Text 1 On January lst the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation did something that may help to change the practice of science.It brought into force a policy,foreshadowed two years earlier,that research it supports must,when published,be freely available to all.On
题目
Text 1 On January lst the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation did something that may help to change the practice of science.It brought into force a policy,foreshadowed two years earlier,that research it supports must,when published,be freely available to all.On March 23rd it followed this up by announcing that iiwill pay the cost of putting such research in one particular repository of freely availablc papers.To a layman,this may sound neither controversial nor ground-breaking.But the crucial word is"freely".It means papers reporting Gates-sponsored research cannot be charged for.No pay walls.No journal subscriptions.That is not a new idea,but the foundation's announcement gives it teeth.It means recipients of Gates'largesse can no longer offer their papers to journals such as Nature,the New England Joiu-na!o[Medicine or the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,since reading the contents ofthese publications costs money.One criticism,in a world where most non-commercial scientific research is sponsored by governments,is that there should be no further charge for reading the results of taxpayer-funded work.Journals,in other words,should have no cover or subscription price.A second is that the process of getting a paper published takes too long.Months-sometimes years-can pass while a hopeful researcher first finds a journal willing to publish,and then waits for peer review and the negotiation of amendments.That keeps others in the field in the dark about new results for longer than is really necessary,and thus slows down the progress of science.Third,though this is less easy to prove,many researchers suspect that anonymous peer review is sometimes exploited by rivals to delay the publication of competitors'papers.Partial solutions to some of these problems have been tried.The Gates foundation is experimenting with carrots,as well as sticks.It has offered the publishers of one top-flight journal,Science$l00,000 to make papers published this year about Gates-sponsored research free to read from the beginning.If this goes well,the experiment may be extended to other publications.Similarly,there is a movement among some publishers to make papers free to the reader by charging the authors for the costs of publication-usually in the range of$2,000-$3,000 per paper.But many now think these are half-measures,and that a real revolution in the idea of scientific publishing is needed.22.The word"Iargesse"（Para.2）is closest in meaning to
A.investment.
B.funding.
C.loan.
D.award
B.funding.
C.loan.
D.award
相似考题
参考答案和解析
答案：B
解析：
词汇理解题。largesse意为“慷慨的赠予，赠款”。通读第二段可知，该词所在的句子与第三句在意思上是并列关系，都阐述了盖茨基金会的资助行动所带来的freely（免费）这一结果的两层含义。由此可知．of Gates'largesse与Gates-sponsored意义相近，进而推出largesse-词意为“提供资金；拨款”，故选B项。【干扰排除】A项“投资”、C项“贷款”和D项“奖励”不能体现文中的含义，故均排除。
更多“Text 1 On January lst the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation did something that may help to change the practice of science.It brought into force a policy,foreshadowed two years earlier,that research it su”相关问题
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第1题：
--- __________?
--- Two years ago.
A. Where did he go
B. How long has he been in America
C. When did he go to America
参考答案：C
-
第2题：
-Where did you go for your holiday?-Two years ago.
