The main reason we tend to focus on the（ ）rather than the human side of work is not because it’s more（请作答此空），but because it’s easier to do.Getting the new disk drive installed is positively trivial compared to figurine out why Horace is in a blue funk（恐惧）
题目
The main reason we tend to focus on the（ ）rather than the human side of work is not because it’s more（请作答此空），but because it’s easier to do.Getting the new disk drive installed is positively trivial compared to figurine out why Horace is in a blue funk（恐惧）or why Susan is dissatisfied with the company aver only a few months.Human interactions are complicated and never very crisp（干脆的，干净利落的）and clean in their effects，but they matter more than any other aspect of the work.
If you find yourself concentrating on the（ ）rather than the（ ）.you’re like the vaudeville character（杂耍人物）who loses his Keys on a dark street and looks for them on the adjacent street because，as he explains，“The light is better there!”
If you find yourself concentrating on the（ ）rather than the（ ）.you’re like the vaudeville character（杂耍人物）who loses his Keys on a dark street and looks for them on the adjacent street because，as he explains，“The light is better there!”
A.trivial
B.crucial
C.minor
D.insignificant
B.crucial
C.minor
D.insignificant
相似考题
参考答案和解析
答案：B
解析：
人们总幻觉自己参加了一个“计算机”、“电信”或“电子金融”方面的鸡尾酒会，梦想自己参与了这些高科技领域。事实是研究者们在那些高科技领域取得了根本性的突破，而其余的人都只是应用他们的研究成果而已。
我们使用电脑和其他新技术开发各种新产品能增强我们工作团队的合作，方便大家沟通。在人类的很多事业中，成功来源于所有参与者的共同努力，失败是因为大家不相互协作。很多失败的主要原因是我们过多关注技术而忽略了人性的一面，这并不是因为人性更重要，而是因为它更容易存在问题。
在短短几个月内，相比于获知为什么霍勒斯心中忐忑不安或者为什么苏珊是不满意的，开发新磁盘的安装驱动要容易实现得多，这是因为人类的交流是非常复杂的，而且从来就不干脆，总是不清不楚。但它的作用确实非常重要的。
如果你发现自己专注于技术而不是社会学。就如一个杂耍人物在黑暗的街道丢失了钥匙，而在临近的街道去寻找，而他的原因是：“临近街道的灯光更好”。
我们使用电脑和其他新技术开发各种新产品能增强我们工作团队的合作，方便大家沟通。在人类的很多事业中，成功来源于所有参与者的共同努力，失败是因为大家不相互协作。很多失败的主要原因是我们过多关注技术而忽略了人性的一面，这并不是因为人性更重要，而是因为它更容易存在问题。
在短短几个月内，相比于获知为什么霍勒斯心中忐忑不安或者为什么苏珊是不满意的，开发新磁盘的安装驱动要容易实现得多，这是因为人类的交流是非常复杂的，而且从来就不干脆，总是不清不楚。但它的作用确实非常重要的。
如果你发现自己专注于技术而不是社会学。就如一个杂耍人物在黑暗的街道丢失了钥匙，而在临近的街道去寻找，而他的原因是：“临近街道的灯光更好”。
更多“The main reason we tend to focus on the（ ）rather than the human side of work is not because it’s more（请作答此空），but because it’s easier to do.Getting the new disk drive installed is positively trivial c”相关问题
-
第1题：
Students from other countries think that ______.
A. it's easier to get part-time work abroad
B. there are more activities to take part in than at home
C. everyone can get scholarships or special loans
D. their main problem abroad is the lack of money
正确答案：D
本题属理解分析题。文章第二段中已提到：外国留学生解决钱的问题通过努力学习来获得助学
金或者特殊贷款，第一段也主要讲：在美国上学的费用问题，故本文的主旨是：学生上学的主要问题是学
费。 -
第2题：
● People are indulging in an illusion whenever they find themselves explaining at a cocktail(鸡尾酒) party, say, that they are "in computers," or "in telecommunications," or "in electronic funds transfer". The implication is that they are part of the high-tech world. Just between us, they usually aren't. The researchers who made fundamental breakthroughs in those areas are in a high-tech business. The rest of us are （71） of their work. We use computers and other new technology components to develop our products or to organize our affairs. Because we go about this work in teams and projects and other tightly knit working groups(紧密联系在一起的工作小组), we are mostly in the human communication business. Our successes stem from good human interactions by all participants in the effort, and our failures stem from poor human interactions.
