According to the passage, the Pawnee Indians built their houses _____.A. with openings in the trunk wallsB. large enough for several familiesC. in a ring shape with bark and mudD.by bending young trees to form. the shape

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第三篇

Houses in 18th Century North America

Seventeenth-century houses in colonial North America were simple structures that were primarily functional,carrying over traditional designs that went back to the Middle Ages.During the first half of the eighteenth century,however,houses began to show a new elegance.As wealth increased, more and more colonists built fine houses.
Since architecture was not yet a specialized profession in the colonies,the design of buildings was left either to amateur designers or to carpenters who undertook to interpret architectural manuals imported from England.Inventories of colonial libraries show an astonishing number of these handbooks for builders,and the houses erected during the eighteenth century show their influence.Nevertheless,most domestic architecture of the first three-quarters of the eighteenth century displays a wide divergence of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid down in these books.
Increasing wealth and growing sophistication throughout the colonies resulted in houses of improved design,whether the material was wood,stone or brick.New England still favored wood, though brick houses became common in Boston and towns, where the danger of fire gave an impetus to the use of more durable material. A few houses in New England were built of store,but only in Pennsylvania and adjacent area was stone widely used in dwellings.An increased use of brick in houses and outbuildings is noticeable in Virginia and Maryland,but wood remained the most popular material even in houses built by wealthy landowners.In the Carolinas,even in closely packed Charleston,wooden houses were much more common than brick.
Eighteenth-century houses showed great interior improvement over their predecessors.Windows were made larger and shutters removed.Large,clear panes replaced the small leaded glass of the seventeenth century.Doorways were larger and more decorative.Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms.Walls were made of plaster or wood,sometimes elaborately paneled.White paint began to take the place of blues,yellows,greens,and lead colors,which had been popular for walls in the earlier years.After about 1730,advertisements for wallpaper styles in scenic patterns began to appear in colonial newspapers.

What does the passage mainly discuss?
A:The improved design of eighteenth-century colonial houses.
B:A comparison of eighteenth-century houses and modern houses.
C:The decorations used in eighteenth-century houses.
D:The role of carpenters in building eighteenth-century houses.

资料：Taikong City was founded by the dormuns about 50 AD.Its name is derived from a Cethic worldwhich means the piece of the bold one.After they invaded Bliton in 43 AD the Dormons built a bridge across the Themas River.They later decided it was an excellent place to built a port.The water was deep enough for ocean going ships but it was far enough inland to be safe from other raiders.Around 50 AD Dormons merchants built a town by the bridge.So Taikong City was born.
There was not a stone wall around the early settlement but there may have been a ditch and an earth ramepart with a wooden palisade on top.Then in 61 AD Queen Boudia led a rebellion against the Dormuns .Her army marched on Taikong City. No attempt was made to defend Taikong City.Boudia burned Taikong City but after her rebellion was crushed a was rebuilt.Rich peole built houses of stone or brick with tiled roofs but most people lived in wooden houses.By the end of the 2nd century stone wall was erected aroung Taikong City. The wall was 20 feet high.Outside the wall was a ditch.In the middle of the 3rd century 20 bastions were added to the walls （a semi-circular tower projecting from the wall）.

Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A.Queen Boudia made great contribution to Taikong City
B.It was not until the middle of the 3rd century that the bastions were built on the stone walls.
C.By the end of the 2nd century.most people lived in the wooden houses.
D.缺

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第三篇

Houses in 18th Century North America

Seventeenth-century houses in colonial North America were simple structures that were primarily functional,carrying over traditional designs that went back to the Middle Ages.During the first half of the eighteenth century,however,houses began to show a new elegance.As wealth increased, more and more colonists built fine houses.
Since architecture was not yet a specialized profession in the colonies,the design of buildings was left either to amateur designers or to carpenters who undertook to interpret architectural manuals imported from England.Inventories of colonial libraries show an astonishing number of these handbooks for builders,and the houses erected during the eighteenth century show their influence.Nevertheless,most domestic architecture of the first three-quarters of the eighteenth century displays a wide divergence of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid down in these books.
Increasing wealth and growing sophistication throughout the colonies resulted in houses of improved design,whether the material was wood,stone or brick.New England still favored wood, though brick houses became common in Boston and towns, where the danger of fire gave an impetus to the use of more durable material. A few houses in New England were built of store,but only in Pennsylvania and adjacent area was stone widely used in dwellings.An increased use of brick in houses and outbuildings is noticeable in Virginia and Maryland,but wood remained the most popular material even in houses built by wealthy landowners.In the Carolinas,even in closely packed Charleston,wooden houses were much more common than brick.
Eighteenth-century houses showed great interior improvement over their predecessors.Windows were made larger and shutters removed.Large,clear panes replaced the small leaded glass of the seventeenth century.Doorways were larger and more decorative.Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms.Walls were made of plaster or wood,sometimes elaborately paneled.White paint began to take the place of blues,yellows,greens,and lead colors,which had been popular for walls in the earlier years.After about 1730,advertisements for wallpaper styles in scenic patterns began to appear in colonial newspapers.

According to the passage,who was responsible for designing in eighteenth-century North America?
A:Professional architects.
B:Customers.
C:Interior decorators.
D:Carpenters.

The old town has narrow streets and small houses__________are built close to each other．

A.they
B.where
C.what
D.that

Price of the houses( )according to the positions and surrounding environment.

A.converts
B.alters
C.varies
D.transforms