初中英语?语音 一、考题回顾二、考题解析 【教案】 Teaching aims: Knowledge aim: Students will know the rule of logical stress in a complete sentence. Ability aim: Students will use the logical stress correctly and know how to make use of the sentence stress in different sentence

(1)该片段的教学目的是锻炼学生的辨音能力。通过在语境中进行辨音练习，提高学生辨别[D]和[:]的发音的能力；开展语音教学，推进学生听、说、读、写各项技能的发展。 (2)该教师采用了以下两种教学方法：
①使用最小对立体分析音差，进行辨音练习。在音位分析中，只涉及一个音素差别的对立体叫作最小对立体。该练习教师列出的四组词使用的都是最小对立体。
②采用有意义的语言练习活动。教师不是孤立地读出一个单词让学生选择正确的答案，而是在通过句子让学生理解句意的基础之上选择正确的发音。
(3)该教学片段体现了语音教学的原则有：
①针对性原则。针对性原则指语音训练的重点应该放在有标记的语音特征之上。教师要针对学生的困难进行有针对性的指导。这个练习主要训练[:]和[D]这一对长短音的区别，体现了这一原则。
②综合性原则。语音教学并不是孤立的发音教学，教师应该将音素、音标、单词、句子及语义、语用等各个层面结合起来，把语音教学融入有意义、有情景的语言练习和任务性的语言训练中去，将语音同口语、交际、互动等围绕意思展开的语言活动结合起来，应注意语义与语境、语调与语流相结合。该教学片段中，教师把语音和单词、句子结合起来，体现了这一原则。
(4)能恰当体现语音教学原则的其他三种方法有：
①找出一组词中读音不相同的词。教师连续读几个词，有一个词的发音与其他词不同，请学生挑出发音不同的一个。该练习适用于音素教学和练习，体现了语音教学的针对性原则，如by—buy—bye—bay(第四个不同)。
②对比学习。把相近发音的一组元音或辅音放在一起，让学生先听，然后对比学习，体现了语音教学的准确性原则，例如／s／和／θ／，／i／和／i：／等。
③绕口令。绕口令可以调节气氛，可以练习熟练程度，使学生在理解语句、语篇意义的基础上，在轻松愉快的气氛中，感受英语语音的节奏美．体现了语音教学的趣味性原则。

二、考题解析
【教案】
Teaching aims:
Knowledge aim:
Students will master the pronunciation of “p”, “t”,“sp” and “st”.
Ability aim:
Students will know how to pronounce “p”, “t”,“sp” and “st” in words.
Emotional aim:
Students can foster the interest and desire of learning English, and be fond of taking part in kinds of class activities.
Key and difficult point:
Key Point:
Students can master the pronunciation of the letters and group of letters.
Students will know how to pronounce them in words.
Difficult Point:
Students can improve their confidence in learning English, and not be afraid of speaking English.
Teaching procedure:
Step 1: Warming-up
1. Greetings. Talk about the weather.
2. Show tongue twisters to the students
[p] Peter’s plane is plainly painted .Peter is paid plenty to paint planes .
[t]Too many teenagers tend to waste their time watching television.
Ask them if they can read the tongue twisters as fast as possible. Then they find it not easy to read them fluently and quickly. Later, the teacher can lead in the topic. Today we are going to learn the pronunciation about the letter “p, t”.
Step 2: Presentation
1. Listen to the recording carefully, and try to find what the listening is about. Meanwhile, circle the words with letter “p” and “t”.
2. Listen to the recording for the second time. And try to find rule of the pronunciation of letter “p” and letter “t”, and pay attention to differences of these two letters’ pronunciation in the letter group- “sp, st”. They may say that in the words like teacher and play, the letter “p” and “t” are voiceless. However, in the letter groups of “sp” and “st”, they should make a sound . And they pronounce differently.
3. Conclude the pronunciation of letter “p” and letter “t”. Tell them that the letter “p” and “t” are voiceless consonant, while in the letter groups of “sp” and “st”, the letter “p” and “t” are voiced consonant.
4. Show the pronunciation of these two letters to the students. Ask them to read after the teacher practice.
Step 3: Practice
1. Play a game named “odd one out”. Read some groups of words for the students. They should listen carefully and say which word is different.
For example: sports Spanish stupid spirit
2.Ask a few students if there are other words containing the letter “p”, “t” and the letter groups of “sp” and “st”. They may answer “pen, piano,take, talk”, “spell, spring, spirit” , “stand, stay, stop”.
3.Play a game named “send words home”. Show others words including the letter “p”, “t” and the letter groups of “sp” and “st” on the screen. Introduce the rule of the game briefly. Then invite some students to the front and write the words down on the blackboard. Check answers later.
Step4: Production
Ask students to make some sentence with the words on the blackboard in groups of 4. After 5 minutes, invite some group members to share their sentences. Give evaluation to them.
Step5: Summary and Homework
Summary: Ask a student to conclude the content of the lesson and summarize with the whole class.
Homework: Read the words and the tongue twister to their friends and make more sentences with the target letters.



【答辩题目解析】
1. Do you know some subjects of teaching pronunciation?
【参考答案】
Well, it includes basic pronunciation such as pronunciation of 26 letters, pronunciation of vowels in the stressed syllables, pronunciation of consonant clusters and so on. It also teaches stress of words and sentences. The variation of pronunciations is the important part which deals with liaison, weak form, loss of plosion and assimilation.
2. What’s the principles of teaching pronunciation?
【参考答案】
I think it should focus on the following principles:
①Accuracy. It is the primary principle in teaching pronunciation.
②Long-tern development. Teaching pronunciation is not just a task for students who have begun to learn, it must run through all stages.
③Comprehensiveness. Teaching pronunciation is not teaching isolated speech sounds. All aspects should be included such as phonemes, phonetic symbols, words , sentences, meaning and uses.

