In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to （ ）A． evaluate someone’s personalityB． write down their hypothesesC． fill out a personal information formD． hold coffee and cold drink alternatively
题目
In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to （ ）
A． evaluate someone’s personality
B． write down their hypotheses
C． fill out a personal information form
D． hold coffee and cold drink alternatively
相似考题
更多“In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to ( )A. evaluate someone’s persona ”相关问题
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第1题：
Three students were chosen to ()the experiment.A、be capable of
B、carry out
C、be responsible for
D、do one's best
参考答案：B
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第2题：
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，回答51－55题。 Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation(感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A． Bargh.
Psychologists have known that one person’s perception(感知) of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.
Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.
To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses(假设), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.
“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.
第16题：According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by（ ）
A． the visitors to his office
B． the psychology lessons he has
C． his physical feeling of coldness
D． the things he has bought online
正确答案：C
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第3题：
A teacher showed students an example and explained the usage of past perfect tense, and asked students to list ten"past perfect tense" sentences by imitating that example． What's the teacher' s grammar teaching method?A.Consolidation．
B.Presentation．
C.Deduction．
D.Induction．答案：C解析：考查语法教学知识。教师通过一个例子讲了语法过去完成时的用法，然后让学生模仿此例子造十个过去完成时的句子，是典型的“演绎”教学法。consolidation意为“巩固”，presentation意为“呈现”，deduction意为“演绎”，induction意为“归纳”。 -
第4题：
A teacher handed out a list of twenty"Fature tense" sentences and asked students to discuss and find out the grammatical structures. What is the teacher's grammar teaching method?A. Induction.
B. Presentation.
C. Consolidation.
D. Deduction.答案：A解析：考查语法教学。题目问的是：一位老师列出了二十个与将来时相关的句子.然后请学生讨论并找出将来时的语法结构，这位老师使用了哪种语法教学方法?语法教学的常用方法有两种：演绎法和归纳法。A项的Induction是归纳法;D项的Deduction是演绎法。本题中的教学方法很明显是归纳法。B项的新课展示和C项的巩固提高.都是教学环节，不是教学方法。因此选A项. -
第5题：
共用题干
When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach
Our senses aren't just delivering a strict view of what's going on in the world;they're af-fected by what's going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people who'ye just eaten.
Psychologists have known for decades that what's going on,inside our head affects our senses. For example,poorer children think coins are larger than they are,and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter. Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis,France,wanted to investi-gate how this happens. Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a lit-tle later as the brain's high-level thinking processes get involved.
Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index. On the day of his or her test,each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. Then they were told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes;others were given an hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry when they did the ex-periment and the other half had just eaten.
For the experiment,the participant looked at a computer screen. One by one,80 words flashed on the screen for about 1/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that
the students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word,each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they'd seen一a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word ap-peared too briefly for the participant to really read it.
Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food-related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen,this means that the difference is in perception,not in thinking processes,Radel says.
“This is something great to me. Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment,I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our mo-tives and needs,”Radel says.It can be learnt from what Radel says that______.
A: humans'thinking processes are independent of their senses
B: an experiment with hungry and non-hungry participants is not reliable
C: humans can perceive what they need without deep thinking processes
D: 42 participants are too small a number for a serious investigation答案：C解析：题干意为“第二段中提到“贫穷的儿童”和“饥饿的人”是为了表明人类的感官会受到头脑活动的影响。”短文第二段第一句提到“几十年来，心理学家已经知道我们头脑中发生的事会影响我们的感官”，文章紧接着举出了“贫穷的儿童”和“饥饿的人”的例子来证明这一点，故选A。
题干意为“拉德尔的实验中有一段推迟，因为他想要把参与实验者分成“饥饿”和“不饥饿”两组。“短文第三段后半部分提到“来参加实验的学生被告知实验推迟，有些人被告知十分钟之后再回来，而另外一些人则有一个小时的时间先吃午饭，这样当他们做实验的时候，一半是处于饥饿状态的，而另一半是刚吃饱的”，由此可见拉德尔故意设计了推迟以达到将参与实验者分组的目的，故选C。
题干意为“为什么屏幕上的80个单词闪现的特别快而且字号非常小？为了确保参与实验者没有时间清醒地思考。”短文第四段第三句提到“这些单词以非常小的字号闪现，这样学生就只能有意识地感知它们”，故选D。
题干意为“拉德尔的实验发现饥饿的人对与食物有关的词比饱腹的人更敏感。”短文第五段第一句提到“饥饿的人看到与食物有关的词觉得更明亮，而且他们能更好地识别这些词”，故选A。
题干意为“从拉德尔的话可以看出人类可以不经过深入思考的过程就能感知他们需要的东西。”短文最后两段提到拉德尔认为，饥饿的人和饱腹的人对单词的不同反应区别在于感知过程而不是思考过程。“人类真的可以感知他们需要或者努力争取的东西”，故选C。 -
第6题：
共用题干
第二篇
Download Knowledge Directly to Your Brain
For the first time,researchers have been able to hack into the process of learning in the biain,using
induced brain patterns to create a learned behavior. It's not quite as advanced as an instant Kung-fu down-
load,and it's not as sleek as cognitive inception,but it's still an important finding that could lead to new
teaching and rehabilitation techniques.
