A carrier or a shipper ________ to enter into any agreement， stipulation， condition， reservation or exception as to the responsibility and liability of the carrier or the ship for the loss of or damage to， or in connection with， the custody and care and h

______ is entitled to enter into，with a shipper，any agreement，stipulation，condition，reservation or exception as to the responsibility and liability of the carrier or the ship for the loss of or damage to，or in connection with，the custody and care and handling of the goods prior to the loading on，and subsequent to the discharge from，the ship on which the goods are carried by sea．

A.A carrier

B.A consignee

C.A consigner

D.A receiver

A shipper who furnishes the carrier with written information concerning the cargo to be shipped has a right to insist the master or other agent of the carrier ______ a bill of lading incorporating the information so furnished．

A.issuing

B.writing

C.giving

D.making

Any shipper can insist upon the bill of lading incorporating a statement as to ______ of the goods．

A.reasonable order and condition

B.apparent order and condition

C.rational order and condition

D.good order and condition

材料：

The endorsement of a nonnegotiable bill does not make the bill negotiable or give the transferee any additional right．A person to whom a nonnegotiable bill has been transferred by delivery and agreement to transfer title to the bill or to the GOODs which it represents acquires the title to the GOODs as against the transferor．The transferee may also notify the carrier of the transfer to him，and the carrier is then obligated directly to the transferee for any obligations the carrier owed to the transferor immediately before the notification．

More specifically，the carrier is liable to the owner of GOODs transported under a nonnegotiable bill，subject to the right of stoppage in transit．Besides having to be the owner of the GOODs covered by the nonnegotiable bill，the claimant in such a case must have actually relied in GOOD faith on statements made by the carrier on the bill．The carrier is liable for having stated on the bill that he received GOODs when in fact he had not，and for having delivered the GOODs in a quantity，kind，weight or condition other than as stated on the bill．

In general，the carrier must deliver the GOODs on demand of the consignee named in a nonnegotiable bill of lading．However，on the endorsement of a nonnegotiable bill，the GOODs may be delivered to a party entitled to their possession．The carrier is liable toward the person having title to，or a right to possession of，the GOODs for delivering them to a party not entitled to their possession．

问题：

The endorsement of a nonnegotiable bill transfers ________．

A.the title to the GOODs from the transferor to the transferee

B.the title to the GOODs from the transferee to the transferor

C.in no way the title to the GOODs from the transferor to the transferee

D.the GOODs to the party entitled to their possession

The transferee of a nonnegotiable bill acquires the title to the GOODs ________．A.by taking delivery of the bill and entering into an agreement to transfer title to the bill or to the GOODs

B.by having the carrier actually delivered the GOODs to him

C.by having the transferor endorsed the nonnegotiable bill

D.in no way

If the GOODs were thus transferred，and the carrier delivered the GOODs in a quantity，kind，weight or condition other than as stated on the bill，________．A.he is liable

B.he is not liable

C.it can not be determined whether he is liable or not

D.whether he is liable or not is to be determined by the law of the ship’s flag

In the event of a nonnegotiable bill has been actually transferred，if the carrier stated on the bill that he received GOODs when in fact he had not，________ is liable．A.he

B.the transferor

C.the transferee

D.the person having title to，or a right to possession of，the GOODs

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

材料：

The shipper shall be deemed to have guaranteed to the carrier the accuracy at the time of shipment of the marks，number，quantity and weight，as furnished by him，and the shipper shall indemnify the carrier against all loss，damages and expenses arising or resulting from inaccuracies in such particulars．The right of the carrier to such indemnity shall in no way limit his responsibility and liability under the contract of carriage to any person other than the shipper．

Unless notice of loss or damage and the general nature of such loss or damage be given before or at the time of the removal of the GOODs into the custody of the person entitled to delivery thereof under the contract of carriage，or，if the loss or damage be not apparent，within three days，such removal shall be prima facie evidence of the delivery by the carrier of the GOODs as described in the bill of lading．

The notice in writing need not be given if the state of the GOODs has，at the time of their receipt，been the subject of joint survey or inspection．

In any event the carrier and the ship shall be discharged from all liability in respect of loss or damage unless suit is brought within one year after delivery of the GOODs or the date when the GOODs should have been delivered. In the case of any actual or apprehended loss or damage the carrier and the receiver shall give all reasonable facilities to each other for inspecting and tallying the GOODs．

问题：

It can be concluded that the purpose of this clause is to protect the interest of ________．

A.ship owners

B.shippers

C.charterers

D.the merchant

The duration of the liability of the carrier or ship in respect of loss of or damage to cargo is ________．A.one year

B.three days

C.not mentioned

D.variable with the kind of cargo carried and the voyage the vessel has completed

This clause is most likely extracted from ________．A.Hague Rules

B.Marpol 73/78

C.SOLAS

D.IMDG Code

It is provided in the clause that ________．A.the shipper shall not indemnify the carrier against all loss，damages and expenses arising or resulting from inaccuracies in particulars concerning cargoes

B.the shipper shall indemnify the carrier against no loss，damage and expense arising or resulting from inaccuracies in particulars concerning cargoes

C.the shipper shall not be deemed to have guaranteed to the carrier the accuracy at the time of shipment of the marks，number，quantity and weight，as furnished by him