A. Right
B. Wrong
参考答案：B
-
第3题：
The certificate will remain in force ______ July lst，2008．
A.in
B.on
C.till
D.to
正确答案：C
-
第4题：
__________ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance.A.A locutionary act
B.An illocutionary act
C.A perlocutionary act
D.A performative act答案：C解析：本题考查言语行为理论。
C选项，言后行为，强调对听话者造成的影响或结果。根据题干中的“resulting from ”和“ consequence”，综上，C选项正确。
A选项，言内行为，强调字面意思，故排除。
B选项，言外行为，强调说话者的目的或意图，故排除。
D选项，并非言语行为理论，故排除。
故正确答案为C。 -
第5题：
Text 1 On January lst the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation did something that may help to change the practice of science.It brought into force a policy,foreshadowed two years earlier,that research it supports must,when published,be freely available to all.On March 23rd it followed this up by announcing that iiwill pay the cost of putting such research in one particular repository of freely availablc papers.To a layman,this may sound neither controversial nor ground-breaking.But the crucial word is"freely".It means papers reporting Gates-sponsored research cannot be charged for.No pay walls.No journal subscriptions.That is not a new idea,but the foundation's announcement gives it teeth.It means recipients of Gates'largesse can no longer offer their papers to journals such as Nature,the New England Joiu-na!o[Medicine or the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,since reading the contents ofthese publications costs money.One criticism,in a world where most non-commercial scientific research is sponsored by governments,is that there should be no further charge for reading the results of taxpayer-funded work.Journals,in other words,should have no cover or subscription price.A second is that the process of getting a paper published takes too long.Months-sometimes years-can pass while a hopeful researcher first finds a journal willing to publish,and then waits for peer review and the negotiation of amendments.That keeps others in the field in the dark about new results for longer than is really necessary,and thus slows down the progress of science.Third,though this is less easy to prove,many researchers suspect that anonymous peer review is sometimes exploited by rivals to delay the publication of competitors'papers.Partial solutions to some of these problems have been tried.The Gates foundation is experimenting with carrots,as well as sticks.It has offered the publishers of one top-flight journal,Science$l00,000 to make papers published this year about Gates-sponsored research free to read from the beginning.If this goes well,the experiment may be extended to other publications.Similarly,there is a movement among some publishers to make papers free to the reader by charging the authors for the costs of publication-usually in the range of$2,000-$3,000 per paper.But many now think these are half-measures,and that a real revolution in the idea of scientific publishing is needed.23.The following are mentioned as criticisms to taxpayer-funded research EXCEPTA.the unwillingness of many researchers to publish the original data.
B.the peer review process having failed to do what it should.
C.much long cycle for a paper to get published.
D.the demand of free access to scientific papers.答案：A解析：事实细节题。根据题干定位到文章第三段，该段讲到三个评论，但未提到A项，故选A项。【干扰排除】第三段讲到的三个评论分别为：阅读纳税人资助的研究结果不应当再次收费；论文出版的过程非常漫长；匿名的同行审阅过程有时会被竞争对手利用以延迟论文的出版时间。分别对应D、C、B三项，故均排除。 -
第6题：
How long did it take for the account to be cleared?A.Two months
B.Six months
C.One year
D.Two years答案：B解析：根据两封邮件的内容和时间可知3月31日起开始支付，到9月3日付清，答案为B。 -
第7题：
When did the Australian Constitution take effect？( )A.1 January，1900
B.1 January，1901
C.26 January，1801
D.26 January，1800答案：B解析：考查澳大利亚宪法。澳大利亚宪法生效的时间为1901年1月1日，其余选项均不正确。 -
第8题：
单选题What did the writer want her mother to do earlier that day?ADo something delicious for lunch.
BTaste her bad lunch.
CDismiss the mad cook.
DSpeak to the school about lunch.
正确答案： C解析：
根据第三段“Earlier that day I had begged my mother to do something about the bad lunches that were served at school.”结合倒数第二段妈妈知道饭菜确实不好吃后的反应和最后一句“mother stated firmly that she would take up the matter of lunches at school the next day!”可推知，我那天早些时候求妈妈向学校反映一下午饭不好吃的问题，D项符合文意。由后文可知作者家的饭菜是由厨师做的，不是妈妈做的，故A项错误；B项是作者计划的一部分，不是作者直接向妈妈要求的，故为错误选项；文章未提及要解雇厨师，故C项错误。 -
第9题：
多选题Which two statements are true with regard to policy ordering? （）(Choose two.)AThe last policy is the default policy, which allows all traffic.
BThe order of policies is not important.
CNew policies are placed at the end of the policy list.
DThe insert command can be used to change the order.
正确答案： B,D解析： 暂无解析 -
第10题：
问答题Directions: In this part of the test, you will write ONE sentence that is based on a picture. With each picture, you will be given TWO words or phrases that you must use in your sentence. You can change the forms of the words and you can use the words in any order. Your sentences will be scored on:•the appropriate use of grammar and•the relevance of the sentence to the pictureYou will have 8 minutes to complete this part of the test.Practice 1Directions: Write ONE sentence based on the picture, using the TWO words or phrases beneath it. You may change the forms of the words and you may use them, in any order.正确答案： (1) In the picture, two airplanes are by the field.