Future therapies could decode the brain activity patterns of an athlete or a musician,and use them as a
benchmark for teaching another person a new activity,according to the researchers.
Scientists from Boston University and ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories in Kyoto used
functional magnetic resonance imaging,or fMRI,to study the learning process.They were examining the
adult brain's aptitude for visual perceptual learning,or VPL,in which repetitive training improves a per-
son's performance on a particular task.Whether adults can do this as well as young people has been an on-
going debate in neuroscience.
Led by BU neuroscientist Takeo Watanabe,researchers used a method called decoded fMRI neurofeed-
back to stimulate the visual cortex.First they showed participants circles at different orientations.Then they
used fMRI to watch the participants'brain activity.The researchers were then able to train the participants to
recreate this visual cortex activity.
The volunteers were again placed in MRI machines and asked to visualize shapes of certain colors.The
participants were asked to"somehow regulate activity in the posterior part of the brain"to make a solid green
disc as large as they could.They were told they would get a paid bonus proportional to the size of this disc,
but they weren't told anything about what the disc meant.The researchers watched the participants'brain
activity and monitored the activation patterns in their visual cortices.
"Participants can be trained to control the overall mean activation of an entire brain region,"the study
authors write,"or the adtivation in one region relative to that in another region."
This worked even when test subjects were not aware of what they were learning,the researchers said.
"The most surprising thing in this study is that mere inductions of neural activation patterns corresponding to
a specific visual feature led to visual performance improvement on the visual feature,without presenting the fea-
ture or subjects' awareness of what was to be learned,"Watanabe said in a statement.
Watanabe and colleagues said this method can be a powerful tool.
"It can'incept' a person to acquire new learning, skills,or memory,or possibly to restore skills or
knowledge that has been damaged through accident,disease,or aging,without a person's awareness of what
is learned or memorized,"they write.Which of the following statements is true of the experiment participants?
A:They learned how to control MRL machines in the experiment.
B:They were not told what to be learned in the experiment.
C:They were paid to take part in the experiment.
D:They were not cooperative in the experiment.答案：B解析：由文章第一段第一句中“researchers have been able to hack into the process of learning in the brain...”可知，研究人员已经能进人大脑的学习过程进行相关的了解，故应选A。
由文章第三段的第二句话“They were examining...in which repetitive training improves a person ' s performance on a particular task.”可知，在对大脑视觉感学习能力的研究中，重复性的 训练改善了一个人做某种工作的表现，故选D。
由文章第七段和第八段第一句中“The most surprising thing in this study is...without presenting the feature or subjects ' awareness of what was to be learned”可知，在实验过程中，实验 对象是不知道他们要学的内容的，其他各项文中均未提到，故选B。
由文章第八段中“The most surprising thing in this study is that mere inductions of neural activation patterns corresponding to a specific visual feature led to visual performance improvement on the visual feature”可知，这项研究不可思议的一点是，和某一特定视觉特征对应的神经激活 特征的归纳结果导致该视觉特征的功能的提升，也就是说，学习过程在这里和视觉功能联系在 了一起，故选B。
由文章最后一段的内容可知，该研究可以让人获得新的知识、记忆，或者恢复由于事 故、疾病或者老龄化而损失的技能或知识，故选C。 -
第7题：
资料：Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child or even an animal, such as a pingeon can learm to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted.
