primry health care的含义是( )A.低级的卫生服务 B.初步的卫生服务 C.社会主义初级阶段卫生服务 D.适合我国农村的卫生服务 E.全民需要基本卫生服务

"The key to__________the medical problems is health care reform," said the minister.

A.solve
B.solving
C.being solved
D.be solved

共用题干
第三篇

Exercise Lowers Employers' Health Costs

Companies can save millions in health-care costs simply by encouraging their
employees to exercise a little bit,researchers reported on Friday.
They said obese（肥胖的）employees had higher health-care costs , but lowered those
expenses by exercising just a couple of times a week-without even losing any weight.
Feifei Wang and colleagues at the University of Michigan studied 23,500 workers at
General Motors.
They estimated that getting the most sedentary（惯于久坐的）obese workers to
exercise would have saved about$790,000 a year,or about 1.5 percent of health-care
costs for the whole group.
Company-wide,the potential savings could reach$7.l million per year,they reported
in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
Of the whole group of workers,about 30 percent were of normal weight,45 percent
were overweight（超重的）,and 25 percent were obese. Annual health-care costs averaged
$2, 200 for normal weight,$2, 400 for the overweight,and$2, 700 for obese employees.
But among workers who did no exercise,health-care costs went up by at least$100 a
year,and were$3,000 a year for obese employees who were sedentary.
But adding two or more days of light exercise一at least 20 minutes of exercise or work
hard enough to increase heart rate and breathing一lowered costs by on average$500 per
employee a year,the researchers found.
"This indicates that physical activity behavior could reduce at least some of the harmful
effects of excess body fat,and in consequence,help lower the health-care costs,"Wang
and colleagues wrote.

How often should the employees exercise to help lower the health-care costs?
A:At least seven days a week.
B:At least twenty minutes a week.
C:At least twice a week.
D:At least once a week.

primry healthcare的含义是（ ）

A.低级的卫生服务
B.初步的卫生服务
C.社会主义初级阶段卫生服务
D.适合我国农村的卫生服务
E.全民需要基本卫生服务

Text 2 As lawmakers fight over what conditions insurance companies should be required to cover,other areas of health-care reform remain painfully neglected.One major example:How much should insurance companies pay for what they cover?Consumers rarely care about health-care prices beyond what they personally pay for deductibles,co-payments and prescription drugs.But insurance payments are crucial to understanding why health-care prices have gotten so out of control in the United States.A new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine makes this abundantly clear:Hospital emergency departments across the country are prone to excessively overcharge patients with private insurance,the study found,demanding that patients pay-on average-more than four times what Medicare pays for typical emergency procedures.This is not the heritage of sound medicine.This is the outcome of an extremely complicated and disjointed health-care system-and it's not necessarily the result of greedy hospitals trying to milk large profits out of vulnerable populations.Instead,it's the result of messy provider networks-rife with discounts and confusing contracts,designed by insurance companies and providers to attract customers.There are policy solutions to correct this system.Maryland,for example,has long operated under an"all-payer system"in which everyone pays the same rate for the same treatment-set by an independent state agency.Under this system,Medicare pays higher rates for care than in other states,but in the long run,it saves money-to the tune of$319 million-because the payment system incentivizes hospitals to reduce the number of people they admit.In other words,it encourages payment for quality of care,not quantity.Health-care providers have an incentive to work more closely with nursing facilities to deliver preventive care.Physicians also work more closely with patients to reduce preventable complications and hospital readmissions,which have dropped in Maryland faster than the national average in recent years.This innovative approach to solving price disparities in health-care costs is refreshing,although what works in Maryland might not work everywhere else.But other states have also passed laws to reduce price variation in health care,particularly for uninsured and low-income patients who would be most harmed by surprise medical bills.Unfortunately,reform efforts led by Republicans in Congress will likely worry the health-care industry enough to threaten state-led initiatives.Uncertainty-especially in terms of what our insurance markets will look like a year from now-makes it difficult,if not impossible,for states to experiment with different policies.That's a shame,because that's where the exciting and innovative reforms are happening.
Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A.Uncertainty in the Health-Care Industry
B."All-Payer System"in Maryland
C.The Health-Care Reform Ignored
D.Medicare vs.Private Insurance