The main reason we tend to focus on the （72） rather than the human side of the work is not because it's more （73） , but because it's easier to do. Getting the new disk drive installed is positively trivial compared to figuring out why Horace is in a blue funk(恐惧) or why Susan is dissatisfied with the company after only a few months. Human interactions are complicated and never very crisp(干脆的,干净利落的) and clean in their effects, but they matter more than any other aspect of the work.
If you find yourself concentrating on the （74） rather than the （75）, you're like the vaudeville character(杂耍人物) who loses his keys on a dark street and looks for them on the adjacent street because, as he explains, "The light is better there!".
（71）
A. creators
B. innovators
C. appliers
D. inventors
（72）
A. technical
B. classical
C. social
D. societal
（73）
A. trivial
B. crucial
C. minor
D. insignificant
（74）
A. technology
B. sociology
C. physiology
D. astronomy
（75）
A. technology
B. sociology
C. physiology
D. astronomy
正确答案：C,A,B,A,B
-
第3题：
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to protnote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.
In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
?The expression "greater tolerance" (Para. 1) refers to__________.A.greater willingness to accept social change
B.quicker adaptation to changing circumstances
C.more respect for different beliefs and behavior
D.greater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas答案：C解析：由第一段以及常识可知，社会容忍度指的是对不同观点、信仰、行为等的尊重。 -
第4题：
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to protnote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.
In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A.Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society.
B.Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow down social change.
C.Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society.
D.Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young.答案：B解析：根据第二段“social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects…in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early…in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites”可知A、C、D项都正确，而由第一段最后一句可知，不同的观点以及对现状不满可以加速社会变革，因此B项错误。 -
第5题：
Many experts believe that in the new world of artificial intelligence（AI）human beings will still be needed to do the jobs that require higher-order critical,creative,and innovative thinking and the jobs that require high emotional engagement to meet the needs of other human beings.The 1 for many of us is that we do not excel at those skills because of our natural cognitive and emotional tendencies:We are confirmation-seeking thinkers and ego-affirmation-seeking defensive reasoners.We will need to overcome those tendencies 2 take our thinking,listening,relating,and collaborating skills to a much higher level.This process of 3 begins with changing our definition of what it means to"be smart."4,many of us have achieved success 5 being"smarter"than other people as 6 by grades and test scores,beginning in our early days in school.AI will change that because there is no 7 any human being can outsmart,8,IBM's Watson,at least without augmentation,Smart machines can process,9,and recall information faster and better than we humans.10.AI can pattern-match faster and produce a wider array of alternatives than we can.AI can even learn faster.In an age of smart machines,our old definition of what makes a person smart doesn't 11.What is needed is a new definition of being smart,one that 12 higher levels of human thinking and emotional engagement.The new smart will be determined not by what or how you know 13 by the quality of your thinking,listening,relating,collaborating,and learning.Quantity is 14 by quality.We will spend more time training to be open-minded and learning to update our beliefs in 15 to new data.We will practice 16 after our mistakes,and we will invest more in the skills traditionally 17 with emotional intelligence.The new smart will be about trying to overcome the two big 18 0f critical thinking and team collaboration:our ego and our fears.Doing so will make it easier to perceive reality as it is,rather than as we 19 it to be.In short,we will embrace humility.That is 20 we humans will add value in a world of smart technology.