We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone’s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.
Like the human face human personality is very complex. But describing someone’s peronality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a nice face looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a nice person, you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate friendly, warm, and so forth.
There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon Allports, an American psychologist, found nearly18,000 English words characterizing differences in people’s behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing or typing, his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military types——people are described with such terms.
People have always tried to type each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain’s or the hero’s role. In fact, the words person and persoality come from the Latin persona, meaning mask. Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the good guys from the bad guys because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.
The author is most probably a_______A.psychologist
B.behaviorist
C.writer
D.sociologist答案：A解析：本题考查的是细节推理。
【关键词】author
【主题句】第一段Did you ever wonder how it possible for us to recognize people?（你是否对我们如何识别人而感到疑惑？）；第二段We also tell people apart by how they behave.（我们也能通过人们的举止来区分。）第三段Like the human face, human personality is very complex.（就像人脸一样，人类的个性非常复杂。）第四段Gordon all ports, an American psychologist…（Gordon all ports是一位美国的心理学家。）
【解析】第2题问“作者最有可能从事什么职业？”。根据整篇文章内容，该文讲述了区分不同人的方法：外貌和行为个性。四个选项哪个选项是研究人类行为的呢？A选项“心理学家”，他是研究人类行为的专家，心理学家关心人们为什么那样思想，那样行动。所以A为正确答案。B选项“行为主义者”，他们的主要观点是认为心理学不应该研究意识，只应该研究行为，把行为与意识完全对立起来。B选项过于片面，所以排除；C选项“作家”，该选项过于笼统，应该选择带有某一专业背景的人物，故排除；D选项“社会学家”，他们是观察和分析社会的方式，和原文不符，排除。此外，文章第四段举例处提到一位美国的心理学家，所以该文作者也应该是研究该领域的一位学者。 -
第8题：
共用题干
第二篇
When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach
Our senses aren't just delivering a strict view of what'5 going on in the world;they're affected by
what's going on in our heads.A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than
people who'ye just eaten.
Psychologists have known for decades that what’。going on inside our heads affects our senses.For example,
poorer children think coins are larger than they are,and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter.
Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis,France,wanted to investigate how this happens.Does it
happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain's high-level thinking
processes get involved?
Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass（质量）index.On the day of his or her test,each
student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating.Then they were told there
was a delay.Some were told to come back in 10 minutes;others were given an hour to get lunch first.So half
the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten.
For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen.One by one,80 words flashed on the
screen for about 1/300th of a second each.They flashed at so small a size that the studentsc o111d only con-
sciously perceive - A quarter of the words were food-related.After each word,each person was asked how
bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they'd seen一a food-related word like cake or a
neutral（中性的）word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it.
Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food-related words.
Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen,this means that the difference is in per-
ception,not in thinking processes,Radel says.
"This is something great to me.Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive（奋斗）
for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal（处理）of our motives（动机）
and needs,"Radel says.There was a delay in Radel's experiment because______.
A:he needed more students to join
B:he didn't prepare enough food for the 42 students
C:he wanted two groups of participants,hungry and non-hungry
D:he didn't want to have the experiment at noon答案：C解析：A项是第二段第一句话中“.what' s going on inside our heads affects our heads affects our senses.”的同义表述，故选A。
答案的根据可在第二段找到。Radel为了保证42名学生到达实验室时是空腹的，所以 要求他们中午到达。然后告诉他们实验时间推迟了，请一部分学生10分钟后再来，请另外一 部分学生去用午餐，一个小时后再来。Radel用推迟实验的方法造就了两组实验者，即饥饿组 与饱食组。
由第四段中的“They flashed at so small a size that the studcnt, could only consciously per- ceive.（这些字如此小，那些学生只能有意识地注意到。）""Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it.（每个字出现的时间如此短暂以至于参与者无法真正地读懂 它。）”可知A项错误，D项正确，因为受试者并非什么也注意不到，只是没时间来读懂这个词， 即没时间思考这个词到底是什么意思。B、C两项文中未提到，故排除。所以选D。
由倒数第二段首句“Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food-related words.”可知答案。
最后一段第二句“Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for.”为选 择C项提供了依据。第三篇 本文讲述了芭蕾舞的起源和发展变化过程，介绍了芭蕾舞为适应时代变化石进行的改变。 -
第9题：
单选题We learn from the passage that _____.AChuck’s students are not clever enough
Bthe students didn’t do Chuck’s homework
CChuck Wall is an unusual teacher
Dno students enjoyed Chuck’s homework
正确答案： C解析：
根据文章的主要内容可知，教授之所以不同寻常，是因为它留作业的方式。故C选项正确。 -
第10题：
单选题The main idea of the second paragraph shows us ______.Asome examples of shooting in US schools
Bthe American’s feeling
Csome famous schools
Dthat some teachers were killed by students
正确答案： D解析：
主旨大意题。由文章的第二段可知作者通过几个血腥的例子向读者证明了由于枪支的管制不严，所引起的严重后果。所以本题的正确答案为A项。 -
第11题：
单选题What’s happened in August?AFour students were killed in the bombing of the Marriott Hotel in Jakarta.
BFour students were deported from Jakarta.
CThe Marriott Hotel in Jakarta was bombed by terrorists.
DFour students participated in the Jakarta bombing.
正确答案： C解析：
录音中指出警方正在对四名疑似与恐怖主义有联系的学生进行调查，以找出是否他们与为the bombing of the Marriott Hotel in Jakarta in August提供资金有联系。
【录音原文】
Police are investigating whether four students, deported from Pakistan and now detained in Jakarta for suspected terrorism links, were involved in funding the bombing of the Marriott Hotel in Jakarta in August, which killed 12 people. -
第12题：
单选题AWrite their lab reports.
BFind out Professor Smith’s schedule.
CInterview some high school students.
DFinish their chemistry experiment.
正确答案： C解析：
推断题。根据录音最后“We’d better make sure we do a good job on our experiment first.”可知，对话人接下来打算完成实验。故选D。
【录音原文】
M: Do you want to start writing a lab report after we finish the experiment?
W: No. I need to leave early because I’m going over to the psychology department to talk to Professor Smith about a job opening.
M: You mean a job on campus?
W: Yes. And it sounds pretty interesting. It involves helping with your study on learning Style. You know, about how some people learn best by sight, while others learn best by hearing or touch.
M: That’s an expert’s area.
W: Right. Anyway for her study she’s taking some high school students who aren’t doing well in their classes and testing them to find out what their learning styles are. Then people like me will work with them presenting material to them in their particular learning styles.
M: That is interesting. Are you getting paid for this?
W: Yes, but probably not much. Anyway I just want to have some experience.
M: Yeah. And it’ll be nice to help some high school students too.
W: That’s what I thought when I saw the ad. You know you could do it too.
M: Really? Do you have any idea what the schedule is like?
W: In the evening.
M: That’s perfect for me.
W: We’d better make sure we do a good job on our experiment first.
M: OK.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. What are the two speakers mainly discussing?
2. Why is the woman interested in working with Professor Smith?
3. What will the college students do for the high school students in Professor Smith’s program?
4. What will the speakers probably do next? -
第13题：
The family_____at the lunch table when someone came to tell them what had happened at_____.
A．were sitting；Mr．Brown
B．were sitting；Mr．Brown’S
C．was sitting；Mr．Brown
D．was sitting；Mr．Brown’s
正确答案：B
the family是集合名词，表示一家人，所以是复数，排除C、D。Mr．Browns表示布朗一家人，而再加上名词所有格表示布朗家，根据句子里的at应该选布朗家，故答案选B。
-
第14题：
The main idea of Paragraph Four shows us ______.
A. some examples of shoot in US schools
B. the American's feeling
C. some famous schools
D. that some teachers were killed by students
正确答案：A48．答案为A。根据第四段描述内容作出该项选择。
-
第15题：
A teacher handed out a list of twenty "Future tense"sentences and asked students to discuss and find out the grammatical structures. What is the teacher's grammar teaching method?A．Induction.
B．Presentation.
C．Consolidation.
D．Deduction.答案：A解析：考查语法教学。题目问的是：一位老师列出了二十个与将来时相关的句子，然后请学生讨论并找出将来时的语法结构，这位老师使用了哪种语法教学方法 语法教学的常用方法有两种：演绎法和归纳法。A项的Induction是归纳法；D项的Deduction是演绎法。本题中的教学方法很明显是归纳法。B项的新课展示和C项的巩固提高，都是教学环节，不是教学方法。因此选A项。 -
第16题：
共用题干
When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach
Our senses aren't just delivering a strict view of what's going on in the world;they're af-fected by what's going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people who'ye just eaten.