Text 2 As lawmakers fight over what conditions insurance companies should be required to cover,other areas of health-care reform remain painfully neglected.One major example:How much should insurance companies pay for what they cover?Consumers rarely care about health-care prices beyond what they personally pay for deductibles,co-payments and prescription drugs.But insurance payments are crucial to understanding why health-care prices have gotten so out of control in the United States.A new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine makes this abundantly clear:Hospital emergency departments across the country are prone to excessively overcharge patients with private insurance,the study found,demanding that patients pay-on average-more than four times what Medicare pays for typical emergency procedures.This is not the heritage of sound medicine.This is the outcome of an extremely complicated and disjointed health-care system-and it's not necessarily the result of greedy hospitals trying to milk large profits out of vulnerable populations.Instead,it's the result of messy provider networks-rife with discounts and confusing contracts,designed by insurance companies and providers to attract customers.There are policy solutions to correct this system.Maryland,for example,has long operated under an"all-payer system"in which everyone pays the same rate for the same treatment-set by an independent state agency.Under this system,Medicare pays higher rates for care than in other states,but in the long run,it saves money-to the tune of$319 million-because the payment system incentivizes hospitals to reduce the number of people they admit.In other words,it encourages payment for quality of care,not quantity.Health-care providers have an incentive to work more closely with nursing facilities to deliver preventive care.Physicians also work more closely with patients to reduce preventable complications and hospital readmissions,which have dropped in Maryland faster than the national average in recent years.This innovative approach to solving price disparities in health-care costs is refreshing,although what works in Maryland might not work everywhere else.But other states have also passed laws to reduce price variation in health care,particularly for uninsured and low-income patients who would be most harmed by surprise medical bills.Unfortunately,reform efforts led by Republicans in Congress will likely worry the health-care industry enough to threaten state-led initiatives.Uncertainty-especially in terms of what our insurance markets will look like a year from now-makes it difficult,if not impossible,for states to experiment with different policies.That's a shame,because that's where the exciting and innovative reforms are happening.
The author's attitude toward reform efforts led by Republicans in Congress is one of_____

A.pity
B.disapproval
C.understanding
D.expectation

"The key to__________the medical problems is health care reform," said the minister.

A.solve
B.solving
C.being solved
D.be solved

共用题干
Health Promotion

1 World health will improve only if the people themselves become involved in planning,
implementing,and having a say about their own health and health care.But involvement
will not just happen.
2 How serious are we about involving individuals,families,and communities?Are we
prepared一mentally and professionally（专业上）一to listen to their concerns,to learn from
them what they feel is important,to share with them appropriate information,to encourage
and support them?In many cases,so far,the answer is"No".We can go on and on
developing plans:nothing will happen unless all health workers,all health managers,and
key professionals（专业人员）in other areas come to realize what is at stake. To overcome
these particular stumbling一blocks（障碍物）,I see three major requirements.
3 First,health workers must understand that the concept of primary health care involves
new roles for them , and a new outlook（观点）.Not only should we be concerned with
disease prevention and control,we must also be concerned with health promotion and care,
and not least with development in general一and with people.Our health technologies must
be based on what the people themselves want and need.
4 Second,health workers must accept their new roles.More yet:they must be keen to
try them out,to broaden their scope and to innovate（创新）in the partnership（合伙人、合
作关系）approach. Their main concern must be to find ways of helping individuals and
communities become self-dependent.
5 This brings me to my third point:health workers must have the necessary skills to
perform these new roles effectively and to make efficient use of existing knowledge.This
calls for a training force fully familiar with previous experience and keen to provide the kind
and quality of professional preparation needed.It also calls for full support from health
manaqers for such traininq.

The concept of primary health care involves new roles for__________.
A: some stumbling-blocks
B: dependent on others
C: the necessary skills
D: self-dependent
E: developing plans
F: health workers

“Primary Health Care”是指（）

A.低级卫生保健
B.初级健康关怀
C.基本卫生保健
D.基础卫生保健

Report: Kilmer Health Care Center in Top 10%
According to a report that was recently published in Consumer Quarterly, the Kilmer Health Care Center at
University Village is ranked in the top 10 percent of all nursing homes in Ohio.
The Kilmer Health Care Center opened four years ago with 48 private rooms. Thirty-six of the rooms are for
assisted living, and twelve are for constant care. The Kilmer Health Care Center offers residents an array of services from housekeeping and meal delivery, to transportation and medical services.
Consumer Quarterly looked at three main factors to come up with the nursing home rankings. The first was
how the facility ranked in their state inspections. The second was the ratio of the number of care givers,
(including nurses and nurse's aides), to the number of residents. Finally, they looked at the services the facility offers and compared those to the current and future needs of the residents who live there.
Consumer Quarterly hopes the report encourages those facilities ranked in the lower 10% to review and
improve their operations.
How many rooms in Kilmer Health Care
Center are intended for assisted living?

