Why Have Formal Documents?Finally, writing the decisions down is essential. Only when one writes do the gaps appear and the （ ） protrude(突出). The act of writing turns out to require hundreds of mini-decisions, and it is the existence of these that disti
题目
Why Have Formal Documents?Finally, writing the decisions down is essential. Only when one writes do the gaps appear and the （ ） protrude(突出). The act of writing turns out to require hundreds of mini-decisions, and it is the existence of these that distinguishes clear, exact policies from fuzzy ones.Second, the documents will communicate the decisions to others. The manager will be continually amazed that policies he took for common knowledge are totally unknown by some member of his team. Since his fundamental job is to keep everybody going in the （请作答此空） direction, his chief daily task will be communication, not decision-making, and his documents will immensely （ ） this load.Finally, a manager’s documents give him a data base and checklist. By reviewing them （ ） he sees where he is, and he sees what changes of emphasis or shifts in direction are needed.The task of the manager is to develop a plan and then to realize it. But only the written plan is precise and communicable. Such a plan consists of documents on what, when, how much, where, and who. This small set of critical documents （ ） much of the manager’s work. If their comprehensive and critical nature is recognized in the beginning, the manager can approach them as friendly tools rather than annoying busywork. He will set his direction much more crisply and quickly by doing so..
A． OTHER
B． DIFFERENT
C． ANOTHER
D． SAME
B． DIFFERENT
C． ANOTHER
D． SAME
相似考题
参考答案和解析
答案：D
解析：
解析：翻译：在这个世界上，似乎我们有太多的事情要去做，有太多的事情要去思考，那么需要做的最后一件事就是必须学习新事物。而用例恰恰可以解决带有需求的问题：如果具有（ ）声明的需求，则很难描述事件的步骤和序列。简单地说，用例可以将事件序列的说明放在一起，引导系统完成有用的任务。正如听起来一样简单——这很重要。在面对很多需求的时候，通常（请作答此空）理解需求的作者真正想要系统做什么。在前面的例子中，通过指定特定行为发生的时间和条件，用例减少了需求的不确定性。这样的话，行为的顺序就可以当作是一种需求。用例特别适用于捕捉这类需求。尽管听起来可能很简单，但事实情况是由于（ ）需求捕捉方法所侧重的是声明需求和“应该怎么样”的陈述，因此完全无法捕捉系统行为的（ ）方面。用例是一种简单而有效的表达系统行为的方式，使用这种方式所有参与者都很容易理解。但是与任何事物一样，用例也存在自己的问题——在用例非常有用的同时，人们也可能（ ）它，结果就产生了比原来更为糟糕的问题。因此重点在于：如何有效地使用用例，而又不会产生出比原来更严重的问题。A．不可能的B．可能的C．合理的D．实际的
更多“Why Have Formal Documents?Finally, writing the decisions down is essential. Only when one writes do the gaps appear and the （ ） protrude(突出). The act of writing turns out to require hundreds of min”相关问题
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第1题：
Why should banks need to establish formal operating procedures?
A．The supervisory authorities require them to do so.
B．The shareholders expect a reasonable return on their investment.
C．The banks have to keep safe large volume of monetary items raised from all sources.
D．The banks engage in a large volume and variety of transactions.
正确答案：C
解析：文章第一段提到Banking organizations have custody of large volume...individual discretion rigorous system of internal control. 银行监管大量的货币项目，如果管理不慎，这些monetary items就会遭到破坏，所以就需要建立一套完整的操作程序。因而C选项符合题意。 -
第2题：
— ______— Oh, it's a piece of cake、I love writing.A、Do you like the writing class
B、How do you feel about your writing class
C、have another piece of cake
D、Could you help me
参考答案：B
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第3题：
Why not________your teacher for help when you can’t finish ________it by yourself?
A.ask,write B.to ask,writing C.ask,writing D.asking,write
正确答案：C
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第4题：
Which of the following writing activities may be used to develop students′ skill of planning
A.Editing their writing in groups.
B.Self-checking punctuations in their writing.
C.Sorting out ideas and putting them in order.