Psychologists have known for decades that what's going on,inside our head affects our senses. For example,poorer children think coins are larger than they are,and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter. Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis,France,wanted to investi-gate how this happens. Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a lit-tle later as the brain's high-level thinking processes get involved.
Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index. On the day of his or her test,each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. Then they were told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes;others were given an hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry when they did the ex-periment and the other half had just eaten.
For the experiment,the participant looked at a computer screen. One by one,80 words flashed on the screen for about 1/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that
the students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word,each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they'd seen一a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word ap-peared too briefly for the participant to really read it.
Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food-related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen,this means that the difference is in perception,not in thinking processes,Radel says.
“This is something great to me. Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment,I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our mo-tives and needs,”Radel says.There was a delay in Radel's experiment because_______.
A: he needed more students to join
B: he didn't prepare enough food for the 42 students
C: he wanted two groups of participants,hungry and non-hungry
D: he didn't want to have the experiment at noon答案：C解析：题干意为“第二段中提到“贫穷的儿童”和“饥饿的人”是为了表明人类的感官会受到头脑活动的影响。”短文第二段第一句提到“几十年来，心理学家已经知道我们头脑中发生的事会影响我们的感官”，文章紧接着举出了“贫穷的儿童”和“饥饿的人”的例子来证明这一点，故选A。
题干意为“拉德尔的实验中有一段推迟，因为他想要把参与实验者分成“饥饿”和“不饥饿”两组。“短文第三段后半部分提到“来参加实验的学生被告知实验推迟，有些人被告知十分钟之后再回来，而另外一些人则有一个小时的时间先吃午饭，这样当他们做实验的时候，一半是处于饥饿状态的，而另一半是刚吃饱的”，由此可见拉德尔故意设计了推迟以达到将参与实验者分组的目的，故选C。
题干意为“为什么屏幕上的80个单词闪现的特别快而且字号非常小？为了确保参与实验者没有时间清醒地思考。”短文第四段第三句提到“这些单词以非常小的字号闪现，这样学生就只能有意识地感知它们”，故选D。
题干意为“拉德尔的实验发现饥饿的人对与食物有关的词比饱腹的人更敏感。”短文第五段第一句提到“饥饿的人看到与食物有关的词觉得更明亮，而且他们能更好地识别这些词”，故选A。
题干意为“从拉德尔的话可以看出人类可以不经过深入思考的过程就能感知他们需要的东西。”短文最后两段提到拉德尔认为，饥饿的人和饱腹的人对单词的不同反应区别在于感知过程而不是思考过程。“人类真的可以感知他们需要或者努力争取的东西”，故选C。 -
第17题：
共用题干
When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach
Our senses aren't just delivering a strict view of what's going on in the world;they're af-fected by what's going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people who'ye just eaten.
Psychologists have known for decades that what's going on,inside our head affects our senses. For example,poorer children think coins are larger than they are,and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter. Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis,France,wanted to investi-gate how this happens. Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a lit-tle later as the brain's high-level thinking processes get involved.
Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index. On the day of his or her test,each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. Then they were told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes;others were given an hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry when they did the ex-periment and the other half had just eaten.
For the experiment,the participant looked at a computer screen. One by one,80 words flashed on the screen for about 1/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that
the students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word,each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they'd seen一a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word ap-peared too briefly for the participant to really read it.
Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food-related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen,this means that the difference is in perception,not in thinking processes,Radel says.
“This is something great to me. Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment,I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our mo-tives and needs,”Radel says.Radel's experiment discovered that hungry people______.