A. 12

B. 36

C. 48

D. 66

Text 2 As lawmakers fight over what conditions insurance companies should be required to cover,other areas of health-care reform remain painfully neglected.One major example:How much should insurance companies pay for what they cover?Consumers rarely care about health-care prices beyond what they personally pay for deductibles,co-payments and prescription drugs.But insurance payments are crucial to understanding why health-care prices have gotten so out of control in the United States.A new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine makes this abundantly clear:Hospital emergency departments across the country are prone to excessively overcharge patients with private insurance,the study found,demanding that patients pay-on average-more than four times what Medicare pays for typical emergency procedures.This is not the heritage of sound medicine.This is the outcome of an extremely complicated and disjointed health-care system-and it's not necessarily the result of greedy hospitals trying to milk large profits out of vulnerable populations.Instead,it's the result of messy provider networks-rife with discounts and confusing contracts,designed by insurance companies and providers to attract customers.There are policy solutions to correct this system.Maryland,for example,has long operated under an"all-payer system"in which everyone pays the same rate for the same treatment-set by an independent state agency.Under this system,Medicare pays higher rates for care than in other states,but in the long run,it saves money-to the tune of$319 million-because the payment system incentivizes hospitals to reduce the number of people they admit.In other words,it encourages payment for quality of care,not quantity.Health-care providers have an incentive to work more closely with nursing facilities to deliver preventive care.Physicians also work more closely with patients to reduce preventable complications and hospital readmissions,which have dropped in Maryland faster than the national average in recent years.This innovative approach to solving price disparities in health-care costs is refreshing,although what works in Maryland might not work everywhere else.But other states have also passed laws to reduce price variation in health care,particularly for uninsured and low-income patients who would be most harmed by surprise medical bills.Unfortunately,reform efforts led by Republicans in Congress will likely worry the health-care industry enough to threaten state-led initiatives.Uncertainty-especially in terms of what our insurance markets will look like a year from now-makes it difficult,if not impossible,for states to experiment with different policies.That's a shame,because that's where the exciting and innovative reforms are happening.
The wide variation in health-care prices is mainly caused by_____

A.the vulnerable populations
B.the greedy hospitals
C.differences in treatment preferences
D.the disorganized provider networks

共用题干
第一篇

Exercise Lowers Employers' Health Costs

Companies can save millions in health-care costs simply by encouraging their employees to exercise a little bit,researchers reported on Friday.
They said obese（肥胖的）employees had higher health-care costs , but lowered those expenses by exercising just a couple of times a week一without even losing any weight.
Feifei Wang and colleagues at the University of Michigan studied 23,500 workers at General Motors.
They estimated that getting the most sedentary (惯于久坐的）obese workers to
exercise would have saved about$790,000 a year,or about 1.5 percent of health-care
costs for the whole group.
Company-wide,the potential savings could reach$7.1million per year,they reported
in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
Of the whole group of workers,about 30 percent were of normal weight,45 percent
were overweight（超重的）,and 25 percent were obese. Annual health-care costs
averaged$2,200 for normal weight,$2,400 for the overweight,and$2,700 for obese
employees.
But among workers who did no exercise,health-care costs went up by at least $100 a
year,and were $3,000 a year for obese employees who were sedentary.
But adding two or more days of light exercise一at least 20 minutes of exercise or work
hard enough to increase heart rate and breathing一lowered costs by on average$500 per
employee a year,the researchers found.
"This indicates that physical activity behavior could reduce at least some of the harmful
effects of excess body fat,and in consequence,help lower the health-care costs,"Wang
and colleagues wrote.

How often should the employees exercise to help lower the health-care costs?
A:At least seven days a week.
B:At least twenty minutes a week.
C:At least twice a week.
D:At least once a week.