1选？A.controversy
B.challenge
C.opportunity
D.compromise答案：B解析：本题考查上下文语义。those skills回指上文“Al时代仍然需要的人类技能：更高层次的批判性、创造性和创新性思维以及高度的情感投人”，空格后“我们不擅长这些技能”这一情况应该是“AI时代我们亟需克服的问题”．B.challenge符合文意。 -
第6题：
根据下列内容，回答206-210题。
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds ofpeople than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is thatthere are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There aremore ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with differentbeliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixedsocieties. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.
In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people tosee the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And althoughconditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily inthe material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather thanin values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the lessbasic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements ratherthan in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable tothe culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily inhuman relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason whychange has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
The passage is mainly discussing__________.A.certain factors that determine the ease with which social changes occur
B.certain factors that promote social change
C.the necessity of social change
D.two different societies答案：A解析：此题考查全文主旨。全文共三段，根据每段的第一句“Social change is more likely to occurin societies…”，“Within a society，social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in…”和“Furthermore，social change is eaLsier if it is gradual”可知，本文讲的不是哪些因素能推动社会变革，而是哪些因素使社会变革更容易发生，因此选A。 -
第7题：
eople are indulging in an illusion whenever they find themselves explaining at a cocktail (鸡尾酒) party, say, that they are "in computers," or "in telecommunications," or "in electronic funds transfer". The implication is that they are part of the high-tech world. Just between US, they usually aren't. The researchers who made fundamental breakthroughs in those areas are in a high-tech business. The rest of us are（ ）of their work. We use computers and other new technology components to develop our products or to organize our affairs. Because we go about this work in teams and projects and other tightly knit working groups(紧密联系在一起的工作小组), we are mostly in the human communication business. Our successes stem from good human interactions by all participants in the effort, and our failures stem from poor human interactions. The main reason we tend to focus on the （ ）rather than the human side of the work is not because it's more （ ）, but because it's easier to do. Getting the new disk drive installed is positively trivial compared to figuring out why Horace is in a blue funk (恐惧) or why Susan is dissatisfied with the company after only a few months. Human interactions are complicated and never very crisp (干脆的, 干净利落的) and clean in their effects, but they matter more than any other aspect of the work.If you find yourself concentrating on the （ ）rather than the（请作答此空）, you're like the vaudeville character (杂耍人物) who loses his keys on a dark street and looks for them on the adjacent street because, as he explains, "The light is better there!".A.technology
B.sociology
C.physiology
D.astronomy答案：B解析： -
第8题：
Text 3 The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution,but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries.And yet,it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle.Certain jobs have gone away for good,outmoded by machines.Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs,this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can't immediately foresee.When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology,jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened.This argument has attracted a lot of attention,via the success of the book Race Against the Machine,by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee,who both hail from MIT's Center for Digital Business.This is a powerful argument,and a scary one.And yet,John Hagel,author of The Power of Pull and other books,says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S.that tend to be“tightly scripted”and“highly standardized”ones that leave no room for“individual initiative or creativity.”In short,these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings.That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers,Hagel says.It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted,since we are still relying ona very 20th century notion of work,Hagel says.In our rapidly changing economy,we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination“to respond to unexpected events.”That's not something machines are good at.They are designed to perform very predictable activities.As Hagel notes,Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book.We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine.In other words,we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it.So then the problem is not really about technology,but rather,“how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”
According to the last paragraph,Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed_____A.the predictability of machine behavior in practice
B.the formula for how work is conducted efficiently
C.the ways machines replace human labor in modern times D.the necessity of human involvement in the workplace答案：B解析：这是一道推理题，重点考查的是代词指代以及段落中心的归纳。【直击答案】根据题干可以定位到最后一段，其中touched on this point即为Brynjolfsson和McAfee的观点。而this point则回指第五段的内容，起到承上启下的作用。第五段指出需要调整现在的工作模式，需要人们发挥主动性和创造性。第六段最后一句再次强调问题的核心是人类要革新工作方式。因此正确答案为选项D，强调人类的参与。【干扰排除】选项A偷换概念，第五段第四句指出机器只能完成“预先设定的（predictable）工作（activities）”，而非“机器行为”的可预测性。选项B中的“efficiently”在文中并未提及。选项C与原文信息相反，第六段第三句话指出，我们需要看到机器提高人力而非取代人力（rather than replace it）的方面。 -
第9题：
共用题干
A Letter from Alan
I have learnt of a plan to build three hundred houses on the land called Parson's Place by the football ground .Few people know about this new plan to increase the size of our town.For me,
Parson's Place is special because it is a beautiful natural area where local people can relax-the small wood has many unusual trees and the stream is popular with fishermen and bird-watchers'
It's very quiet because there are few houses or roads nearby.I think that losing this area will be terrible because we have no other similar facilities in the neighbourhood.
I am also against this plan because it will cause traffic problems.How will the people from the new houses travel to work?The motorway and the railway station are on the other side of town.
Therefore,these people will have to drive through the town centre every time they go anywhere.
The roads will always be full of traffic,there will be nowhere to park and the tourists who come to see our lovely old buildings will leave .Shops and hotels will lose business.If the town really needs more homes,the empty ground beside the railway station is a more suitable place.
No doubt the builders will make a lot of money by selling these houses.But,in my opinion, the average person will quickly be made poorer by this plan.As well as this,we will lose a very special place and our town will be much less pleasant.
I am going to the local government offices on Monday morning to protest about this plan and I hope that your readers will join me there.We must make them stop this plan before it is too late.Which of these posters has Alan made?
A: SAVE OUR SPORTh GROUND
B: SAY NO TO HOUSES ON PARSON'S PLACE
C: WE NEED HOMES NOT HOTELS
D: USE THE TRAIN NOT THE ROAD答案：B解析：细节题。根据第一段“Few people know about… the size of our town.”以及对全文理解可知，Alan写这封信是为了让其他人了解建筑商计划。因此D项正确。
细节题。根据第一段“For me , Parson's Place is…with fishermen and bird-watchers.” 可以知道答案。因此C项正确。
细节题。根据第二段中“The roads will always be full of traffic…see our lovely old buildings will leave.”可以知道，如果按照建筑商的计划，公路上将总是有很多车辆，却没有地方来停车。因此A项正确。
细节题。根据第三段中“But, in my opinion , the average person will quickly be made poorer by this plan.”可知道答案。因此D项正确。
主旨题。Alan在本文中一直在说抵制建筑商在帕森场上建造房屋的计划。因此B 项正确。 -
第10题：
共用题干
A Letter from Alan
I have learnt of a plan to build three hundred houses on the land called Parson's Place by the football ground .Few people know about this new plan to increase the size of our town.For me,
Parson's Place is special because it is a beautiful natural area where local people can relax-the small wood has many unusual trees and the stream is popular with fishermen and bird-watchers'
It's very quiet because there are few houses or roads nearby.I think that losing this area will be terrible because we have no other similar facilities in the neighbourhood.
I am also against this plan because it will cause traffic problems.How will the people from the new houses travel to work?The motorway and the railway station are on the other side of town.
Therefore,these people will have to drive through the town centre every time they go anywhere.
The roads will always be full of traffic,there will be nowhere to park and the tourists who come to see our lovely old buildings will leave .Shops and hotels will lose business.If the town really needs more homes,the empty ground beside the railway station is a more suitable place.
No doubt the builders will make a lot of money by selling these houses.But,in my opinion, the average person will quickly be made poorer by this plan.As well as this,we will lose a very special place and our town will be much less pleasant.
I am going to the local government offices on Monday morning to protest about this plan and I hope that your readers will join me there.We must make them stop this plan before it is too late.In Alan's opinion,why is Parson's Place particularly important?
A: Because there's a football ground nearby.
B: Because lots of people live near it.
C: Because it is a place near the town where people can enjoy nature.
D: Because local people can get there easily by car from the town.答案：C解析：细节题。根据第一段“Few people know about… the size of our town.”以及对全文理解可知，Alan写这封信是为了让其他人了解建筑商计划。因此D项正确。
细节题。根据第一段“For me , Parson's Place is…with fishermen and bird-watchers.” 可以知道答案。因此C项正确。
细节题。根据第二段中“The roads will always be full of traffic…see our lovely old buildings will leave.”可以知道，如果按照建筑商的计划，公路上将总是有很多车辆，却没有地方来停车。因此A项正确。
细节题。根据第三段中“But, in my opinion , the average person will quickly be made poorer by this plan.”可知道答案。因此D项正确。
主旨题。Alan在本文中一直在说抵制建筑商在帕森场上建造房屋的计划。因此B 项正确。 -
第11题：
单选题The reason that it is easier to describe one’s personality in words than one’s face is that ______.Amany words are available to describe personality
Ba person’s personality is easily distinguished
Cpeople’s personalities are very much alike
Da person’s face is more complex than his personality
正确答案： D解析：
细节理解题。答案出处为第四段：There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. -
第12题：
填空题Why do more Americans have to drive to work?Because they have moved out of the ____to the suburbs.正确答案： large cities解析：
细节题。从听力原文中“Many people have moved outside of the large cities to the suburbs”一句可以判断，此处应该填large cities。 -
第13题：
Historians of women’s labor focused on factory work as a mote promising area of research than service-sector work because factory work______．
A．involved the payment of higher wages
B．required skill in：detailed tasks
C．was assumed to be less characterized by sex segregation
D．was more readily accepted by women than by men
正确答案：C
根据文章第一段第二句，研究妇女劳动的历史学家关注工厂劳动，认为是更有用的领域，而不关注服务行业，是因为factory work“seemed so different from traditional，unpaid‘women’S work’in the home，and because the underlying economic forces of industrialism were presumed to be gender—blind and hence emancipatory in effect”。而A、B和D项文章并未提及。 -
第14题：
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to protnote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.
In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
One of the factors that tend to promote social change is__________.A.joint interest
B.different points of view
C.less emotional people
D.advanced technology答案：B解析：根据第一段“The simple reasonforthisisthatthere aremore differentways oflooking atthings．．．There are more ideas．．．In addition，there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies…A儿these factors tend to promote social change”可知，有很多因素能推动社会变革．B项是其中一个因素。 -
第15题：
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to protnote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.
In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
?Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite similar in many ways because__________.A.people there have got so accustomed to their conditions that they seldom think it necessary to change
B.people there have identical needs that can be satisfied without much difficulty
C.people there are easy to please
D.people there are less disputed答案：A解析：由第一段最后一句“although conditions may not be satisfactory，they are at least customary and undisputed”可知答案为A，此选项是对原文的同义转述。 -
第16题：
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to protnote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.
In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
The passage is mainly discussing__________.A.certain factors that determine the ease with which social changes occur
B.certain factors that promote social change
C.the necessity of social change
D.two different societies答案：A解析：全文共三段，根据每段的第一句“Social change is more likely to occur in societies…”，“Wi“n a society，social changes is also likely to occur more frequenfly and more readily in…”和“Furthermore，social change is easier if it is gradual”可知，本文讲的不是哪些因素能推动社会变革，而是哪些因素使社会变革 更容易发生，因此选A。 -
第17题：
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways． The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society． There are more ideas,more disagreements in interest,and more groups and organizations with different beliefs． In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies． All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision． In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seetns to be the same． And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed．
Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic mad less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites ; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements．
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual． For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference． This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts．
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society．A. Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society．
B. Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow down social change．
C. Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society．
D. Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young．答案：B解析：根据第二段“social changes is also likely to occur more frequentry and more readily in the material aspects…in what has been leamed later in life rather than what was learned early．in the less basic and less emotional aspectsof societythanintheir opposites”可知A、C、D项都正确．而由第一段最后一句可知，不同的观点以及对现状不满可以加速社会变革．因此B项错误。 -
第18题：
