symptoms for 10 years or more before seeking help,the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports.
“Social anxiety disorder is when somebody has an intense,persistent and irrational fear of social or performance situations,”Jerilyn Ross,the association's president and CEO,said during a teleconference Wednesday.
“The condition causes people to avoid common,everyday situations and even other people for fear of being judged or criticized or humiliated or embarrassing themselves,”Ross said.
Social anxiety disorder can interfere with daily routines and job performance,Ross noted.“It also makes it very difficult for people to develop friends and romantic partnerships,”she said.
People with this disorder recognize their fear is excessive and irrational,Rose noted.“But they feel powerless to do anything about it,”she said.
Social anxiety disorder can start in the early teens,Dr. Mark H.Pollack,director of the Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders and a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medi- cal School,said during the teleconference.
“This is a disorder that starts affecting people early on,”Pollack said.“The typical age of onset is early adolescence,age 12 or 13,and many individuals report a history of anxiety dating back to earlier childhood.”
The disorder also has physical symptoms,including heart palpitations,feelings that their throat will close up,sweating,blushing,faintness,trembling and stammering,Ross said.
Among people with the disorder,75 percent said the condition affected their ability to do nor-mal activities.In addition,69 percent said they didn't want people to think they were crazy,and 58 percent said they were embarrassed by their condition,Ross said.
However,when the condition is diagnosed and treated,many reported improvement in their lives.In fact,59 percent who were receiving treatment said treatment had a positive effect on their ability to have a romantic relationship.In addition,39 percent who had received treatment said knowing that treatment can be successful aided their decision to get help,Ross noted.

Which of the following is not true of the people with social anxiety disorder?
A: They find difficult to make friends.
B: They tend to judge or criticize other people.
C: They are often isolated and ashamed.
D: They frequently fail to get timely treatment.

资料：The movement of consumers from public social media to private messaging has been so rapid that Business Insider reported that the combined usage of the top four messaging apps now exceeds the combined usage of the top four social media apps。Falling data prices，cheaper devices，and improved features are helping propel this growth。
Why the hunger for private messaging apps？ Perhaps people are becoming more interested in actually communicating rather than broadcasting。Maybe we don’t want personal and private lives merging any more and we want control over our different social circles within these messaging apps。As my 16-year-old nephew put it，“My friend posted on Facebook and we made fun of him。We only use Snapchat now because who wants to put everything in public all the time？ This just connects me with my real friends。”
Social media won’t go away，but traditional social networks may become less important to certain groups。The rise of more intimate channels presents new opportunities，and perhaps perils，for marketers。

What is NOT the reason for the growth of private messaging apps？

A.People are tired of social media.
B.App’s improved features.
C.People are demanding for real communication.
D.Cheaper data and devices.

共用题干
13 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety Disorder
Social anxiety disorder prevents some 15 million Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives,a new survey finds.
The disorder leaves many isolated,ashamed and often misdiagnosed. Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorder have symptoms for 10 years or more before seeking help,the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports.
“Social anxiety disorder is when somebody has an intense,persistent and irrational fear of social or performance situations,”Jerilyn Ross,the association's president and CEO,said during a teleconference Wednesday.
“The condition causes people to avoid common,everyday situations and even other people for fear of being judged or criticized or humiliated or embarrassing themselves,”Ross said.
Social anxiety disorder can interfere with daily routines and job performance,Ross noted.“It also makes it very difficult for people to develop friends and romantic partnerships,” she said.
People with this disorder recognize their fear is excessive and irrational,Ross noted. “But they feel powerless to do anything about it,”she said.
Social anxiety disorder can start in the early teens,Dr. Mark H.Pollack,director of the Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders and a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,said during the teleconference.
“This is a disorder that starts affecting people early on,”Pollack said.“The typical age of onset is early adolescence,age 12 or 13,and many individuals report a history of anxiety dating back to earlier childhood.”
The disorder also has physical symptoms,including heart palpitations,feelings that their throat will close up,sweating,blushing,faintness,trembling and stammering,Ross said.
Among people with the disorder,75 percent said the condition affected their ability to do normal activities. In addition,69 percent said they didn't want people to think they were crazy,and 58 percent said they were embarrassed by their condition,Ross said.
However,when the condition is diagnosed and treated,many reported improvement in their lives.In fact,59 percent who were receiving treatment said treatment had a positive effect on their ability to have a romantic relationship.In addition,39 percent who had received treatment said knowing that treatment can be successful aided their decision to get help,Ross noted.

Which is NOT true of people with social anxiety disorder?
A: They're often isolated and ashamed.
B: They find it difficult to make friends.
C: They often fail to get timely treatment.
D: They tend to judge or criticize other people.

Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding"yes!"___1__helping you feel close and__2___to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a___3__of health benefits to your body and minD.Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you__4___getting sick this winter.In a recent study___5__over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs___6__the participants'susceptibility（敏感性）to developing the common cold after being___7__to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come___8__with a cold,and the researchers__9___that the stress-reducing effects of hugging___10__about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.___11__among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe__12___."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the___13__risk for colds that's usually__14___with stress,"notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging"is a marker of intimacy and helps__15___the feeling that others are there to help___16__difficulty."Some experts___17__the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin（后叶催产素）,often called"the bonding hormone"__18___it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mothers and their newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain,and some of it is released into the bloodstream.But some of it___19__in the brain,where it__20___mood,behavior and physiology.6选？

A.on
B.in
C.at
D.of

Text 3 England's problematic vocational education system has been subjected to wave after wave of reform.Yet improving the quality of technical education has eluded governments of all colours.University technical colleges（UTCs）are only the latest example of a shiny innovation that ran on to the rocks.Seven UTCs have now announced they are closing their doors.UTCs were intendecl to provide quality vocational education,combining technical and academic learning,for young people from the age of 14.Despite the millions the government has invested in them,ihey have on the whole been plagued by poor GCSE results and an inability to attract sufficient numbers of young people.Several attempts to establish quality vocational eclucation from 14 have failed.The issues affecting UTCs provide an opportunity to revisit whether this merits continuing support.We should take it.Barely a year passes without a lament about the low status of vocational qualifications.These often fail to recognise the chicken and egg that holds vocational learning back.Its status will only improve when ii is not seen as the preserve of those who have been failed by the school system.But while its status is low,these are the only young people likely to try something unproven and untested.This dynamic means new institutions often replicate the problems of the old seconclary moderns.Young people who attend UTCs are more likely to be from poor backgrounds,have made poor progress in primary school,and have attended secondary schools rated poorly by Ofsted.They are children who have been failed by the school system.In this day and age,there is no such thing as a career that does not require functional literacy and numeracy.Yet drawing low-achieving children out of mixed-ability schooling at age 14 makes them less likely to get the decent GCSEs in maths and English that are so critical in the eyes of employers.Setting up alternative vocational institutions for 14-year-olds thus risks closing down future vocational options,rather than expanding them.Vocational education is often posited as an alternative for those who are not"academically minded",orten a code for those who have disengaged from school.Yet this is far more likely to be a symptom of poor teaching ancl a lack of adequate support rather than a young person's inability to engage with a broad pre-16 curriculum that includes both academic and applied learning.Selection by academic ability at age 11 is wrong.But so i.s backdoor selection by academic ability at 14.The rlght to experience an engaging curriculum and finish school with adequate levels of literacy and numeracy is best achieved by options at 16 not 14.This wili not solve everything;but it is a better basis for ensuring 16-year-olds have the skills they need to flourish in any job.
Students who attend UTCs are often those who_____

A.want to experience quality vocational education
B.get the decent GCSEs in maths and English
C.have poor academic performance in primary school
D.are disappointed with tlie current education system

共用题干
Friendship

Friends play an important part in our lives,and although we may take the fact of
friendship for granted,we often don't clearly understand how we make friends.While we
get on well with a number of people,we are usually friends with only a very few一for
example,the average among students is about 6 per person.
Moreover,a great many relationships come under the blanket term"friendship".In all
cases,two people like each other and enjoy being together,but beyond that,the degree
of intimacy between them and the reasons for their mutual interest vary enormously.
Initially,much depends on how people meet,and on favourable first impressions.As
we get to know people,we take into account things like age,race,physical
attractiveness,economic and social status,and intelligence.Although these factors are
not of prime importance,it is more difficult to relate to people when there is a marked
difference in age and background.
On a more immediate level,we are sensitive to actual behaviour,facial expression,
and tone of voice.Friends will stand closer together and will spend more time looking at
each other than mere acquaintances.Smiles and soft voices also express friendliness,and
it is because they may transmit the wrong signals that shy people often have difficulty in
making friends.A friendly gaze with the wrong facial expression can turn into an aggressive
stare,and nervousness may be misread as hostility.People who do not look one in the eye
are mistrusted when,in fact,they simply lack confidence.
Some relationships thrive on argument and discussion,but it is usual for close friends
to have similar ideas and beliefs,to have attitudes and interests in common一they often talk
about"being on the same wavelength".It generally takes time to reach this point;
sometimes people"click"immediately.The more intimately involved people become, the
more they rely on one another.People want to do friends favours and hate to let them
down.Equally,friends have to learn to make allowances for each other,to put up with
irritating habits,and to tolerate differences of opinion.Imagine going camping with
someone you occasionally meet for a drink!
In contrast with marriage,there are no friendship ceremonies,no rituals to strengthen
the association between two people.But the mutual support and understanding that results
from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond,which can
overcome differences in background,and break down barriers of age,class or race.

The degree of intimacy between friends is largely determined by their social status.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned