(15 minutes)Directions :Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A , B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.In addition to the established energy sources such as gas ,coal ,oil and nuclear ,there are a num-ber of other
题目
(15 minutes)
Directions :
Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A , B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.
In addition to the established energy sources such as gas ,coal ,oil and nuclear ,there are a num-ber of other sources that we ought to consider. Two of these are hydroelectric and tidal power. These two sources are (21) in that they are both renewable. (22) ,hydropower is more widely used than tidal.ln (23) ,a substantial amount of electricity is already produced in HEP (hydroelectric power)stations worldwide, (24) tidal stations are stillin the very early (25) of development. .
As far as geographical (26) is concerned ,HEP projects are to be found on lakes and rivers, whiletidal (27)are constructed only at river mouths where tidal (28) is great .Unfortunately these are (29) in number. At present HEP stations are found mainly in Norway ,Canada ,Sweden and Brazil ,whereas tidal plants are in (30) in France ,Russia and China.
As regards capital (31) ,both require very high..investment. On the other hand ,generating(32) are quite low in both cases .ln fact,a large scale HEP plant is capable of producing power more (33) than conventional sources ,such as coal ,oil and nuclear plants. Tidal power also com-pares (34) with nuclear and oil generated electricity, (35) the amount of money on production.
(36) HEP stations ,tidalconstructions have alonglife (37).Itis estimated thatthey can operate foroverl00 years. With respect to (38) 0f supply ,tidal stations (39) from HEP ones in that they often can only supply power (40). HEP stations ,however ,provide a constant supply of elec-tricity.
21.
[ A] compatible
[ B ] parallel
[ C] similar
[ D] identical
相似考题
更多“(15 minutes)Directions :Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A , B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.In addition to the established energy sources such as gas ,coal ,oil and nuclear ,there are a num-ber of other ”相关问题
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第1题：
Ⅱ. Vocabulary and Structure (15 points)
Directions, There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.
6. I know the difference between these two words. So ______ they.
A. know
B. will
C. do
D. does
正确答案：C6．答案为C 我知道这两个词的区别，他们也知道。so表示“也...”，句型为so+助动词+主语，根据前一句的谓语动词，得知应选C。
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第2题：
Directions: There are 15 sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.
6. ______ you go there early, there won't be much a chance of getting a ticket.
A. Until
B. If
C. Unless
D. If only
正确答案：C答案为C。不会有很多机会得到票，除非你早点到那儿。unless“除非”；until“直到” if“如果”；if ioly如果......该多好”。只有C选项能用在句中。
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第3题：
共用题干
第二篇
Energy and Public Lands
The United States boasts substantial energy resources.Federal lands provide a good deal of US energy
production,the US Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing（租赁）,both on land and on
the offshore Outer Continental Shelf. Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total
annual US energy production.
In 2000,32 percent of US oil,35 percent of natural gas,and 37 percent of coal were produced from
federal lands,representing 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal leases.Federal lands
are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of
undiscovered natural gas.
Revenues from federal oil,gas,and coal leasing provide significant returns to US taxpayers as well as
State Government.In 1999,for example,$553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the US Treasury,
and non-Indian coal leases accounted for over $304 million in revenues,of which 50 percent were paid to
State governments.Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery.Each year,federal land managers
authorize rights of way for transmission lines,rail systems,pipelines,and other facilities related to energy
production and use.
Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production,though the
amount is still significant. For example , federal geothermal（地热）resources produce about 7. 5 billion
kilowatt-hours（千瓦时）of electricity per year , 47 percent of all electricity generated from US geothermal
energy.There are 2,960 wind turbines on public lands in California alone,producing electricity for about
300 ,000 people. Federal hydropower（水电）facilities produce about 17 percent of all hydropower produced
in the United States.
Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil
sources,pressure on public lands to meet US energy demand is becoming more intense.Public lands are
available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process.
If development of energy resources conflicts with management or use of other resources,development restric-
tions or impact moderation measures may be enforced,or mineral production may be banned altogether.Which of the following statements is true of public lands in the U.S.?
A:Half of US energy is produced there.
B:The majority of undiscovered natural gas is stored there.
C:Most of coal was produced from there in 2000.
D:Most energy resources are reserved there.答案：B解析：本文前四段都在从各个侧面强调公共土地在美国能源生产方面占有巨大的份额，最后 一段又讲对这些能源的开发需求，B、C、D三项都是文中某一段体现的观点，只有A项涵盖最 全面，故选A。
根据文章第二段最后一句“Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.”可知B 项正确。
根据文章第四段“For example”前的那句话“Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production , though the amount is still significant.”可知答案。 though在此意为“然而”。
根据文章最后一段第一句话“Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil sources,pressure on public lands to meet US energy demand is becoming more intense.”可知答案。
根据文章最后一段第二句话“Public lands are available for energy development only aftei they have been evaluated through the land use planning process.”可知答案。第三篇 本文介绍了蜜獾好奇、多变、凶狠的性格及其广泛的捕食对象、大面积的狩猎范围和松散的 家庭群落等内容。 -
第4题：
共用题干
第二篇
Energy and Public Lands
The United States boasts substantial energy resources.Federal lands provide a good deal of US energy
production,the US Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing（租赁）,both on land and on
the offshore Outer Continental Shelf. Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total
annual US energy production.
In 2000,32 percent of US oil,35 percent of natural gas,and 37 percent of coal were produced from
federal lands,representing 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal leases.Federal lands
are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of
undiscovered natural gas.
Revenues from federal oil,gas,and coal leasing provide significant returns to US taxpayers as well as
State Government.In 1999,for example,$553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the US Treasury,
and non-Indian coal leases accounted for over $304 million in revenues,of which 50 percent were paid to
State governments.Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery.Each year,federal land managers
authorize rights of way for transmission lines,rail systems,pipelines,and other facilities related to energy
production and use.
Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production,though the
amount is still significant. For example , federal geothermal（地热）resources produce about 7. 5 billion
kilowatt-hours（千瓦时）of electricity per year , 47 percent of all electricity generated from US geothermal
energy.There are 2,960 wind turbines on public lands in California alone,producing electricity for about
300 ,000 people. Federal hydropower（水电）facilities produce about 17 percent of all hydropower produced
in the United States.
Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil
sources,pressure on public lands to meet US energy demand is becoming more intense.Public lands are
available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process.
If development of energy resources conflicts with management or use of other resources,development restric-
tions or impact moderation measures may be enforced,or mineral production may be banned altogether.Geothermal resources,wind turbines,and hydropower facilities in Paragraph 4 are cited as examples to illustrate that_________________.