D.Cross-checking the language in their writing.答案：C解析：考查写作教学活动。句意为“下面哪一项写作活动可以用于发展学生的规划能力”A项“分小组修改他们的作文”，B项“自己检查作文中的标点符号”，C项“将想法分类并按顺序排列”，D项“相互检查作文中的语言”。C项符合题意。 -
第5题：
The origins of human speech remain a mystery,__________ we have a fairly accurate idea of when writing began.A. once
B. if
C. though
D. since答案：C解析：考查连词辨析。句意为“我们对于写作的起始有了相当准确的观点，演讲的。起源仍然是个谜团”。根据句意.前后表转折.故选C。 -
第6题：
Why Have Formal Documents?First, writing g the decisions down is essential． Only when one writes do the gaps appear and the（ ）protrude（突出）． The act of writing tums out to require hundreds of mini-decisions, and it is the existence of these that distinguishes clear, exact policies from fuzzy ones． Second, the documents will communicate the decisions to others． The manager will be continually amazed that policies he took for common knowledge are totally unknown by some member of his team． Since his fundamental job is to keep everybody going in the （ ）direction, his chief daily task will be communication, not decision-making, and his documents will be immensely （ ） this load．Finally, a manager's documents give him a data base and checklist． By reviewing them（请作答此空） he sees where he is, and he sees what changes of emphasis or shifts in direction are needed． The task of the manager is to develop a plan and then to realize it． But only the written plan is precise and communicable． Such a pl an consists of documents on what, when, how much,where, and who． This small set of critical documents （ ）much of the managerr's work．If their comprehensive and critical nature is recognized in the-l' beginning, the managercan approach them as friendly tools rather than annoying busywork． He will set his direction much more crisply and quickly by doing so．A.periodically
B.occasionally
C.infrequently
D.rarely答案：A解析：为什么要有正式的文档？首先，书面记录决策是必要的。只有记录下来，分歧才会明朗，矛盾才会突出。书写这项活动需要上百次的细小决定，正是由于它们的存在，人们才能从令人迷惑的现象中得到清晰、确定的策略。第二，文档能够作为同其他人的沟通渠道。项目经理常常会不断发现，许多理应被普遍认同的策略，完全不为团队的一些成员所知。正因为项目经理的基本职责是使每个人都向着相同的方向前进，所以他的主要工作是沟通，而不是做出决定。这些文档能极大地减轻他的负担。最后，项目经理的文档可以作为数据基础和检查列表。通过周期性的回顾，他能清楚项目所处的状态，以及哪些需要重点进行更改和调整。项目经理的任务是制订计划，并根据计划实现。但是只有书面计划是精确和可以沟通的。计划中包括了时间、地点、人物、做什么、资金。这些少量的关键文档封装了一些项目经理的工作。如果一开始就认识到它们的普遍性和重要性，那么就可以将文档作为工具友好地利用起来，而不会让它成为令人厌烦的繁重任务。通过遵循文档开展工作，项目经理能更清晰和快速地设定自己的方向。 -
第7题：
资料：When we see well，we do not think about our eyes very often. It is only when we cannot see perfectly that we realize how important our eyes are.
People who are near-sighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes，Everything else seems blurry（=unclear）.Many people who do a lot of work，such as writing，reading and sewing become near-sighted.
People who are far-sighted suffer from just the opposite problem. They can see things that are far away，but they have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at arm’s length. If they want to do much reading，they must get glasses，too.
Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right shape. They have what is called astigmatism. This，too，can be corrected by glasses. Some people’s eyes become cloudy because of cataracts. Long ago these people often became blind. Now，however，it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them.
Having two good eyes is important for judging distances. Each eye sees things from a slightly different angle. To prove this to yourself，look at an object out of one eye；Then look at the same object out of your other eye. You will find the object’s relation to the background and other things around it has changed. The difference between these two different eye views helps us to judge how far away an object is. People who have only one eye cannot judge distance as people with two eyes.
When things far away seem indistinct， one is probably______.A.astigmatic
B.far-sighted
C.suffering from cataracts
D.near-sighted答案：D解析：本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】things far away；indistinct
【主题句】第2自然段People who are near-sighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes，Everything else seems blurry（=unclear）. 近视的人只能看到非常接近他们眼睛的东西，其他一切看起来都很模糊（=不清楚）。
【解析】本题的问题是“当远处的东西看起来模糊不清时，可能就是？”A选项“散光”；B选项“远视”；C选项“患有白内障”；D选项“近视”。根据主题句，看不清远方的东西，应当是患有近视，故D选项正确。 -
第8题：
Why Have Formal Documents
Finally, writing the decisions down is essential. Only when one writes do the gaps appear and the (71) protrude(突出). The act of writing turns out to require hundreds of mini-decisions, and it is the existence of these that distinguishes clear, exact policies from fuzzy ones.
Second, the documents will communicate the decisions to others. The manager will be continually amazed that policies he took for common knowledge are totally unknown by some member of his team. Since his fundamental job is to keep everybody going in the (72) direction, his chief daily task will be communication, not decision-making, and his documents will immensely (73) this load.
