A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is thatA．the Japanese workforce is better disciplined.B．the Japanese workforce is more productive.C．the U.S workforce has a better education.D．the U.S workforce is more organized.

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What is the major difference between deductive learning of grammar and inductive learning of grammar?
A basic distinction in learning theory is between deductive learning and inductive learning. Deductive learning is an approach to language teaching in which learners are taught rules and given specific information about a language. They then apply these rules when they use the language. In contrast, in inductive learning learners are not taught grammatical or other types of rules directly but are left to discover or induce rules from their experience of using the language. The former is explicit teaching of grammar while the latter is implicit.
略

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Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage. In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents (答问卷者) listed “to give children a good start academically” as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents. In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. Sixty-two percent of the more individually oriented (强调个性发展的) Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education. Like in America, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools. Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children’s chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens. We learn from the first paragraph that many Americans believe （）

• A、Japanese parents are more involved in preschool education than American parents
• B、Japan’s economic success is a result of its scientific achievements
• C、Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic instruction
• D、Japan’s higher education is superior to theirs

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The Japanese,（）average, live much longer than the Europeans.

• A、with
• B、in
• C、to
• D、on

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