A:alternative energy production is no less than conventional energy production
B:the amount of alternative energy production from public lands is huge
C:they are the most typical conventional energy resources from public lands
D:geothermal resources are more important than the other two答案：B解析：本文前四段都在从各个侧面强调公共土地在美国能源生产方面占有巨大的份额，最后 一段又讲对这些能源的开发需求，B、C、D三项都是文中某一段体现的观点，只有A项涵盖最 全面，故选A。
根据文章第二段最后一句“Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.”可知B 项正确。
根据文章第四段“For example”前的那句话“Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production , though the amount is still significant.”可知答案。 though在此意为“然而”。
根据文章最后一段第一句话“Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil sources,pressure on public lands to meet US energy demand is becoming more intense.”可知答案。
根据文章最后一段第二句话“Public lands are available for energy development only aftei they have been evaluated through the land use planning process.”可知答案。第三篇 本文介绍了蜜獾好奇、多变、凶狠的性格及其广泛的捕食对象、大面积的狩猎范围和松散的 家庭群落等内容。 -
第5题：
PART Ⅰ: INCOMPLETE SENTENCES
Directions: This part of the test has incomplete sentences. Four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), (D), are given beneath each sentence. You are to choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and mark your answer.
1. It is on October 1,2009 that the People's Republic of China ______ its 60th birthday.A. congratulated
B. kept
C. remained
D. celebrated答案：D解析：这句话的意思是：2009年10月1日，中华人民共和国(人民)庆祝祖国建立60周年。congratulate表示"向某人祝 贺"；keep表示"保持，遵守"；remain表示"逗留，继续存在"；celebrate表示"庆祝，庆贺，赞美，歌颂"。故D项符合题意。 -
第6题：
PART Ⅰ: INCOMPLETE SENTENCES
Directions: This part of the test has incomplete sentences. Four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), (D), are given beneath each sentence. You are to choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and mark your answer.
Actress Lisa Ross--Ellis filed a lawsuit against The Entertainment Files magazine over false ______ made in their November issue.A. accuse
B. accusative
C. accusations
D. accusatory答案：C解析：accuse是动词，表示"谴责，控告"；accusative表示"宾格(的)"；accusation是名词，表示"指控，罪 名"；accusatory是形容词，表示"责难的，指责的，控诉的"。根据上下文，这里应该填入一个名词，作为定语从句的先行词。故本题正确答案为C。 -
第7题：
共用题干
Energy and Public Lands
The United States boasts substantial energy resources. Federal lands provide a good deal of US energy production,the US Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing （租赁）both on land and on the offshore Outer Continental Shelf Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total annual US energy production.
In 2000,32 percent of US oil,35 percent of natural gas,and 37 percent of coal were pro-duced from federal lands,representing 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal leases. Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undis-covered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.
Revenues from federal oil,gas,and coal leasing provide significant returns to US taxpayers as well as State Government. In 1999,for example,$553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the US Treasury,and non-India coal leases accounted for over$304 million in revenues,of which 50 percent were paid to State governments. Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery. Each year , federal land managers authorize（许可）rights of way for transmission lines , rail systems , pipe-lines,and other facilities related to energy production and use.
Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy pro-duction , though the amount is still significant. For example , federal geothermal（地热）re-sources produce about 7. 5 billion kilowatt-hours（千瓦时）of electricity per year,47 percent of all electricity generated from US geothermal energy. There are 2,960 wind turbines on public lands in California alone,producing electricity for about 300,000 people. Federal hydropower （水电）facilities produce about 17 percent of all hydropower produced in the United States.
Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with depend-ence on foreign off sources,pressure on public lands to meet US energy demand is becoming more intense. Public lands are available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process.If development of energy resources conflicts with management or use of other resources,development restrictions or impact moderation measures may be enforced,or mineral be banned altogether.Which of the following statements is true of public lands in the U. S.?
A: Half of US energy is produced there.
B: Most of coal was produced from there in 2000.
C: Most energy resources are reserved there.
D: The majority of undiscovered natural gas is stored there.答案：D解析：题干意为“这篇短文的主旨是什么？公共土地在能源生产方面发挥了重要作用。”短文第一段第二句提到“联邦土地为美国的能源生产提供了大量资源”，下文分别介绍了公共土地提供传统能源和替代能源的情况，故选C。
题干意为“关于美国的公共土地，下列哪一项叙述是真实的？大部分未开发的天然气存储在那里。”短文第二段最后一句提到“据估计，联邦土地中蕴含美国未开发天然气资源的74 %”，故选D。
题干意为“第四段中提到的地热资源，风力涡轮机和水力发电设备作为例子是用来证明 来自公共土地的替代能源资源数量非常大。”短文第四段第一句提到“联邦土地的替代能源生产要落后于传统能源生产，尽管前者的数量也非常巨大”，下文用几个数字表明替代资源的客观数量：地热资源每年生产75亿千瓦时的电力，仅加利福尼亚的公共土地上就有 2960个风力涡轮机等，水电生产占全美国水电生产的17%。故选D。
题干意为“公共土地在满足美国能源需要方面的压力不断增加，因为 美国需要越来越多的能源。”短文第五段第一句提到美国对能源的渴求不断增长，而且公众对于依靠进口资源这种状况感到不安，所以公共土地在满足美国能源需求方面的压力越来越大。故选B。
题干意为“当公共土地通过土地利用规划程序 时它们才可以用于能源开发。”短文最后一段第二句提到“公共土地只有通过了土地利用规划程序才可以用来开发能源”，故选A。 -
第8题：
共用题干
Energy and Public Lands
The United States boasts substantial energy resources. Federal lands provide a good deal of US energy production,the US Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing （租赁）both on land and on the offshore Outer Continental Shelf Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total annual US energy production.
In 2000,32 percent of US oil,35 percent of natural gas,and 37 percent of coal were pro-duced from federal lands,representing 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal leases. Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undis-covered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.
Revenues from federal oil,gas,and coal leasing provide significant returns to US taxpayers as well as State Government. In 1999,for example,$553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the US Treasury,and non-India coal leases accounted for over$304 million in revenues,of which 50 percent were paid to State governments. Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery. Each year , federal land managers authorize（许可）rights of way for transmission lines , rail systems , pipe-lines,and other facilities related to energy production and use.
Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy pro-duction , though the amount is still significant. For example , federal geothermal（地热）re-sources produce about 7. 5 billion kilowatt-hours（千瓦时）of electricity per year,47 percent of all electricity generated from US geothermal energy. There are 2,960 wind turbines on public lands in California alone,producing electricity for about 300,000 people. Federal hydropower （水电）facilities produce about 17 percent of all hydropower produced in the United States.
Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with depend-ence on foreign off sources,pressure on public lands to meet US energy demand is becoming more intense. Public lands are available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process.If development of energy resources conflicts with management or use of other resources,development restrictions or impact moderation measures may be enforced,or mineral be banned altogether.Public lands can be used for energy development when______.