二、考题解析
【教案】
Teaching aims:
Knowledge aims:
Students can master the usage of comparative adjectives
After this lesson, students can use the sentence structure: “Rose is smarter than Ruth”.
Ability aim:
After this lesson, students can use this grammar to describe the things in their daily life
Emotional aim:
Students are able to get the confidence of learning English
Key and difficult point:
Key Point:
master the usage of the comparative form of an adjective
Difficult Point:
use this grammar to describe the things in their daily life.
Teaching procedures:
Step 1: Warming-up
1.Greeting
2.Free talk:The teacher talks about the experience in zoo.Let students describe the features of animals in the zoo.
3.Then write one sentence and ask students to fill it using the right words. Then lead in the topic of today:Rose is smarter
Elephant is_____(big/small).
Squirrel is _____(big/small)
Step 2: Presentation
1.play a tap and ask them some question
Q1:what’s the feature of Rose and Ruth?
Rose is smarter than Ruth.
Q2:what’s the characteristic of Ruth and Rose ?
Ruth is more outgoing than Rose.
And then underline the adjective, ask a question :what are the similarities between the sentences and the adjectives.
After that conclude the usage of the comparative degree.
Step 3: Practice
1.Do the guessing game. Ask students to guess the words that the teacher is acting.
2.Write some sentences on the blackboard and ask students to fill in the blank using the comparative degree form of adjective.
Step4: Production
Show two similar pictures for students and then ask them to describe the differences of the two pictures, when they describe the pictures they should use the comparative degree.5 minutes for them to discuss with their desk mates and later ask some of them to share their ideas.
Step 5: Summary and Homework
Summary: ask a student to conclude the content of the lesson and summarize the class.
Homework: ask students make more sentences using the grammar they learn today.
Blackboard design:




【答辩题目解析】
1. Do you think it is important to teach students the pronunciation or not?
【参考答案】
Yes, I think it is very important to teach students the pronunciation. Fist of all, pronunciation is the basic knowledge of learning English, and they need the guidance of pronunciation; Secondly, it is a common phenomenon that many of the students in China they are lacking in the pronunciation practice so they have many difficulty in speaking English; Last but not the least, according to the new curriculum standard and the new curriculum reform, we should emphasize the importance of pronunciation learning .
【答辩题目解析】
2. Are you a normal school student of English major? Do you have any teaching experience?
【参考答案】
Yes, I majored in English of a normal school.I love my major, because I can learn different cultures and histories of different countries. So I have a good command of English after the 4-year study.
During my college life, I taught my students in a training institution.They are junior high school students. I learned students in junior school are generally interested in English. They have strong curiosity and thirst for knowledge.The simple repetition of the text by teacher no longer satisfies the students.I got some experience but I am not enough to teach students very well.
In the future, I am sure I can apply what I have learned to the work.

二、考题解析
【教案】
Teaching aims:
Knowledge aim:
Students can master the difference between the pronunciation of letter ‘e’ and ‘a’.
Ability aim:
Students can use the pronunciation rules into daily communication.
Emotional aim:
Students can be more interested in learning English.
Key and difficult point:
Key Point:Students can master the difference between the pronunciation of letter ‘e’ and ‘a’.
Difficult Point: Students can use the pronunciation rules into daily communication.
Teaching procedure:
Step 1: Warming-up
1. Greetings.
2. Have a free talk with students talk about the present that they received before and their feelings about it.
Step 2: Presentation
1. Ask students to read the dialogue and pay attention to the underlined words in the conversation.
2. Review the underlined word with students by invite some of the students to explain the meaning or imitate the words. And write it down on the black board respectively.
3. Divide the words into two groups and ask students to find out the similar letter in each group
4. Lead the students to find the rules of the pronunciation of letter ‘e’ and letter ‘a’ in the stressed close syllable. Conclude the difference between the two sound
Step 3:Practice
1. Read the words on the black board and lead students to repeat after the teacher.
2. Read some words and let students to pick out the words where the pronunciation is ‘e’.
fat set rat
vet get pattern
Step4: Production
1. Ask students to find more words that pronoun ‘/e/’ and ‘/?/’ and divide them into two groups.
2. Ask students to make a dialogue talk about their favourite gift and pay attention to the pronunciation of letter ‘e’ and ‘a’.
Step 5: Summary and Homework
Summary: Ask a student to conclude the content of the lesson and summarize with the whole class.
Homework: Ask students to find more pronunciation of letter ‘e’ and letter ‘a’



【答辩题目解析】
1. In your opinion, how can junior high school students learn pronunciation well?
【参考答案】
As for the students, they have learned English for several years, so they have accumulated some pronunciation knowledge, but they may be lacking in the differences of some similar sound, and they sometimes can’t distinguish the sound by themself. So it is very important for the teacher to lead them to the rules and let them to find the rules, which can both help them to improve the ability study on their own and master the knowledge the same time.In this way, students can learn pronunciation well.
2.How to cultivate students’ sense of pronunciation?
【参考答案】
It is one of the strategies of teaching listening to cultivate students’ sense of pronunciation. Following are the methods. Firstly, students should listen to the tape to imitate the correct pronunciation. Secondly, students should pay more attention to the change of pronunciation in the process of communication. Thirdly, the listening materials should be authentic, just as in real-life listening.