People are indulging in an illusion whenever they find themselves explaining at a cocktail（鸡尾酒）party,say,that they are"in computers,"or"in telecommunications,"or"in electronic funds transfer".The implication is that they are part of the high-tech world.Just between US,they usually aren't.The researchers who made fundamental breakthroughs in those areas are in a high-tech business.The rest of us are（ ）of their work.We use computers and other new technology components to develop our products or to organize our affairs.Because we go about this work in teams and projects and other tightly knit working groups（紧密联系在一起的工作小组）,we are mostly in the human communication business.Our successes stem from good human interactions by all participants in the effort,and our failures stem from poor human interactions.The main reason we tend to focus on the（ ）rather than the human side of the work is not because it's more（ ）,but because it's easier to do.Getting the new disk drive installed is positively trivial compared to figuring out why Horace is in a blue funk（恐惧）or why Susan is dissatisfied with the company after only a few months.Human interactions are complicated and never very crisp（干脆的,干净利落的）and clean in their effects,but they matter more than any other aspect of the work.If you find yourself concentrating on the（ ）rather than the（请作答此空）,you're like the vaudeville character（杂耍人物）who loses his keys on a dark street and looks for them on the adjacent street because,as he explains,"The light is better there!".A.technology
B.sociology
C.physiology
D.astronomy答案：B解析： -
第19题：
Think about driving a route that’s very familiar.It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home.Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand.On these sorts of trips it’s easy to lose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery.The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has. This is the well-travelled road effect: People tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route. The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention.When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly.And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it.So we assume it was shorter.答案：解析：设想开车行驶一条你非常熟悉的路线。那可能是上班的，进城或回家的必经之路。无论是哪条路，你都会对它的迂回曲折了如指掌。在这样的行驶中你很容易将精力集中在驾驶上而忽视路过的风景。结果，这就使得 你会认为行驶路程应该比它实际上需要的时间少。 这就是熟悉旅途效应：人们趋于低估熟悉路程的所需时间。 我们的注意力分配情况导致了这种效应。当我们在我们非常熟悉的道路上行驶时，由于不需要太集中精力认路，所以时间似乎过得很快。而且事后，当我们试图回忆这个旅程时也不怎么能记得清楚，因为我们确实没有关注太多。所以我们就想当然认为路程是短了一些。 -
第20题：
Text 3 The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution,but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries.And yet,it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle.Certain jobs have gone away for good,outmoded by machines.Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs,this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can't immediately foresee.When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology,jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened.This argument has attracted a lot of attention,via the success of the book Race Against the Machine,by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee,who both hail from MIT's Center for Digital Business.This is a powerful argument,and a scary one.And yet,John Hagel,author of The Power of Pull and other books,says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S.that tend to be“tightly scripted”and“highly standardized”ones that leave no room for“individual initiative or creativity.”In short,these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings.That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers,Hagel says.It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted,since we are still relying ona very 20th century notion of work,Hagel says.In our rapidly changing economy,we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination“to respond to unexpected events.”That's not something machines are good at.They are designed to perform very predictable activities.As Hagel notes,Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book.We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine.In other words,we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it.So then the problem is not really about technology,but rather,“how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”
Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S.are often_____A.performed by innovative minds
B.scripted with an individual style
C.standardized without a clear target
D.designed against human creativity答案：D解析：细节题【命题思路】这是一道人物观点细节题，重点考查考生对长难句的理解。【直击答案】根据题干中的关键词“Hagel”以及“jobs in the U．S.”可以回文定位到第四段第一句话。该句表达了Hagel对美国岗位设计（designed jobs in the U．S.）的观点。选项D的内容符合其观点。其中，“against”是原文“leave no room”的同义替换，且“human creativity”是原文“individual initiative or creativity”的同义替换。【干扰排除】选项A与原文表述相反。选项B属于无中生有，是将文中所含scripted和individual两词的错误搭配。选项C中的“without a clear target”与原文语义相反。该段最后一句指出“我们给美国工人贴上了巨大的目标标签”，即美国的工作岗位有着明确的目标（照本宣科）。 -
第21题：
共用题干
A Letter from Alan
I have learnt of a plan to build three hundred houses on the land called Parson's Place by the football ground .Few people know about this new plan to increase the size of our town.For me,
Parson's Place is special because it is a beautiful natural area where local people can relax-the small wood has many unusual trees and the stream is popular with fishermen and bird-watchers'
It's very quiet because there are few houses or roads nearby.I think that losing this area will be terrible because we have no other similar facilities in the neighbourhood.