Finally, a manager’s documents give him a data base and checklist. By reviewing them (74) he sees where he is, and he sees what changes of emphasis or shifts in direction are needed.
The task of the manager is to develop a plan and then to realize it. But only the written plan is precise and communicable. Such a plan consists of documents on what, when, how much, where, and who. This small set of critical documents ( ) much of the manager’s work. If their comprehensive and critical nature is recognized in the beginning, the manager can approach them as friendly tools rather than annoying busywork. He will set his direction much more crisply and quickly by doing so..A.decides
B.encapsulates
C.realizes
D.recognizes答案：A解析：为什么要有正式的文档
首先，将决策写下来是关键的。只有写出后差距才能出现，矛盾才能突出。写的过程是需求成百上千的小决策的过程，这些的存在将清楚的、准确的政策从模糊的政策中区分出来。
其次，文档将会与其它人交流决策。管理者将会不断感到惊奇的是他采取的一般知识的政策团队有些成员竟全然不知。既然他的基本工作是使每个人在一个方向上前进，他的主要工作就是交流，而不是决策制定，他的文档能很好的减轻这个负担。
最后，管理者的文档给他提供了一个数据库和检验表。通过定期回顾他能知道自己所处的位置，并看到为需要对重点改变什么或方向作什么变动 -
第9题：
We have kept（）our friendship by writing to each other, so we are true friends.
- A、back
- B、up
- C、off
- D、down
正确答案:B -
第10题：
单选题When yon（）an agent, it is usual to（）the appointment in writing.Aappoint，make
Bwant，make
Cneed，make
Dneed，do
正确答案： D解析： 暂无解析 -
第11题：
单选题Passage 2Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech orin writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do theyaspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: TheDegradation of Language and Music and Why We Should ,Like, Care, JohnMcWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservativeviews ,sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the declineof formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yetanother criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter’s academicspeciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradualdisappearance of “whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettablethan the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal ,“doing our ownthing”, has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. Whileeven the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paperbefore the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought tocapture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal,performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In bothoral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity overcraft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both highand low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But itis less clear, to take the question of his subtitle ,why we should, like, care.As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, includingnon-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive-there existsno language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is notarguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do nottalk proper. Russians have a deep lovefor their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in theirheads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashionedto most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorteracknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes noradical education reforms-he is really grieving over the loss of somethingbeautiful more than useful. We now takeour English "on paper platesinstead of china". A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.The word "talking" (Para. 3) denotes _________.Amodesty
Bpersonality
Cliveliness
Dinformality
正确答案： C解析： -
第12题：
单选题When do Americans prefer to use their family names?AWhen they are working.
BWhen writing a business letter.
CThey use their family names on formal occasions.
DWhen they are in trouble
正确答案： B解析：
在文章第一段最后，作者明确指出the use of one’s father’s last name is saved only for rare and formal occasions，选项C正确。 -
第13题：
He promised to act as a chairman so I am afraid he can’t ____it now, there is no one else to do it.A、get along with
B、get down upon
C、get out of
D、get away with
正确答案:C
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第14题：
We have kept( )our friendship by writing to each other, so we are true friends.
A. back
B. up
C. off
D. down
正确答案:B
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第15题：
When loading a tanker，you should ______．
A.load only one tank at a time
B.keep the seamen on watch on standby in the mess room
C.keep a strain on the loading hoses
D.close valves by closing them down，reopening one or two turns，and re-closing
正确答案：D
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第16题：
The origins of human speech remain a mystery,__________ we have a fairly accurate idea of when writing began.A．once
B．if
C．though
D．since答案：C解析：考查连词辨析。句意为“我们对于写作的起始有了相当准确的观点，演讲的。起源仍然是个谜团”。根据句意．前后表转折．故选C。 -
第17题：
Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we_____________A.expect
B.had expected
C.are expecting
D.have expected答案：B解析：考查时态。句意为“手写所有的请柬比我们预期的要费时得多”。根据语境及题中was的暗示，“写请柬”这个动作发生在过去，“预期”的动作发生在“写请柬”之前，即过去的过去，要用过去完成时。故选B。 -
第18题：
共用题干
Spelling and Writing
There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling.No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill.
There are , however , vastly different ideas about how to teach it , or how much priority（优先）it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is,how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?
If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher's interest,clearly a bright child will be likely to"play safe".He will tend to write only words within his spelling range,choosing to avoid adventurous language .That's why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.
I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal ex- perience:"This work is terrible!There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible（难以辨认的）."It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil's technical abilities in writing,but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay,which contamned some beautiful expressions of the child's deep feelings.The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors,but if his priorities had centered on the child's ideas,an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.The expression"play safe"probably means"______".