A: were more sensitive to food-related words than stomach-full people
B: were better at identifying neutral words
C: were always thinking of food-related words
D: saw every word more clearly than stomach-full people答案：A解析：题干意为“第二段中提到“贫穷的儿童”和“饥饿的人”是为了表明人类的感官会受到头脑活动的影响。”短文第二段第一句提到“几十年来，心理学家已经知道我们头脑中发生的事会影响我们的感官”，文章紧接着举出了“贫穷的儿童”和“饥饿的人”的例子来证明这一点，故选A。
题干意为“拉德尔的实验中有一段推迟，因为他想要把参与实验者分成“饥饿”和“不饥饿”两组。“短文第三段后半部分提到“来参加实验的学生被告知实验推迟，有些人被告知十分钟之后再回来，而另外一些人则有一个小时的时间先吃午饭，这样当他们做实验的时候，一半是处于饥饿状态的，而另一半是刚吃饱的”，由此可见拉德尔故意设计了推迟以达到将参与实验者分组的目的，故选C。
题干意为“为什么屏幕上的80个单词闪现的特别快而且字号非常小？为了确保参与实验者没有时间清醒地思考。”短文第四段第三句提到“这些单词以非常小的字号闪现，这样学生就只能有意识地感知它们”，故选D。
题干意为“拉德尔的实验发现饥饿的人对与食物有关的词比饱腹的人更敏感。”短文第五段第一句提到“饥饿的人看到与食物有关的词觉得更明亮，而且他们能更好地识别这些词”，故选A。
题干意为“从拉德尔的话可以看出人类可以不经过深入思考的过程就能感知他们需要的东西。”短文最后两段提到拉德尔认为，饥饿的人和饱腹的人对单词的不同反应区别在于感知过程而不是思考过程。“人类真的可以感知他们需要或者努力争取的东西”，故选C。 -
第18题：
资料：Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child or even an animal, such as a pingeon can learm to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted.
We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone’s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.
Like the human face human personality is very complex. But describing someone’s peronality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a nice face looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a nice person, you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate friendly, warm, and so forth.
There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon Allports, an American psychologist, found nearly18,000 English words characterizing differences in people’s behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing or typing, his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military types——people are described with such terms.
People have always tried to type each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain’s or the hero’s role. In fact, the words person and persoality come from the Latin persona, meaning mask. Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the good guys from the bad guys because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.
What is the main idea of this passage?A.How to describe people’s personatities
B.How to distinguish people’s faces
C.How to distinguish people both inward and outward
D.How to differ good people from bad people答案：C解析：本题考查的是主旨理解。
【关键词】main idea
【主题句】第一段Faces, like fingerprints, are unique.（脸就像指纹一样独一无二。）；Yet a very young child-or even an animal, such as a pigeon --- can learn to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted.（然而，一个非常小的孩子或者一个动物（比如企鹅），他们能学会识别面容。）；第二段We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone’s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.（我们也可以通过举止来区分不同的人。当谈到某个人的个性时，我们指的是他或她的行为，说话，思考和感受，这些能让个体区别与他人。）；最后一段But we can easily tell the good guys from the bad guys because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.（但我们能轻松地区别好人和坏人，因为这两种人在外貌和行为上都有不同之处。）
【解析】第1题问“这篇文章的主要内容是什么？”。首先，第一段指出外貌是区分个体和其他之间差异的重要指标，而这种识别面容的能力在小孩子，甚至是动物身上都能找到。而在第二段，文章提到除了外貌，还可以通过个性举止来识别一个人。此外，在文章结尾，作者提到了区别好人坏人的方法，既可以通过观察外貌，也可以通过行为来判断此人是好是坏。所以C选项“如何从内在和外在来区分一个人”，把原文内容进行总结归纳，应为正确答案。A选项“如何描述人们的个性”，该选项只在第三段最后一句有提及“But if you were asked to describe a nice person, you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate（体贴的）, friendly, warm, and so forth.”局部信息不能作为全文主旨；B选项“如何区分人脸”，文中并未提及，故排除；D选项“如何区分好人坏人”，该选项只在文章最后一句提及，全文并未多处涉及。 -
第19题：
共用题干
第二篇
When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach
Our senses aren't just delivering a strict view of what'5 going on in the world;they're affected by
what's going on in our heads.A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than
people who'ye just eaten.
Psychologists have known for decades that what’。going on inside our heads affects our senses.For example,
poorer children think coins are larger than they are,and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter.
Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis,France,wanted to investigate how this happens.Does it
happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain's high-level thinking
processes get involved?
Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass（质量）index.On the day of his or her test,each
student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating.Then they were told there
was a delay.Some were told to come back in 10 minutes;others were given an hour to get lunch first.So half
the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten.