I am also against this plan because it will cause traffic problems.How will the people from the new houses travel to work?The motorway and the railway station are on the other side of town.
Therefore,these people will have to drive through the town centre every time they go anywhere.
The roads will always be full of traffic,there will be nowhere to park and the tourists who come to see our lovely old buildings will leave .Shops and hotels will lose business.If the town really needs more homes,the empty ground beside the railway station is a more suitable place.
No doubt the builders will make a lot of money by selling these houses.But,in my opinion, the average person will quickly be made poorer by this plan.As well as this,we will lose a very special place and our town will be much less pleasant.
I am going to the local government offices on Monday morning to protest about this plan and I hope that your readers will join me there.We must make them stop this plan before it is too late.Why has Alan written this letter?
A: To persuade the government to build new houses.
B: To protest about a new motorway near the town.
C: To encourage more people in the town to use Parson's Place.
D: To inform other people about the builders' plans.答案：D解析：细节题。根据第一段“Few people know about… the size of our town.”以及对全文理解可知，Alan写这封信是为了让其他人了解建筑商计划。因此D项正确。
细节题。根据第一段“For me , Parson's Place is…with fishermen and bird-watchers.” 可以知道答案。因此C项正确。
细节题。根据第二段中“The roads will always be full of traffic…see our lovely old buildings will leave.”可以知道，如果按照建筑商的计划，公路上将总是有很多车辆，却没有地方来停车。因此A项正确。
细节题。根据第三段中“But, in my opinion , the average person will quickly be made poorer by this plan.”可知道答案。因此D项正确。
主旨题。Alan在本文中一直在说抵制建筑商在帕森场上建造房屋的计划。因此B 项正确。 -
第22题：
People are indulging in an illusion whenever they find themselves explaining at a cocktail（鸡尾酒）party,say,that they are"in computers,"or"in telecommunications,"or"in electronic funds transfer".The implication is that they are part of the high-tech world.Just between US,they usually aren't.The researchers who made fundamental breakthroughs in those areas are in a high-tech business.The rest of us are__1____of their work.We use computers and other new technology components to develop our products or to organize our affairs.Because we go about this work in teams and projects and other tightly knit working groups（紧密联系在一起的工作小组）,we are mostly in the human communication business.Our successes stem from good human interactions by all participants in the effort,and our failures stem from poor human interactions.
The main reason we tend to focus on the____2__rather than the human side of the work is not because it's more___3__,but because it's easier to do.Getting the new disk drive installed is positively trivial compared to figuring out why Horace is in a blue funk（恐惧）or why Susan is dissatisfied with the company after only a few months.Human interactions are complicated and never very crisp（干脆的,干净利落的）and clean in their effects,but they matter more than any other aspect of the work.If you find yourself concentrating on the___4__rather than the____5__,you're like the vaudeville character（杂耍人物）who loses his keys on a dark street and looks for them on the adjacent street because,as he explains,"The light is better there!".
2、____A.technical
B.classical
C.social
D.societal答案：A解析：略 -
第23题：
填空题We eat at the fast food restaurants more because it is quick than because we really need the food.____正确答案： H解析：
由题目中的“fast food restaurants”可以定位到H段。题目中“more because ... than because”结构与文中“you perhaps ... but buy just because ...”表达的意思一样，即人们购买快餐并不是因为人们想吃快餐而是因为它节约时间，故匹配段落为H段。