A: they go through the land use planning process
B: energy development restrictions are effective
C: federal land managers grant permissions
D: there is enough federal budget答案：A解析：题干意为“这篇短文的主旨是什么？公共土地在能源生产方面发挥了重要作用。”短文第一段第二句提到“联邦土地为美国的能源生产提供了大量资源”，下文分别介绍了公共土地提供传统能源和替代能源的情况，故选C。
题干意为“关于美国的公共土地，下列哪一项叙述是真实的？大部分未开发的天然气存储在那里。”短文第二段最后一句提到“据估计，联邦土地中蕴含美国未开发天然气资源的74 %”，故选D。
题干意为“第四段中提到的地热资源，风力涡轮机和水力发电设备作为例子是用来证明 来自公共土地的替代能源资源数量非常大。”短文第四段第一句提到“联邦土地的替代能源生产要落后于传统能源生产，尽管前者的数量也非常巨大”，下文用几个数字表明替代资源的客观数量：地热资源每年生产75亿千瓦时的电力，仅加利福尼亚的公共土地上就有 2960个风力涡轮机等，水电生产占全美国水电生产的17%。故选D。
题干意为“公共土地在满足美国能源需要方面的压力不断增加，因为 美国需要越来越多的能源。”短文第五段第一句提到美国对能源的渴求不断增长，而且公众对于依靠进口资源这种状况感到不安，所以公共土地在满足美国能源需求方面的压力越来越大。故选B。
题干意为“当公共土地通过土地利用规划程序 时它们才可以用于能源开发。”短文最后一段第二句提到“公共土地只有通过了土地利用规划程序才可以用来开发能源”，故选A。 -
第9题：
共用题干
Energy and Public Lands
The United States boasts substantial energy resources. Federal lands provide a good deal of US energy production,the US Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing （租赁）both on land and on the offshore Outer Continental Shelf Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total annual US energy production.
In 2000,32 percent of US oil,35 percent of natural gas,and 37 percent of coal were pro-duced from federal lands,representing 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal leases. Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undis-covered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.
Revenues from federal oil,gas,and coal leasing provide significant returns to US taxpayers as well as State Government. In 1999,for example,$553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the US Treasury,and non-India coal leases accounted for over$304 million in revenues,of which 50 percent were paid to State governments. Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery. Each year , federal land managers authorize（许可）rights of way for transmission lines , rail systems , pipe-lines,and other facilities related to energy production and use.
Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy pro-duction , though the amount is still significant. For example , federal geothermal（地热）re-sources produce about 7. 5 billion kilowatt-hours（千瓦时）of electricity per year,47 percent of all electricity generated from US geothermal energy. There are 2,960 wind turbines on public lands in California alone,producing electricity for about 300,000 people. Federal hydropower （水电）facilities produce about 17 percent of all hydropower produced in the United States.
Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with depend-ence on foreign off sources,pressure on public lands to meet US energy demand is becoming more intense. Public lands are available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process.If development of energy resources conflicts with management or use of other resources,development restrictions or impact moderation measures may be enforced,or mineral be banned altogether.Geothermal resources,wind turbines,and hydropower facilities in Paragraph 4 are ci-ted as examples to illustrate that______.
A: alternative energy production is no less than conventional energy production
B: they are the most typical conventional energy resources from public lands
C: geothermal resources are more important than the other two
D: the amount of alternative energy production from public lands is huge答案：D解析：题干意为“这篇短文的主旨是什么？公共土地在能源生产方面发挥了重要作用。”短文第一段第二句提到“联邦土地为美国的能源生产提供了大量资源”，下文分别介绍了公共土地提供传统能源和替代能源的情况，故选C。
题干意为“关于美国的公共土地，下列哪一项叙述是真实的？大部分未开发的天然气存储在那里。”短文第二段最后一句提到“据估计，联邦土地中蕴含美国未开发天然气资源的74 %”，故选D。
题干意为“第四段中提到的地热资源，风力涡轮机和水力发电设备作为例子是用来证明 来自公共土地的替代能源资源数量非常大。”短文第四段第一句提到“联邦土地的替代能源生产要落后于传统能源生产，尽管前者的数量也非常巨大”，下文用几个数字表明替代资源的客观数量：地热资源每年生产75亿千瓦时的电力，仅加利福尼亚的公共土地上就有 2960个风力涡轮机等，水电生产占全美国水电生产的17%。故选D。
题干意为“公共土地在满足美国能源需要方面的压力不断增加，因为 美国需要越来越多的能源。”短文第五段第一句提到美国对能源的渴求不断增长，而且公众对于依靠进口资源这种状况感到不安，所以公共土地在满足美国能源需求方面的压力越来越大。故选B。
题干意为“当公共土地通过土地利用规划程序 时它们才可以用于能源开发。”短文最后一段第二句提到“公共土地只有通过了土地利用规划程序才可以用来开发能源”，故选A。 -
第10题：
共用题干
第一篇
Energy and Public Lands
The United States boasts substantial energy resources?Federal lands provide。good deal of US energy
production,the US Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing（租赁）,both on land and on
the offshore Outer Continental Shelf. Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total
annual US energy production.
In 2000,32 percent of US oil,35 percent of natural ga9,and 37 percent Of coal were produced from
federal lands,representing 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal leases.Federal lands
are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of
undiscovered natural gas.
Revenues from federal oil,gas,and coal leasing provide significant returns to US taxpayers as well as
State government,In 1999,for example,$553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the US Treasury,
and non-Indian coal leases accounted for over $304 million in revenues, of which 50 percent were paid to
State governments,Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery.Each year,federal land managers
authorize rights of way for transmission lines,rail systems,pipelines,and other facilities related to energy
production and use.
Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production,though the
amount is still significant. For example , federal geothermal (地热）resources produce about 7. 5 billion
kilowatt-hours（千瓦时）of electricity per year , 47 percent of all electricity generated from US geothermal
energy.There are 2,960 wind turbines on public lands in California alone,producing electricity for about
300 ,000 people. Federal hydropower（水电）facilities produce about 17 percent of all hydropower produced
in the United States.
Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil
sources,pressure on public lands to meet US energy demnand is becoming more intense.Public lands are
available for energy development oniy after they have been evaivated through the land use planning process.
If development of energy resources conflicts with management or use of other resources,development restric-
lions or impact moderation measures may be enforced,or mineral production may he banned altogether.There is a mounting pressure on public lands to satisfy US energy demands because_______.
A:many Americans are unhappy with energy development in foreign countries
B:quite a few public lands are banned for energy development
C:the U.S.is demanding more and more energy
D:many Americans think public lands are being abused答案：C解析：本文前四段都在从各个侧面强调公共土地在美国能源生产方面占有巨大的份额，最后 一段又讲对这些能源的开发需求，B、C、D三项都是文中某一段体现的观点，只有A项涵盖最 全面，故选A。
根据文章第二段最后一句“Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.”可知B 项正确。
根据文章第四段“'For example”前的那句话“Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production , though the amount is still significant.”可知答案。 though在此意为“然而”。
根据文章最后一段第一句话“Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil sources,pressure on public lands to meet US energy demand is becoming more intense.”可知答案。
根据文章最后一段第二句话“Public lands are available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process.”可知答案。第二篇 本文通过一项实验向我们讲述了一个发现：人们会注意到他们需要和追求的东西且这一过程不涉及思考。 -
第11题：
共用题干
第一篇
Energy and Public Lands
The United States boasts substantial energy resources?Federal lands provide。good deal of US energy
production,the US Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing（租赁）,both on land and on
the offshore Outer Continental Shelf. Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total
annual US energy production.
In 2000,32 percent of US oil,35 percent of natural ga9,and 37 percent Of coal were produced from
federal lands,representing 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal leases.Federal lands
are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of
undiscovered natural gas.
Revenues from federal oil,gas,and coal leasing provide significant returns to US taxpayers as well as
State government,In 1999,for example,$553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the US Treasury,
and non-Indian coal leases accounted for over $304 million in revenues, of which 50 percent were paid to
State governments,Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery.Each year,federal land managers
authorize rights of way for transmission lines,rail systems,pipelines,and other facilities related to energy
production and use.
Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production,though the
amount is still significant. For example , federal geothermal (地热）resources produce about 7. 5 billion
kilowatt-hours（千瓦时）of electricity per year , 47 percent of all electricity generated from US geothermal
energy.There are 2,960 wind turbines on public lands in California alone,producing electricity for about
300 ,000 people. Federal hydropower（水电）facilities produce about 17 percent of all hydropower produced
in the United States.
Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil
sources,pressure on public lands to meet US energy demnand is becoming more intense.Public lands are
available for energy development oniy after they have been evaivated through the land use planning process.
If development of energy resources conflicts with management or use of other resources,development restric-
lions or impact moderation measures may be enforced,or mineral production may he banned altogether.Which of the following statements is true of public lands in the U.S.?
A:Half of US energy is produced there.
B:The majority of undiscovered natural gas is stored there.
C:Most of coal was produced from there in 2000.
D:Most energy resources are reserved there.答案：B解析：本文前四段都在从各个侧面强调公共土地在美国能源生产方面占有巨大的份额，最后 一段又讲对这些能源的开发需求，B、C、D三项都是文中某一段体现的观点，只有A项涵盖最 全面，故选A。
根据文章第二段最后一句“Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.”可知B 项正确。
根据文章第四段“'For example”前的那句话“Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production , though the amount is still significant.”可知答案。 though在此意为“然而”。
根据文章最后一段第一句话“Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil sources,pressure on public lands to meet US energy demand is becoming more intense.”可知答案。
根据文章最后一段第二句话“Public lands are available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process.”可知答案。第二篇 本文通过一项实验向我们讲述了一个发现：人们会注意到他们需要和追求的东西且这一过程不涉及思考。 -
第12题：
问答题Practice 3 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic: Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, natural gas, are used in many countries. But in some countries, the use of alternative sources of energy, including wind and solar power, are encouraged. Is this trend a positive or a negative development? You should write at least 250 words.正确答案： 【参考范文】
The competition between nations largely depends on who can have a head start in energy after Industrial Revolution, as many mainstream energy sources are not renewable. Some people believe that traditional fuels, namely coal, oil, and gas, are the main sources rather than alternative sources like wind energy and solar energy. In my opinion, alternative sources of energy should be encouraged to utilize throughout the world.
Human beings’ use of energy in fossil fuels has had a long history and already gained popularity in most countries. Nonetheless, those traditional resources are exhaustible and will dry up in a foreseeable future. Alternative ways should be found for a sustainable future.
There are mainly two benefits of using alternative resource: Firstly, most new energies are green, i.e. environmental friendly, and using alternative sources reduce the environmental pollution.. Secondly, alternative sources of energy are regarded as relatively more sustainable, and are more likely to meet the increasing demands of social and cultural development in modern society. It is often considered, however, that using alternative sources of energy such as nuclear energy is a quite dangerous thing for human beings and our planet. Some other alternative sources of energy like wind energy and solar energy are not quite effective for the sake of huge cost.
In summary, the use of the alternative sources can accelerate social development and push the whole world forward rapidly, which does no harm to the environment and has high effectiveness. As technology advances day by day, it is hopeful that all the countries can use green energy at a low cost.解析： 暂无解析 -
第13题：
Section II Use of English
(15 minutes)
Directions :
Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on, ANSWER SHEET 1.
In 1942, the HMS Edinburgh was sunk in the Barents Sea.lt was on its(21) back to Britain with ninety-one boxes of Russian gold. (22) thirty-nine years it lay there, too deep for divers to (23) . No one was allowed to explode it, either, since the bodies of sixty of the crew also lay in the(24) . Then, in 1981, an ex-diver called Jessop decided to try using new diving techniques. (25) he could not afford to finance the(26) which was going to cost four million pounds, he had to look for people who were(27) to take the risk. (28) , they were not even sure the gold was going to be there! First a Scottish diving company, then a German shipping company agreed to join in the retrieval(29). Not long after that, Jessop(30) a fourth company to take a (31) . Since the gold was the(32) 0f the British and the Soviet govemments , they both hoped to make a (33) , too! The biggest problem was how to get (34) the gold. Fortunately, they were able to examine the Edinburgh's sister ship, the HMS Belfast, t0(35) 0ut the exact location of the bomb room, (36)the gold was stored.
They knew it was to be an extremely difficult and dangerous undertaking. To reach the gold, they would have to cut a large square(37) the body of the ship, go through the empty fuel tank and down to the bomb room. After twenty-eight dives, they(38) to find the first bar. Everyone worked (39) the clock, helping to clean and stack the gold, (40) as to finish the job as quickly as possible.
21.
[A] road
[B] path
[C] way
[D] passage
正确答案：C
参考译文 1942年，英国皇家海军“爱丁堡号”巡洋舰在巴伦支海沉没。当时这艘巡洋舰正载着九十一箱俄罗斯黄金返回英国。由于潜水员无法到达如此深的地方，这艘巡洋舰三十九年以来就一直沉于海底。英国也不允许用爆破的方法，因为沉船里还有六十具船员的尸骸。接着，在1981年，一位名叫杰索普的前潜水员决定尝试采用新的潜水技术。因为他无法独自承担搜索所需的四百万英镑的费用，他不得不寻找愿意承担风险的人。毕竟，他们还不确定黄金是否还在那里！首先与他取得合作的是一家苏格兰潜水公司，接着有一家德国船业公司也同意加入这项取回黄金的任务。不久之后，杰索普说服第四家公司加入。由于船内的黄金属于英国和苏联政府的共有财产，这两个国家都希望能够从中获利！最大的难题是如何找到黄金。幸运的是，他们能够仔细查看“爱丁堡号”的姐妹船“英国皇家海军贝尔法斯特号”，以设法弄清楚弹药房的确切位置，也就是储藏黄金的地方。他们知道这将是一项极其困难和危险的任务。为了找到黄金，他们需要在船身上切割一个大的正方形，然后穿过空的燃料箱，向下进入弹药房。经过二十八次潜水后，他们设法找到了第一个金锭。所有人都夜以继日地帮助清理和堆放黄金，以便尽快完成这项工作。答案及解析 21.C road道路；path小路，小径；way路；passage通道，过道。这四个词都有道路的含义，但只有way可用于固定搭配on one's way to，表示“在…去…的路上”。在此句中，on its way back to Bntain意为 “在巡洋舰返回英国的路上”，故选C。 -
第14题：
共用题干
第二篇
Energy and Public Lands
The United States boasts substantial energy resources.Federal lands provide a good deal of US energy
production,the US Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing（租赁）,both on land and on
the offshore Outer Continental Shelf. Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total
annual US energy production.