For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen.One by one,80 words flashed on the
screen for about 1/300th of a second each.They flashed at so small a size that the studentsc o111d only con-
sciously perceive - A quarter of the words were food-related.After each word,each person was asked how
bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they'd seen一a food-related word like cake or a
neutral（中性的）word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it.
Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food-related words.
Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen,this means that the difference is in per-
ception,not in thinking processes,Radel says.
"This is something great to me.Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive（奋斗）
for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal（处理）of our motives（动机）
and needs,"Radel says.Radel's experiment discovered that hungry people_______.
A:were more sensitive to food-related words than stomach-full people
B:were better at identifying neutral words
C:were always thinking of food-related words
D:saw every word more clearly than stomach-full people答案：A解析：A项是第二段第一句话中“.what' s going on inside our heads affects our heads affects our senses.”的同义表述，故选A。
答案的根据可在第二段找到。Radel为了保证42名学生到达实验室时是空腹的，所以 要求他们中午到达。然后告诉他们实验时间推迟了，请一部分学生10分钟后再来，请另外一 部分学生去用午餐，一个小时后再来。Radel用推迟实验的方法造就了两组实验者，即饥饿组 与饱食组。
由第四段中的“They flashed at so small a size that the studcnt, could only consciously per- ceive.（这些字如此小，那些学生只能有意识地注意到。）""Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it.（每个字出现的时间如此短暂以至于参与者无法真正地读懂 它。）”可知A项错误，D项正确，因为受试者并非什么也注意不到，只是没时间来读懂这个词， 即没时间思考这个词到底是什么意思。B、C两项文中未提到，故排除。所以选D。
由倒数第二段首句“Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food-related words.”可知答案。
最后一段第二句“Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for.”为选 择C项提供了依据。第三篇 本文讲述了芭蕾舞的起源和发展变化过程，介绍了芭蕾舞为适应时代变化石进行的改变。 -
第20题：
Which of the following is NOT said in the passageA.Wolfe‘s students praised Wolfe’s power of observation.
B.The author made an experiment on Wolfe‘s ability.
C.Wolfe‘s students asked the author to have a test of their ability.
D.Wolfe did not feel angry when he was tested.答案：C解析： -
第21题：
单选题Wang’s zeal was contagious; soon all his fellow students were busily making posters, inspired by his ardent enthusiasm for the cause.Aeager
Benthusiasm
Czealot
Dfanatic
正确答案： B解析： 句意：王的热情是有感染性的。受到他狂热行为的鼓舞，他所有的同学很快就忙着制作海报了。zeal热心，热情。enthusiasm与之同义。eager热心于，渴望着。zealot狂热者。fanatic狂热者。狂热的。 -
第22题：
单选题Which of the following is TRUE?AIn the 1920s, women were limited to being teachers, nurses or office workers.
BWomen mainly paid their attention to how they were paid in the 1960s.
CWomen asked to change “all men are created equal” into “all human beings are created equal”.
DNo states have ever provided women with jobs in the government.
正确答案： A解析：
推理判断题。从文章的第四段第一句话The Women’s Liberation movement, which developed during the 1960s, has focused on economic rights such as ‘equal pay for equal work’ 可知，在20世纪60年代，美国妇女的权利运动主要集中在同工同酬方面，主要关注的是自己的经济地位。所以B项正确。A项错误，倒数第二段末句提到女性的职业主要有teachers, nurses or office workers，而不是在这几个职业上受到限制。C项错误，由末句可知，是妇女解放运动的领导认为all men are created equal的意思是所有人类平等，而不是只有男人平等。D项错误，由with jobs in the government.定位倒数第二段倒数第二句，可知只有很少的妇女在学术和政府方面担任高层。 -
第23题：
单选题What does “old traditions” in the last sentence of the passage refer to?AMost of the north-eastern institutions were set up for both male and female students.
BMost of the north-eastern institutions enrolled only men students or women students before the 1960s.
CA lot of institutions in the north-east refused to enroll more students before the 1960s.
DMany institutions in the north-east have the same reputation as Harvard or Yale.
正确答案： C解析：
从文中可知，old traditions即指美国东北部一些学校单招男生或女生的情况。文章倒数第三句提到“Most of the north-eastern institutions of this kind were originally founded for men or women only”。故B项为正确答案。