(2) The airplane is by another plane.
(3) I see a field by the airplane.
(4) Many trees are by the airplanes and the buildings.
(5) There are two airplanes parked by the field解析： 暂无解析 -
第11题：
单选题What is the teacher doing by saying this in terms of instruction? “Now, did the questions help you understand the text better?” _____ABbserving the activity
BEvaluating the activity
CMonitoring the activity
DControlling the activity
正确答案： D解析：
让学生做题是教师在对教学活动做评价。 -
第12题：
单选题The certificate will remain in force （）July lst,2008.Ain
Bon
Ctill
Dto
正确答案： D解析： 暂无解析 -
第13题：
--- ____
-- Two years ago,
A. Where did you go
B. Do you like Japan
C. When did you visit Japan
参考答案：C
-
第14题：
Which two statements are true with regard to policy ordering? ()(Choose two.)A. The last policy is the default policy, which allows all traffic.
B. The order of policies is not important.
C. New policies are placed at the end of the policy list.
D. The insert command can be used to change the order.
参考答案：C, D
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第15题：
__________ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance.A.A locutionary act
B.An illocutionary act
C.A perlocutionary act
D.A performative act答案：C解析：本题考查言语行为理论。
C选项，言后行为，强调对听话者造成的影响或结果。根据题干中的“resulting from ”和“ consequence”，综上，C选项正确。
A选项，言内行为，强调字面意思，故排除。
B选项，言外行为，强调说话者的目的或意图，故排除。
D选项，并非言语行为理论，故排除。
故正确答案为C。 -
第16题：
Text 1 On January lst the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation did something that may help to change the practice of science.It brought into force a policy,foreshadowed two years earlier,that research it supports must,when published,be freely available to all.On March 23rd it followed this up by announcing that iiwill pay the cost of putting such research in one particular repository of freely availablc papers.To a layman,this may sound neither controversial nor ground-breaking.But the crucial word is"freely".It means papers reporting Gates-sponsored research cannot be charged for.No pay walls.No journal subscriptions.That is not a new idea,but the foundation's announcement gives it teeth.It means recipients of Gates'largesse can no longer offer their papers to journals such as Nature,the New England Joiu-na!o[Medicine or the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,since reading the contents ofthese publications costs money.One criticism,in a world where most non-commercial scientific research is sponsored by governments,is that there should be no further charge for reading the results of taxpayer-funded work.Journals,in other words,should have no cover or subscription price.A second is that the process of getting a paper published takes too long.Months-sometimes years-can pass while a hopeful researcher first finds a journal willing to publish,and then waits for peer review and the negotiation of amendments.That keeps others in the field in the dark about new results for longer than is really necessary,and thus slows down the progress of science.Third,though this is less easy to prove,many researchers suspect that anonymous peer review is sometimes exploited by rivals to delay the publication of competitors'papers.Partial solutions to some of these problems have been tried.The Gates foundation is experimenting with carrots,as well as sticks.It has offered the publishers of one top-flight journal,Science$l00,000 to make papers published this year about Gates-sponsored research free to read from the beginning.If this goes well,the experiment may be extended to other publications.Similarly,there is a movement among some publishers to make papers free to the reader by charging the authors for the costs of publication-usually in the range of$2,000-$3,000 per paper.But many now think these are half-measures,and that a real revolution in the idea of scientific publishing is needed.21.To support academic publication,Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation willA.set up a new foundation to disseminate scientific papers.
B.transmit scientific papers through new means.
C.burden the publication expense ofits funding papers.
D.support more research works.答案：C解析：事实细节题。根据题干可定位于文章第一段，原文是说，“基金会会将这些论文放在一个特定的可免费读取的论文库中，并承担所产生的费用”。由该句可知，盖茨基金会设立的最主要的目的就是资助一些研究内容让它们可以免费发表。故选C项。【干扰排除】A项“建立一个新的基金会来传播科学论文”、B项“通过新方式来传播科学论文”、D项“支持更多的研究工作”原文中均未提到，故均排除。 -
第17题：
Text 1 On January lst the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation did something that may help to change the practice of science.It brought into force a policy,foreshadowed two years earlier,that research it supports must,when published,be freely available to all.On March 23rd it followed this up by announcing that iiwill pay the cost of putting such research in one particular repository of freely availablc papers.To a layman,this may sound neither controversial nor ground-breaking.But the crucial word is"freely".It means papers reporting Gates-sponsored research cannot be charged for.No pay walls.No journal subscriptions.That is not a new idea,but the foundation's announcement gives it teeth.It means recipients of Gates'largesse can no longer offer their papers to journals such as Nature,the New England Joiu-na!o[Medicine or the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,since reading the contents ofthese publications costs money.One criticism,in a world where most non-commercial scientific research is sponsored by governments,is that there should be no further charge for reading the results of taxpayer-funded work.Journals,in other words,should have no cover or subscription price.A second is that the process of getting a paper published takes too long.Months-sometimes years-can pass while a hopeful researcher first finds a journal willing to publish,and then waits for peer review and the negotiation of amendments.That keeps others in the field in the dark about new results for longer than is really necessary,and thus slows down the progress of science.Third,though this is less easy to prove,many researchers suspect that anonymous peer review is sometimes exploited by rivals to delay the publication of competitors'papers.Partial solutions to some of these problems have been tried.The Gates foundation is experimenting with carrots,as well as sticks.It has offered the publishers of one top-flight journal,Science$l00,000 to make papers published this year about Gates-sponsored research free to read from the beginning.If this goes well,the experiment may be extended to other publications.Similarly,there is a movement among some publishers to make papers free to the reader by charging the authors for the costs of publication-usually in the range of$2,000-$3,000 per paper.But many now think these are half-measures,and that a real revolution in the idea of scientific publishing is needed.24.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.Publishers will burden the cost of publication.
B.Readers will still pay for reading scientific papers.
C.More thorough approaches are still expected.
D.There is no solution to this problem.答案：C解析：推理判断题。最后一段最后一句提到，“但是，很多人认为这只是权宜之计，科学出版界需要一场真正的革命”。C项是对原文的同义改写，故选C项。【干扰排除】A项“出版商将会承担出版费用”，通过最后一段并不能推理出，文中提到“一些出版商也开始对作者收取出版费用，从而使得读者能够免费阅读”，并未提到出版商自己会承担出版费用，故排除；B项“渎者仍然需要付费来阅读科学论文”，该论断本身没有错，但是通过最后一段不能推出，而读者付费恰恰是这篇文章需要解决的问题，故排除；D项“这个问题没有办法解决”从文中不能推出，议论文不可能对所探讨的主题毫无解决办法，故排除。 -
第18题：
While the preliminary research is favorable, it may take years for Bogor Pharmacouticals to develop ____ evidence of the drug’s effectiveness.A.conclusion
B.conclude
C.conclusive
D.concludes答案：C解析：四个选项为同一词根、不同词性的词。A选项是名词，意为“结论、结局”；B选项是动词，意为“推断、决定”；C选项是形容词，意为“决定性的，最后的”；D选项为动词conclude的第三人称单数形式。题目意为“虽然初步的研究结果是有利的，但茂物制药可能需要数年时间才能发现药物有效性的____证据。”根据句子可以判断出，此处需要的是一个形容词来修饰evidence，因此选C，最后的证据。
-
第19题：
The policy the United States actually pursued in the first two years of WWI was（）
Aimpartial neutrality
Bpartial neutrality
Cfirm support of the Allies
DPro-Ally partial neutrality
D
略 -
第20题：
单选题Why does the author say that the important part of this research began when two Harvard researchers were brought in?AUntil then the research had been poorly conducted.
BThey took a multifaceted approach.
CThe results of the original research did not make sense.
DHarvard had a good reputation in conducting research.