In 2000,32 percent of US oil,35 percent of natural gas,and 37 percent of coal were produced from
federal lands,representing 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal leases.Federal lands
are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of
undiscovered natural gas.
Revenues from federal oil,gas,and coal leasing provide significant returns to US taxpayers as well as
State Government.In 1999,for example,$553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the US Treasury,
and non-Indian coal leases accounted for over $304 million in revenues,of which 50 percent were paid to
State governments.Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery.Each year,federal land managers
authorize rights of way for transmission lines,rail systems,pipelines,and other facilities related to energy
production and use.
Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production,though the
amount is still significant. For example , federal geothermal（地热）resources produce about 7. 5 billion
kilowatt-hours（千瓦时）of electricity per year , 47 percent of all electricity generated from US geothermal
energy.There are 2,960 wind turbines on public lands in California alone,producing electricity for about
300 ,000 people. Federal hydropower（水电）facilities produce about 17 percent of all hydropower produced
in the United States.
Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil
sources,pressure on public lands to meet US energy demand is becoming more intense.Public lands are
available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process.
If development of energy resources conflicts with management or use of other resources,development restric-
tions or impact moderation measures may be enforced,or mineral production may be banned altogether.Public lands can be used for energy development when_________________.
A:energy development restrictions are effective
B:federal land managers grant permissions
C:they go through the land use planning process
D:there is enough federal budget答案：C解析：本文前四段都在从各个侧面强调公共土地在美国能源生产方面占有巨大的份额，最后 一段又讲对这些能源的开发需求，B、C、D三项都是文中某一段体现的观点，只有A项涵盖最 全面，故选A。
根据文章第二段最后一句“Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.”可知B 项正确。
根据文章第四段“For example”前的那句话“Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production , though the amount is still significant.”可知答案。 though在此意为“然而”。
根据文章最后一段第一句话“Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil sources,pressure on public lands to meet US energy demand is becoming more intense.”可知答案。
根据文章最后一段第二句话“Public lands are available for energy development only aftei they have been evaluated through the land use planning process.”可知答案。第三篇 本文介绍了蜜獾好奇、多变、凶狠的性格及其广泛的捕食对象、大面积的狩猎范围和松散的 家庭群落等内容。 -
第15题：
共用题干
第二篇
Energy and Public Lands
The United States boasts substantial energy resources.Federal lands provide a good deal of US energy
production,the US Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing（租赁）,both on land and on
the offshore Outer Continental Shelf. Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total
annual US energy production.
In 2000,32 percent of US oil,35 percent of natural gas,and 37 percent of coal were produced from
federal lands,representing 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal leases.Federal lands
are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of
undiscovered natural gas.
Revenues from federal oil,gas,and coal leasing provide significant returns to US taxpayers as well as
State Government.In 1999,for example,$553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the US Treasury,
and non-Indian coal leases accounted for over $304 million in revenues,of which 50 percent were paid to
State governments.Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery.Each year,federal land managers
authorize rights of way for transmission lines,rail systems,pipelines,and other facilities related to energy
production and use.
Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production,though the
amount is still significant. For example , federal geothermal（地热）resources produce about 7. 5 billion
kilowatt-hours（千瓦时）of electricity per year , 47 percent of all electricity generated from US geothermal
energy.There are 2,960 wind turbines on public lands in California alone,producing electricity for about
300 ,000 people. Federal hydropower（水电）facilities produce about 17 percent of all hydropower produced
in the United States.
Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil
sources,pressure on public lands to meet US energy demand is becoming more intense.Public lands are
available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process.
If development of energy resources conflicts with management or use of other resources,development restric-
tions or impact moderation measures may be enforced,or mineral production may be banned altogether.What is the main idea of this passage?
A:Public lands play an important role in energy production.
B:Public lands are one of the main sources of revenues.
C:Public lands should be developed to ease energy shortage.
D:Public lands store huge energy resources for further development.答案：A解析：本文前四段都在从各个侧面强调公共土地在美国能源生产方面占有巨大的份额，最后 一段又讲对这些能源的开发需求，B、C、D三项都是文中某一段体现的观点，只有A项涵盖最 全面，故选A。
根据文章第二段最后一句“Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.”可知B 项正确。
根据文章第四段“For example”前的那句话“Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production , though the amount is still significant.”可知答案。 though在此意为“然而”。
根据文章最后一段第一句话“Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil sources,pressure on public lands to meet US energy demand is becoming more intense.”可知答案。
根据文章最后一段第二句话“Public lands are available for energy development only aftei they have been evaluated through the land use planning process.”可知答案。第三篇 本文介绍了蜜獾好奇、多变、凶狠的性格及其广泛的捕食对象、大面积的狩猎范围和松散的 家庭群落等内容。 -
第16题：
共用题干
第二篇
Energy and Public Lands
The United States boasts substantial energy resources.Federal lands provide a good deal of US energy
production,the US Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing（租赁）,both on land and on
the offshore Outer Continental Shelf. Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total
annual US energy production.
In 2000,32 percent of US oil,35 percent of natural gas,and 37 percent of coal were produced from
federal lands,representing 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal leases.Federal lands
are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of
undiscovered natural gas.
Revenues from federal oil,gas,and coal leasing provide significant returns to US taxpayers as well as
State Government.In 1999,for example,$553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the US Treasury,
and non-Indian coal leases accounted for over $304 million in revenues,of which 50 percent were paid to
State governments.Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery.Each year,federal land managers
authorize rights of way for transmission lines,rail systems,pipelines,and other facilities related to energy
production and use.
Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production,though the
amount is still significant. For example , federal geothermal（地热）resources produce about 7. 5 billion
kilowatt-hours（千瓦时）of electricity per year , 47 percent of all electricity generated from US geothermal
energy.There are 2,960 wind turbines on public lands in California alone,producing electricity for about
300 ,000 people. Federal hydropower（水电）facilities produce about 17 percent of all hydropower produced
in the United States.
Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil
sources,pressure on public lands to meet US energy demand is becoming more intense.Public lands are
available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process.
If development of energy resources conflicts with management or use of other resources,development restric-
tions or impact moderation measures may be enforced,or mineral production may be banned altogether.There is a mounting pressure on public lands to satisfy US energy demands because_________________.
