competition－based pricing(名词解释)

第1题：

But pricing is based on the needs of target customers and it differs from place to place and over time.()

A. 但定价是基于目标客户需求的，它不同于地点，随着时间的推移。

B. 但定价是基于目标客户需求的，它随着不同的地点和时间而推移。

C. 但定价是基于目标客户需求的，并且价格也因地域和时间而有所不同。

参考答案： C

第2题：

Fair and (73) competition in government procurement around the world is good business and good public policy．Competitive pricing，product (74) and performance improvements result from competitive practices and help ensure that government authorities get the best (75) for the public they serv

（73）

A．open

B．continue

C．dependent

D．reliable

正确答案：A

第3题：

Text 1 It is a familiar ritual for many:after a late night out you reach for your smartphone to hail an Uber home.only to find-disaster-that the fare will be three times the normal rate.Like many things beloved by economists,"surge pricing"of the sort that occasionally afflicts Uber-users is both efficient and deeply unpopular.From a consumer's perspective,surge pricing is annoying at best and downright offensive when applied during emergencies.Extreme fare surges often lead to outpourings of public criticism:when a snowstorm paralysed New York in 2013,celebrities,including Salman Rushdie,took to social media to rail against triple-digit fares for relatively short rides.Some city governments have banned the practice altogether:Delhi's did so in April.Surge（or dynamic）pricing relies on frequent price adjustments to match supply and demand.Such systems are sometimes used to set motorway tolls（which rise and fall with demand in an effort to keep traffic flowing）,or to adjust the price of energy in electricity markets.A lower-tech version is common after natural disasters,when shopkeepers raise the price of necessities like bottled water and batteries as supplies run low.People understandably detest such practices.It offends the sensibilities of non-economists that the same journey should cost different amounts from one day or hour to the next-and more,invariably,when the need is most desperate.Yet surge fares also demonstrate the elegance with which prices moderate a marketplace.When demand in an area spikes and the waiting time for a car rises,surge pricing kicks in;users requesting carsare informed that the fare will be a multiple of the normal rate.As the multiple rises,the market goes to work.Higher fares ration available cars by willingness to pay:to richer users,in some cases,but also to those less able to wait out the surge period or with fewer good altematives.Charging extra to those without good alternatives sounds like gouging,yet without surge pricing such riders would be less likely to get a ride at all.since there would be no incentive for all the other people requesting cars to drop out.Surge pricing also boosts supply,at least locally,The extra money is shared with drivers,who therefore have an incentive to l:ravel to areas with high demand to help relieve the crush.Whether Uber remains a big part of the transport network in future,and whether it retains surge pricing,depends in part on how well local govemments manage the transport system as a whole.In other words,surge pricing is really only as painful as local officials allow it to be.23.The word"detest"（Para.2）is closest in meaning to

A.protest.
B.resent.
C.oppose.
D.exclude.

答案：B

解析：

词汇理解题。第二段第五句举例说明了“detest”的原因，“触犯了非经济学家的情感”，因为每一天的价格都不一样，因此可推测detest意思最接近resent（厌恶）．故选B项。【干扰排除】A项“反对”、C项“反抗”和D项“排斥”均和原文词义不符，可排除。