正确答案： A解析：
本题是推断题。第一段最后两句提到：当Elton Mayo and Fritz Roethlisberger这两个来自哈佛的研究人员参与进来进一步研究这些没有预料的结果时，他们发现了这一试验的重要部分，即工人们对照明水平没有什么反应，却对被实施研究者的观察产生很大的反应。这个发现推翻了原有的“照明是最重要的”的假设，而带来了后面所说的“霍桑效应”这个新发现，所以作者认为这两个人的参与使得这一研究进行了多方面研究，而不是局限在原来设想的照明、温度、湿度等方面；因此B为答案。 -
第21题：
问答题Americans are geographically mobile, and many learn to developfriendships easily and quickly. Approximately one of every five 1．______Americans families moves every year. People relocated because theychange jobs, to attend distant colleges, get married, have children, 2．______and simply want a change in their lives. Perhaps 3．______as consequence, people sometimes form and end friendships quickly. 4．______Students who attend two or three universities for their undergraduate and 5．______graduate years may change their “circle of friends” several times. Likewise, 6．______people who change their jobs, while keep one or two friends from 7．______the original place of employment, may also change their circle of friends.Relationships based on a common activity may fade or endwhen the activity end. Mothers may meet while dropping their children 8．______off at nursery school and remain friends as their kids go to different 9．______schools. The same hold true for neighbors who are closest of 10．______friends until one moves away.正确答案：
1.one后面加out。 每五个中有一个的表达方式是one out of/in five。
2.去掉to。 前后并列成分,形式应一致。
3.and改成or。 表示选择关系的并列应用or。
4.as后面加a。 as a consequence因此,结果。
5.for改成during。 for强调持续了一段时间,而during强调一段时间之内。
6.√
7.keep改成keeping 。 while引导的从句中,此处省略主语,谓语动词用现在分词表示主动关系。
8.end改成ends。 主语为the activity,谓语应为第三人称单数。
9.as改成until。 文中强调各种变化带来的朋友关系的变化,意思是“她们维持着朋友关系直到孩子去上不同的学校。”
10.hold改成holds。 根据上文,主语为the same,谓语应为第三人称单数。解析： 暂无解析 -
第22题：
单选题In writing,students may not know how to put something into proper English and thus ask their teacher for help.Here the teacher is to play the role of a/an .Afacilitator
Bassessor
Ccontroller
Dparticipant
正确答案： C解析： -
第23题：
问答题Americans are geographically mobile, and many learn to developfriendships easily and quickly. Approximately one of every five (1)____Americans families moves every year. People relocated because theychange jobs, to attend distant colleges, get married, have children, (2)____and simply want a change in their lives. Perhaps (3)____as consequence, people sometimes form and end friendships quickly. (4)____Students who attend two or three universities for their undergraduate and (5)____graduate years may change their “circle of friends” several times. Likely, (6)____people who change their jobs, while keep one or two friends from (7)____the original place of employment, may also change their circle of friends. Relationships based on a common activity may fade or endwhen the activity end. Mothers may meet while dropping their children (8)____off at nursery school and remain friends as their kids go to different (9)____schools. The same holds true for neighbors who are closest of (10)____friends until one moves away.正确答案： 1.one后面加out 每五个中有一个的表达方式是one out of/in five。
2.去掉to 前后并列成分,形式应一致。
3.and→or 表示选择关系的并列应用or。
4.as后面加a as a consequence因此,结果。
5.for→during for强调持续了一段时间,而during强调一段时间之内。
6.likely→likewise 副词,同样地。
7.keep→keeping while引导的从句中,此处省略主语,谓语动词用现在分词表示主动关系。
8.end→ends 主语为the activity,谓语应为第三人称单数。
9.as→until 文中强调各种变化带来的朋友关系的变化,意思是“她们维持着朋友关系直到孩子去上不同的学校。”
10.√解析： 暂无解析 -
第24题：
问答题Which kind of ability did the author mainly focus on in his early years of writing practice?正确答案： Description.解析：
细节题。由题干可以定位到文章首段。作者在这一段中主要描述了其童年时期的练习活动，其中明确提到，他主要练习的是description（描写）。