A:many Americans are unhappy with energy development in foreign countries
B:quite a few public lands are banned for energy development
C:the U.S.is demanding more and more energy
D:many Americans think public lands are being abused答案：C解析：本文前四段都在从各个侧面强调公共土地在美国能源生产方面占有巨大的份额，最后 一段又讲对这些能源的开发需求，B、C、D三项都是文中某一段体现的观点，只有A项涵盖最 全面，故选A。
根据文章第二段最后一句“Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.”可知B 项正确。
根据文章第四段“For example”前的那句话“Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production , though the amount is still significant.”可知答案。 though在此意为“然而”。
根据文章最后一段第一句话“Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil sources,pressure on public lands to meet US energy demand is becoming more intense.”可知答案。
根据文章最后一段第二句话“Public lands are available for energy development only aftei they have been evaluated through the land use planning process.”可知答案。第三篇 本文介绍了蜜獾好奇、多变、凶狠的性格及其广泛的捕食对象、大面积的狩猎范围和松散的 家庭群落等内容。 -
第17题：
PART Ⅰ: INCOMPLETE SENTENCES
Directions: This part of the test has incomplete sentences. Four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), (D), are given beneath each sentence. You are to choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and mark your answer.
Mr. Voorhies planned to send the dresser and bed that ______ purchased in Bali to the Netherlands.A. he
B. his
C. him
D. himself答案：A解析：that引导的是一个定语从句，从句缺少主语，应该填入人称代词的主格形式。故本题正确答案为A。 -
第18题：
共用题干
Energy and Public Lands
The United States boasts substantial energy resources. Federal lands provide a good deal of US energy production,the US Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing （租赁）both on land and on the offshore Outer Continental Shelf Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total annual US energy production.
In 2000,32 percent of US oil,35 percent of natural gas,and 37 percent of coal were pro-duced from federal lands,representing 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal leases. Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undis-covered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.
Revenues from federal oil,gas,and coal leasing provide significant returns to US taxpayers as well as State Government. In 1999,for example,$553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the US Treasury,and non-India coal leases accounted for over$304 million in revenues,of which 50 percent were paid to State governments. Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery. Each year , federal land managers authorize（许可）rights of way for transmission lines , rail systems , pipe-lines,and other facilities related to energy production and use.
Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy pro-duction , though the amount is still significant. For example , federal geothermal（地热）re-sources produce about 7. 5 billion kilowatt-hours（千瓦时）of electricity per year,47 percent of all electricity generated from US geothermal energy. There are 2,960 wind turbines on public lands in California alone,producing electricity for about 300,000 people. Federal hydropower （水电）facilities produce about 17 percent of all hydropower produced in the United States.
Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with depend-ence on foreign off sources,pressure on public lands to meet US energy demand is becoming more intense. Public lands are available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process.If development of energy resources conflicts with management or use of other resources,development restrictions or impact moderation measures may be enforced,or mineral be banned altogether.What is the main idea of this passage?
A: Public lands are one of the main sources of revenues.
B: Public lands should be developed to ease energy shortage.
C: Public lands play an important role in energy production.
D: Public lands store huge energy resources for further development.答案：C解析：题干意为“这篇短文的主旨是什么？公共土地在能源生产方面发挥了重要作用。”短文第一段第二句提到“联邦土地为美国的能源生产提供了大量资源”，下文分别介绍了公共土地提供传统能源和替代能源的情况，故选C。
题干意为“关于美国的公共土地，下列哪一项叙述是真实的？大部分未开发的天然气存储在那里。”短文第二段最后一句提到“据估计，联邦土地中蕴含美国未开发天然气资源的74 %”，故选D。
题干意为“第四段中提到的地热资源，风力涡轮机和水力发电设备作为例子是用来证明 来自公共土地的替代能源资源数量非常大。”短文第四段第一句提到“联邦土地的替代能源生产要落后于传统能源生产，尽管前者的数量也非常巨大”，下文用几个数字表明替代资源的客观数量：地热资源每年生产75亿千瓦时的电力，仅加利福尼亚的公共土地上就有 2960个风力涡轮机等，水电生产占全美国水电生产的17%。故选D。
题干意为“公共土地在满足美国能源需要方面的压力不断增加，因为 美国需要越来越多的能源。”短文第五段第一句提到美国对能源的渴求不断增长，而且公众对于依靠进口资源这种状况感到不安，所以公共土地在满足美国能源需求方面的压力越来越大。故选B。
题干意为“当公共土地通过土地利用规划程序 时它们才可以用于能源开发。”短文最后一段第二句提到“公共土地只有通过了土地利用规划程序才可以用来开发能源”，故选A。 -
第19题：
共用题干
Thirst for Oil
Worldwide every day,we devour the energy equivalent of about 200 million barrels of oil. Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun. In fact enough energy from the Sun hits the planet's surface each minute to cover our needs for an entire year,we just need to find an efficient way to use it. So far the energy in oil has been cheaper and easier to get at. But as supplies dwindle,this will change,and we will need to cure our addiction to oil.
Burning wood satisfied most energy needs until the steam-driven industrial revolution,when energy-dense coal became the fuel of choice. Coal is still used,mostly in power sta-tions,to cover one quarter of our energy needs,but its use has been declining since we star-ted pumping up oil. Coal is the least efficient,unhealthiest and most environmentally dama-ging fossil fuel,but could make a comeback,as supplies are still plentiful:its reserves are five times larger than oil's.
Today petroleum,a mineral oil obtained from below the surface of the Earth and used to produce petrol,diesel oil and various other chemical substances,provides around 40% of the world's energy needs,mostly fuelling automobiles. The US consumes a quarter of all oil,and generates a similar proportion of greenhouse gas emissions.
The majority of oil comes from the Middle East,which has half of known reserves. But other significant sources include Russia,North America,Norway,Venezuela and the North Sea. Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge could be a major new US source,to reduce reliance on foreign imports.
Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years,though opinions and estimates vary. We could fast reach an energy crisis in the next few decades, when demand exceeds supply. As conventional reserves become more difficult to access,oth-ers such as oil shales and tar sands may be used instead. Petrol could also be obtained from coal.
Since we started using fossil fuels,we have released 400 billion tonnes of carbon,and burning the entire reserves could eventually raise world temperatures by 13℃ .Among other horrors,this would result in the destruction of all rainforests and the melting of all
Arctic ice.Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the author,according to the second paragraph?
A:Wood was the fuel of choice before coal.
B: The use of coal is declining.
C: Coal is the most environmentally unfriendly fuel next to oil.