D.the shipper shall be deemed to have guaranteed to the carrier the accuracy at the time of shipment of the marks，number，quantity and weight，as furnished by him

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

______ means any person by whom or in whose name a contract of carriage of goods by sea has been concluded with a shipper．

A.Charterer

B.Consignee

C.Consignor

D.Carrier

According to bill of lading，the weight，measure，marks，numbers，quality，contents and value，being particulars furnished by ______，are not checked by the carrier on loading．

A.the Shipowner

B.the Charterer

C.the receiver

D.the shipper

Sometimes the contract expressly gives the carrier the right to carry the goods beyond their destination，provided that ______ transships them and sends them back．

A.he

B.she

C.it

D.the shipper

材料：

The contract of carriage of GOODs by sea is usually concluded as between the shipper and the carrier，either directly or through their respective agents．

Consequently，by virtue of the historic principle of privity of contract，only the shipper and the carrier have the right to take action against one another under the contract of carriage．The only clear exception to the rule was where the party having the right to sue assigned that right under a separate agreement to another party．

On the other hand，when GOODs are sold（as they typically are）prior to shipment，the terms of sale generally result in the risk in the GOODs passing from the seller（the shipper）to the buyer（the consignee or endorsee，in the case of a bill of lading，or the party entitled to take delivery under a waybill）when the GOODs cross the ship&39;s rail in the port of loading．

Therefore，although the law recognizes that the shipper alone has the right to sue the carrier in contract for subsequent cargo loss or damage occurring while the carrier had charge of the shipment，the shipper is not usually the party who actually suffers that loss．

Frequently，also，depending on the terms of sale，the shipper will no longer be the owner of the GOODs at the time when the loss or damage occurs，and so will be unable to sue the carrier in tort．

问题：

The contract of carriage of GOODs by sea is usually concluded as between ________．

A.the seller and the buyer

B.the shipper and the consignee or endorsee

C.the carrier and the consignee or endorsee

D.the shipper and the carrier

It is concluded ________ that only the shipper and the carrier have the right to take action against one another under the contract of carriage．A.by maritime laws

B.by a mainstay of the common law in particular

C.by virtue of the historic principle of privity of contract

D.by shipping practice

When GOODs are sold prior to shipment the risk in the GOODs passes ________．A.from the shipper to the carrier

B.from the seller to the buyer

C.from the carrier to the shipper

D.from the buyer to the seller

When GOODs are sold prior to shipment the shipper ________．A.is not usually the party who actually suffers the subsequent loss

B.is usually the party who actually suffers the subsequent loss

C.will still be the owner of the GOODs at the time when the loss or damage occurs

D.will be responsible for the loss of or damage to the cargo he shipped

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

材料：

The carrier who does not pack a container cannot determine the sufficiency of packing of individual cartons within the container．Thus the carrier is not estopped from proving the insufficiency of packing of the GOODs within the container stuffed and sealed by the shipper，even where the carrier has issued a clean bill of lading．

The principle of estoppel only applies to the apparent order and condition of the exterior of the container．The carrier has no duty to inspect the cargo of the shipper-packed container，unless its packaging is apparently inadequate or the shipper has given the carrier special instructions as to the special requirements of the cargo．This view places the burden of inspection and ascertainment of special stowage needs on the party most likely to know of or best equipped to discover such needs．

Both the condition of the container and the packing of the individual objects inside are important．The condition of the container supplied by a shipper may preclude recovery by cargo interests in various situations，for example，where the container&39;s insufficient ventilation causes the GOODs to spoil．

Improper packing of objects（e.g．defective“stuffing”of GOODs into a container）may also constitute a case of insufficiency of packing by the shipper．For example，antiques，furniture，porcelain and crystal had been shipped in containers．The porcelain and crystal which had been packed in cartons suffered no damage，but the furniture and antiques which had only been wrapped in paper were damaged. The carrier was not held responsible as the packing was deemed to be insufficient．

问题：

If the carrier has issued a clean bill of lading for the general cargo on board of his ship，he will be ________．

A.precluded from recovery of any loss or damage from any interests

B.prevented from making a denial that the cargo was packed in apparently GOOD order and condition

C.entitled to make any allegation that contradicts what he has previously stated that the cargo was properly packed

D.estopped from proving the sufficiency of packing of the GOODs

It is inferred that this passage prepared to protect the interests of ________．A.the shipper

B.the supplier of containers

C.the cargo interests

D.the carrier

It is implied in the passage that ________．A.the carrier will not be responsible for the damage to a cargo contained in a container supplied by the carrier

B.the carrier will in no way be responsible for the damage to a cargo contained in a container supplied by the shipper

C.the carrier will be estopped from proving the insufficiency of packing of the GOODs within the container stuffed and sealed by the shipper even he has issued a clean bill of lading

D.by the principle of estoppel，the carrier will not be held responsible even the cargoes，such as antiques，furniture，porcelain and crystal，had been shipped in one container

The insufficient ventilation of a container supplied by a shipper that causes the GOODs to spoil may preclude recovery ________．A.by the cargo interests against the carrier

B.by the carrier against the owners

C.by the shipper against cargo interests

D.by the carrier against the cargo interests

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！