第4题：

Text 3 Recently,a coalition of business and advocacy groups from around Washington gathered to kick off a campaign to enact a carbon pricing program Known as the Climate and Community Reinvestment Act of D.C.,the plan would place a new tax on all fossil fuels bought or sold,with the hope of ultimately discouraging the use of these polluting energy sources.The big-picture goal of this campaign is admirable:to address the everdeepening crisis of climate chaos by dissuading the continued use of coal,oil and gas.But unfortunately,the approach-one based in a world of financial markets,trading schemes and enticing new public revenue streams-is inherently flawed.Simply put,carbon pricing is a false solution to climate change and a distraction from real,effective climate solutions we must urgently pursue.To date,there is scant evidence to indicate that carbon taxes lower greenhouse gas emissions.In fact,the opposite is true.Recently Food&Water Watch reviewed the British Columbia carbon tax program,often cited by advocates as an example of success.From 2009（the first full year of the tax）t0 2014,emissions from taxed sources grew by 4.3 percent.And in the seven years after the carbon tax took effect,total gasoline sales increased by 7.37 percent.Supporters of such plans like to focus on a deceivingly simple notion that increasing the price of a consumer good will automatically reduce its use.But this just isn't the case when it comes to the purchase of necessities.People must heat their homes in winter,and they must commute to work,regardless of the cost.Those backing the D.C.carbon pricing plan like to note that revenue from the new tax would go toward investment in clean energy sources.But only 20 percent of the generated funds would be allocated in this manner.The rest would be shared out in tax breaks for businesses and rebates for consumers,another factor undercutting the notion that increased costs up front would change consumer behavior in the long run.Meanwhile,fossil fuel giants such as ExxonMobil are increasingly coming out in support of carbon pricing.This should be cause for alarm for anyone concerned with stamping out the use of the dirty energy sources these corporations profit from.Exxon knows that carbon taxes will do little to change the business-as-usual dependence on oil and gas that it relies on to continue operating and enriching shareholders.Furthermore,corporations such as Exxon rightly view carbon pricing schemes as a means of diverting energy and interest from tougher regulations that might actually encroach on their business plans and bottom lines.Despite what well-intentioned activists want to believe,there is no convenient,market-friendly solution to our serious climate condition.There is only the hard truth that we must tackle the problem at its source:We must stop using fossil fuels,and soon.The latest science indicates that in order to avoid the worst effects of deepening climate chaos,society must transition completely to clean,renewable energy by 2035.
The author views the carbon pricing campaign with______.

A.sincere admiration
B.strong skepticism
C.reserved approval
D.slight uncertainty

答案：B

解析：

[信息锁定]第一段指出华盛顿特区发起了一场碳定价运动，意在通过对化石燃料征收新税、抑制这些污染能源的使用。第二段作者做出评论：该运动的宏观目标令人敬佩，但其方法天生有其缺陷（inherently flawed）．是解决气候变化的错误方式（false solution），是对真正有效的气候解决方案的注意力转移（a di.straction from real，effective climate solutions）。可见作者对该运动持强烈怀疑态度．B.正确。[解题技巧lA.利用第二段首句this campaign is admirable干扰，但这是作者批判之前让步肯定其目标，并非总体赞赏该运动。C.、D.注意到了第二段But转折前后的“作者评判两面性”，但选项偏“赞同”或”不确定”，未体现作者语义重点：inheremly flawed、a false solution、a distraction均体现强烈的质疑。