A: to rflte carefully
B: to do as teachers say
C: to use dictionaries frequently
D: to avoid using words one is not sure of答案：D解析：细节题。文中作者在第一段第三句中已经指出“...or how much priority it must be given over general language development and reading ability.”的内容与选项B的意思相关。所以本题应选B。
推论题。在这个短语前面说如果教师在评阅学生作文时仅仅把重点放在单词拼写正确与否上，聪明的学生就很可能play safe，所以选D。
细节题。第二段的最后一句点出了教师鼓励学生尽早使用字典的目的，即：使他们能够pay attention to content，所以选A。
细节题。要求推断作者对某位教师批阅学生作文时所持的态度。第三段第一句的谓语动词shocked一词就集中体现了作者的态度，所以选B。
本题考查本文的中心思想，单词的正确拼写与写作内容的关系是本文的中心话题。 -
第19题：
资料：When we see well，we do not think about our eyes very often. It is only when we cannot see perfectly that we realize how important our eyes are.
People who are near-sighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes，Everything else seems blurry（=unclear）.Many people who do a lot of work，such as writing，reading and sewing become near-sighted.
People who are far-sighted suffer from just the opposite problem. They can see things that are far away，but they have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at arm’s length. If they want to do much reading，they must get glasses，too.
Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right shape. They have what is called astigmatism. This，too，can be corrected by glasses. Some people’s eyes become cloudy because of cataracts. Long ago these people often became blind. Now，however，it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them.
Having two good eyes is important for judging distances. Each eye sees things from a slightly different angle. To prove this to yourself，look at an object out of one eye；Then look at the same object out of your other eye. You will find the object’s relation to the background and other things around it has changed. The difference between these two different eye views helps us to judge how far away an object is. People who have only one eye cannot judge distance as people with two eyes.
We should take good care of our eyes______.A.even if we can see well
B.only when we cannot see perfectly
C.only when we realize how important our eyes are
D.only when we can see well答案：A解析：本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】take good care of；our eyes
【主题句】第1自然段When we see well，we do not think about our eyes very often. It is only when we cannot see perfectly that we realize how important our eyes are. 当我们看东西很清楚的时候，我们不经常想到我们的眼睛。只有当我们无法完美地看到时，我们才意识到我们的眼睛多么重要。
【解析】本题的问题是“我们应该好好保护我们的眼睛________”A选项“即使我们能看得很清楚”；B选项“当我们无法完美地看到时”；C选项“只有当我们意识到我们的眼睛有多重要时”；D选项“只有在我们能够看得出来的时候”。根据主题句分析可知，我们无论何时都要保护好眼睛，不要在看不清的时候才意识到严重性，故A选项符合题意。 -
第20题：
Which of the following best states the author’s attitude toward the information that scholars have gathered about Proust’s writing in 1909？( )A.The author is disappointed that no new documents have come to light since Fallois’speculations.
B.The author is dissatisfied because there are too many gaps and inconsistencies in the drafts.
C.The author is confident that Fallois’s 1954 guess has been proved largely correct，but regrets that still more detailed documentation concerning Proust’s transition from the essay to the novel has not emerged.
D.The author is satisfied that the facts of Proust’s life in 1909 have been thoroughly established，but believes such documents as drafts and correspondence are only of limited value in a critical assessment of Proust’s writing.答案：C解析：
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第21题：
When comparing java.io.BufferedWriter to java.io.FileWriter， which capability exists as a method in only one of the two？（）
- A、 closing the stream
- B、 flushing the stream
- C、 writing to the stream
- D、 marking a location in the stream
- E、 writing a line separator to the stream
正确答案:E -
第22题：
问答题Why did the author spend a lot of time practicing writing even when he was a boy?正确答案： Because learning to write was his childhood dream.解析：
细节题。作者在首段倒数第四句提到，与其说我想成为一个作家，还不如说我曾经立志要学会写作。由此可见，作者年少时不断练习是为了学习写作。 -
第23题：
单选题Which of the following writing activities may be used to develop students´ skill of planning?AEditing their writing in groups.
BSelf-checking punctuations in their writing.
CSorting out ideas and putting them in order.
DCross-checking the language in their writing.
正确答案： D解析： -
第24题：
单选题When comparing java.io.BufferedWriter to java.io.FileWriter， which capability exists as a method in only one of the two？（）Aclosing the stream
Bflushing the stream
Cwriting to the stream
Dmarking a location in the stream
Ewriting a line separator to the stream
正确答案： D解析： 暂无解析