D: Coal reserves are plentiful and will be likely to become the major fuel of choice.答案：C解析：题干意为“为什么作者说‘……我们需要改变我们对石油的依赖性’?”该题考查考生对短文中某个句子意思的理解，首先找到该句在短文中所在的语境：Worldwide ev-ery day,we devour the energy equivalent of about 200 million barrels of oil. Most of the en-ergy on Earth comes from the Sun. In fact enough energy from the Sun hits the planet's sur-face each minute to cover our needs for an entire year,we just need to find an efficient way to use it.So far the energy in oil has been cheaper and easier to get at. But as supplies dwindle, this will change, and we will need to cure our addiction to oil．第一段最后一句意为“但是当供应缩减时，情况就会改变，我们需要改变我们对石油的依赖性”。由此可知“我们需要改变我们对石油的依赖性”的原因是石油供应缩减，因此D项“石油供应在缩减”是答案。
题干意为“依据第二段内容来看，下面哪项内容不是短文中的作者想要表达的意思？”利用备选项中的细节信息词/短语wood , fuel of choice , coal , use of coal , most envi-ronmentally unfriendly fuel,oil, coal reserves作为定位线索，在第二段中快速识别与选项分别对应的句子：Burning wood satisfied most energy needs until the steam-driven industrial revolution,when energy-dense coal became the fuel of choice．Coal is still used,mostly in power stations,to cover one quarter of our energy needs,but its use has been declining since we started pumping up oil. Coal is the least efficient, unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel,but could make a comeback,as supplies are still plentiful:its reserves are five times larger than oil's．定位线索词分散在整个段落中，因此需要理解整个段落的意思。第一句提到“在蒸汽工业革命时代，高能煤成为首选燃料之前，燃木能满足大部分能源需求”。这与A项“燃木是煤作为燃料之前的首选燃料”意义一致；第二句提到“自从我们开始大量开采石油后，煤的使用就已经在逐渐减少”，这与B项“煤的使用在减少”意义一致；第三句提到“煤是使用效率最低，最不卫生，最不环保的化石燃料”，这与C项“煤对环境的危害性仅次于石油”不一致：依据短文内容来看煤对环境的危害排在第一位。因此该题答案为C。
题干意为“哪个国家是最大的石油消耗国？”利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词/短语country , the biggest consumer of petroleum , the United States , Russia , Norway,Venezuela作为定位线索，在第三段找到相关句：Today petroleum, a mineral oil obtained from below the surface of the Earth and used to produce petrol,diesel oil and various otherchemical substances,provides around 40% of the world's energy needs,mostly fuelling au-tomobiles. The US consumes a quarter of all oil,and generates a similar proportion of green-house gas emissions．相关句（第三段最后一句）提到“美国消耗了世界上1/4的石油”，而除此以外短文中没有再提到其他的石油消耗国了。虽然选项C涉及到的挪威，选项D涉及到的委内瑞拉，选项B涉及到的俄罗斯在短文中也出现了，但它们都是作为石油产地国出现的，因此这三个选项都不是答案。所以答案为A。
题干意为“关于地球上的燃料储备，专家们是怎么说的？”利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词/短语experts,earth's fuel reserves,next 50 years, energy crisis,convention-al reserves, fuel demand作为定位线索，在第五段中找到相关句：Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years, though opinions and estimates vary. We could fast reach an energy crisis in the next few decades,when demand exceeds supply. As conventional reserves become more difficult to access,others such as oil shales and tar sands may be used instead. Petrol could also be obtained from coal．定位线索词集中出现在第五段中。该段第一句提到“大多数专家预测人类将轻而易举地在50年内消耗掉现在所有的石油储备”。这与A项“地球的石油储备在下一个50年间仍然还将够用”不一致；第二句“未来的几十年间，当能源供不应求时我们会很快陷入能源危机”，这与B项“将很快出现能源危机”意思一致，因此选项B是答案，同时该句意思与D项“燃料需求将下降”不一致：短文提及“供不应求”，这意味着对能源的需求将会增加，而不是下降；第四句提到“当常规能源不容易获得时，代之使用的可能是诸如油页岩和沥青砂等能源”，短文提到“常规能源不容易获得”，不是说“不能获得”，因此C项“很快将不能获得常规能源”与短文内容不一致。 -
第20题：
共用题干
Energy and Public Lands
The United States boasts substantial energy resources. Federal lands provide a good deal of US energy production,the US Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing （租赁）both on land and on the offshore Outer Continental Shelf Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total annual US energy production.
In 2000,32 percent of US oil,35 percent of natural gas,and 37 percent of coal were pro-duced from federal lands,representing 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal leases. Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undis-covered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.
Revenues from federal oil,gas,and coal leasing provide significant returns to US taxpayers as well as State Government. In 1999,for example,$553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the US Treasury,and non-India coal leases accounted for over$304 million in revenues,of which 50 percent were paid to State governments. Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery. Each year , federal land managers authorize（许可）rights of way for transmission lines , rail systems , pipe-lines,and other facilities related to energy production and use.
Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy pro-duction , though the amount is still significant. For example , federal geothermal（地热）re-sources produce about 7. 5 billion kilowatt-hours（千瓦时）of electricity per year,47 percent of all electricity generated from US geothermal energy. There are 2,960 wind turbines on public lands in California alone,producing electricity for about 300,000 people. Federal hydropower （水电）facilities produce about 17 percent of all hydropower produced in the United States.
Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with depend-ence on foreign off sources,pressure on public lands to meet US energy demand is becoming more intense. Public lands are available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process.If development of energy resources conflicts with management or use of other resources,development restrictions or impact moderation measures may be enforced,or mineral be banned altogether.There is a mounting pressure on public lands to satisfy US energy demands because______.
A: many Americans are unhappy with energy development in foreign countries
B: the U. S. is demanding more and more energy
C: quite a few public lands are banned for energy development
D: many Americans think public lands are being abused答案：B解析：题干意为“这篇短文的主旨是什么？公共土地在能源生产方面发挥了重要作用。”短文第一段第二句提到“联邦土地为美国的能源生产提供了大量资源”，下文分别介绍了公共土地提供传统能源和替代能源的情况，故选C。
题干意为“关于美国的公共土地，下列哪一项叙述是真实的？大部分未开发的天然气存储在那里。”短文第二段最后一句提到“据估计，联邦土地中蕴含美国未开发天然气资源的74 %”，故选D。
题干意为“第四段中提到的地热资源，风力涡轮机和水力发电设备作为例子是用来证明 来自公共土地的替代能源资源数量非常大。”短文第四段第一句提到“联邦土地的替代能源生产要落后于传统能源生产，尽管前者的数量也非常巨大”，下文用几个数字表明替代资源的客观数量：地热资源每年生产75亿千瓦时的电力，仅加利福尼亚的公共土地上就有 2960个风力涡轮机等，水电生产占全美国水电生产的17%。故选D。
题干意为“公共土地在满足美国能源需要方面的压力不断增加，因为 美国需要越来越多的能源。”短文第五段第一句提到美国对能源的渴求不断增长，而且公众对于依靠进口资源这种状况感到不安，所以公共土地在满足美国能源需求方面的压力越来越大。故选B。
题干意为“当公共土地通过土地利用规划程序 时它们才可以用于能源开发。”短文最后一段第二句提到“公共土地只有通过了土地利用规划程序才可以用来开发能源”，故选A。 -
第21题：
共用题干
第一篇
Energy and Public Lands
The United States boasts substantial energy resources?Federal lands provide。good deal of US energy
production,the US Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing（租赁）,both on land and on
the offshore Outer Continental Shelf. Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total
annual US energy production.
In 2000,32 percent of US oil,35 percent of natural ga9,and 37 percent Of coal were produced from
federal lands,representing 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal leases.Federal lands
are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of
undiscovered natural gas.
Revenues from federal oil,gas,and coal leasing provide significant returns to US taxpayers as well as
State government,In 1999,for example,$553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the US Treasury,
and non-Indian coal leases accounted for over $304 million in revenues, of which 50 percent were paid to
State governments,Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery.Each year,federal land managers
authorize rights of way for transmission lines,rail systems,pipelines,and other facilities related to energy
production and use.
Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production,though the
amount is still significant. For example , federal geothermal (地热）resources produce about 7. 5 billion
kilowatt-hours（千瓦时）of electricity per year , 47 percent of all electricity generated from US geothermal
energy.There are 2,960 wind turbines on public lands in California alone,producing electricity for about
300 ,000 people. Federal hydropower（水电）facilities produce about 17 percent of all hydropower produced
in the United States.
Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil
sources,pressure on public lands to meet US energy demnand is becoming more intense.Public lands are
available for energy development oniy after they have been evaivated through the land use planning process.
If development of energy resources conflicts with management or use of other resources,development restric-
lions or impact moderation measures may be enforced,or mineral production may he banned altogether.Ceothermal resources,wind turbines,and hydropower facilities in Paragraph 4 are cited as examples to illustrate that______.
A:alternative energy production is no less than conventional energy production
B:the amount of alternative energy production from public lands is huge
C:they are the most typical conventional energy resources from public lands
D:geothermal reoourceg are more important than the other two答案：B解析：本文前四段都在从各个侧面强调公共土地在美国能源生产方面占有巨大的份额，最后 一段又讲对这些能源的开发需求，B、C、D三项都是文中某一段体现的观点，只有A项涵盖最 全面，故选A。
根据文章第二段最后一句“Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.”可知B 项正确。
根据文章第四段“'For example”前的那句话“Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production , though the amount is still significant.”可知答案。 though在此意为“然而”。
根据文章最后一段第一句话“Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil sources,pressure on public lands to meet US energy demand is becoming more intense.”可知答案。
根据文章最后一段第二句话“Public lands are available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process.”可知答案。第二篇 本文通过一项实验向我们讲述了一个发现：人们会注意到他们需要和追求的东西且这一过程不涉及思考。 -
第22题：
共用题干
第一篇
Energy and Public Lands
The United States boasts substantial energy resources?Federal lands provide。good deal of US energy
production,the US Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing（租赁）,both on land and on
the offshore Outer Continental Shelf. Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total
annual US energy production.
In 2000,32 percent of US oil,35 percent of natural ga9,and 37 percent Of coal were produced from
federal lands,representing 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal leases.Federal lands
are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of
undiscovered natural gas.
Revenues from federal oil,gas,and coal leasing provide significant returns to US taxpayers as well as
State government,In 1999,for example,$553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the US Treasury,
and non-Indian coal leases accounted for over $304 million in revenues, of which 50 percent were paid to
State governments,Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery.Each year,federal land managers
authorize rights of way for transmission lines,rail systems,pipelines,and other facilities related to energy
production and use.
Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production,though the
amount is still significant. For example , federal geothermal (地热）resources produce about 7. 5 billion
kilowatt-hours（千瓦时）of electricity per year , 47 percent of all electricity generated from US geothermal
energy.There are 2,960 wind turbines on public lands in California alone,producing electricity for about
300 ,000 people. Federal hydropower（水电）facilities produce about 17 percent of all hydropower produced
in the United States.
Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil
sources,pressure on public lands to meet US energy demnand is becoming more intense.Public lands are
available for energy development oniy after they have been evaivated through the land use planning process.
If development of energy resources conflicts with management or use of other resources,development restric-
lions or impact moderation measures may be enforced,or mineral production may he banned altogether.What ig the main idea of this passage?
A:Public lands play an important role in energy production.
B:Public lands are one of the main sources of revenues.
C:Public lands should be developed to ease energy shortage.
D:Public lands store huge energy resources for further development.答案：A解析：本文前四段都在从各个侧面强调公共土地在美国能源生产方面占有巨大的份额，最后 一段又讲对这些能源的开发需求，B、C、D三项都是文中某一段体现的观点，只有A项涵盖最 全面，故选A。
根据文章第二段最后一句“Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.”可知B 项正确。
根据文章第四段“'For example”前的那句话“Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production , though the amount is still significant.”可知答案。 though在此意为“然而”。
根据文章最后一段第一句话“Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil sources,pressure on public lands to meet US energy demand is becoming more intense.”可知答案。
根据文章最后一段第二句话“Public lands are available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process.”可知答案。第二篇 本文通过一项实验向我们讲述了一个发现：人们会注意到他们需要和追求的东西且这一过程不涉及思考。 -
第23题：
共用题干
第一篇
Energy and Public Lands
The United States boasts substantial energy resources?Federal lands provide。good deal of US energy
production,the US Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing（租赁）,both on land and on
the offshore Outer Continental Shelf. Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total
annual US energy production.
In 2000,32 percent of US oil,35 percent of natural ga9,and 37 percent Of coal were produced from
federal lands,representing 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal leases.Federal lands
are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of
undiscovered natural gas.
Revenues from federal oil,gas,and coal leasing provide significant returns to US taxpayers as well as
State government,In 1999,for example,$553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the US Treasury,
and non-Indian coal leases accounted for over $304 million in revenues, of which 50 percent were paid to
State governments,Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery.Each year,federal land managers
authorize rights of way for transmission lines,rail systems,pipelines,and other facilities related to energy
production and use.
Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production,though the
amount is still significant. For example , federal geothermal (地热）resources produce about 7. 5 billion
kilowatt-hours（千瓦时）of electricity per year , 47 percent of all electricity generated from US geothermal
energy.There are 2,960 wind turbines on public lands in California alone,producing electricity for about
300 ,000 people. Federal hydropower（水电）facilities produce about 17 percent of all hydropower produced
in the United States.
Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil
sources,pressure on public lands to meet US energy demnand is becoming more intense.Public lands are
available for energy development oniy after they have been evaivated through the land use planning process.
If development of energy resources conflicts with management or use of other resources,development restric-
lions or impact moderation measures may be enforced,or mineral production may he banned altogether.Public lands can be used for energy development when ________.
A:energy development restrictions are effective
B:federal land managers grant perrmssions
C:they go through the land use planning process
D:there is enough federal budget答案：C解析：本文前四段都在从各个侧面强调公共土地在美国能源生产方面占有巨大的份额，最后 一段又讲对这些能源的开发需求，B、C、D三项都是文中某一段体现的观点，只有A项涵盖最 全面，故选A。
根据文章第二段最后一句“Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.”可知B 项正确。
根据文章第四段“'For example”前的那句话“Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production , though the amount is still significant.”可知答案。 though在此意为“然而”。
根据文章最后一段第一句话“Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil sources,pressure on public lands to meet US energy demand is becoming more intense.”可知答案。
根据文章最后一段第二句话“Public lands are available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process.”可知答案。第二篇 本文通过一项实验向我们讲述了一个发现：人们会注意到他们需要和追求的东西且这一过程不涉及思考。