第5题：

Text 3 Recently,a coalition of business and advocacy groups from around Washington gathered to kick off a campaign to enact a carbon pricing program Known as the Climate and Community Reinvestment Act of D.C.,the plan would place a new tax on all fossil fuels bought or sold,with the hope of ultimately discouraging the use of these polluting energy sources.The big-picture goal of this campaign is admirable:to address the everdeepening crisis of climate chaos by dissuading the continued use of coal,oil and gas.But unfortunately,the approach-one based in a world of financial markets,trading schemes and enticing new public revenue streams-is inherently flawed.Simply put,carbon pricing is a false solution to climate change and a distraction from real,effective climate solutions we must urgently pursue.To date,there is scant evidence to indicate that carbon taxes lower greenhouse gas emissions.In fact,the opposite is true.Recently Food&Water Watch reviewed the British Columbia carbon tax program,often cited by advocates as an example of success.From 2009（the first full year of the tax）t0 2014,emissions from taxed sources grew by 4.3 percent.And in the seven years after the carbon tax took effect,total gasoline sales increased by 7.37 percent.Supporters of such plans like to focus on a deceivingly simple notion that increasing the price of a consumer good will automatically reduce its use.But this just isn't the case when it comes to the purchase of necessities.People must heat their homes in winter,and they must commute to work,regardless of the cost.Those backing the D.C.carbon pricing plan like to note that revenue from the new tax would go toward investment in clean energy sources.But only 20 percent of the generated funds would be allocated in this manner.The rest would be shared out in tax breaks for businesses and rebates for consumers,another factor undercutting the notion that increased costs up front would change consumer behavior in the long run.Meanwhile,fossil fuel giants such as ExxonMobil are increasingly coming out in support of carbon pricing.This should be cause for alarm for anyone concerned with stamping out the use of the dirty energy sources these corporations profit from.Exxon knows that carbon taxes will do little to change the business-as-usual dependence on oil and gas that it relies on to continue operating and enriching shareholders.Furthermore,corporations such as Exxon rightly view carbon pricing schemes as a means of diverting energy and interest from tougher regulations that might actually encroach on their business plans and bottom lines.Despite what well-intentioned activists want to believe,there is no convenient,market-friendly solution to our serious climate condition.There is only the hard truth that we must tackle the problem at its source:We must stop using fossil fuels,and soon.The latest science indicates that in order to avoid the worst effects of deepening climate chaos,society must transition completely to clean,renewable energy by 2035
Fossil fuel giants____.

A.are expressing dissatisfaction with carbon pricing schemes
B.are reducing their dependence on dirty energy sources
C.view clean renewable energy as their future source of profits
D.see carbon pricing as distraction from tough rules against them

答案：D

解析：

[信息锁定]第六段末句指出，美孚等化石燃料巨擘将“碳定价计划”看做是将人们的精力和兴趣从“更严厉的规定”（可能会真正危及其商业计划及盈亏底线）转移开来的手段，D.符合此意，其中distraction替换a means of diverting;tough regulations against them概括tougher regulations that…bottom lines.[解题技巧]A.主观推断（依据碳定价计划，化石燃料公司要缴纳更多税款，故公司们会对其表达不满），与第六段①句所述事实”化石燃料巨擘们正公开表示支持碳定价”相反。B.对③句change ihe.…dependence on oil and gas.…断章取义，该句整体并非说明“化石燃料公司在降低对脏能源的依赖”，而是“碳税不会改变人们对脏能源的依赖，而这种依赖正是化石公司的利益之源”。C.利用文末句transition completely to clean．renewable energy干扰，但这是作者建议，无关化石燃料公司观点。

第6题：

Competitive pricing，product （） And performance improvements result from competitive practices

A.recession
B.innovation
C.crisis
D.ability

答案：B

解析：

富有竞争力的价格、产品的创新和绩效的提高源于竞争性实践活动，
A．倒退 B．创新 C．危机 D．能力

第7题：

Which IBM resource should be used to validate the results from a Disk Magic study PRIOR topresenting the final storage solution and pricing to a customer?（）

A、Customer Engineer
B、Storage Sales Specialist
C、Competeline Representative
D、Field Technical Storage Specialist (pre-sales)

正确答案:D

第8题：

Fair and(1) competition in government procurement around the world is good business and good public policy. Competitive pricing, product(2)and performanceimprovements result from competitive practices and help ensure that government authoritiesget the best (3)for the public they serve. 空白（1）处填（）

A、open
B、continue
C、dependent
D、reliable

正确答案:A

第9题：

Fair and（1）competition in government procurement around the world is good business and good public policy. Competitive pricing, product （2）and performance improvements result from competitive practices and help ensure that government authorities get the best （3）for the public they serve.

A、help
B、server
C、value
D、policy

正确答案:C

第10题：

What current IBM resource can be used for simple-to-complex configurations and can be exported in different formats for the pricing of System x， BladeCenter and System x storage products？（）

A、System x Sales Configuration Aid （xSCA）
B、Standalone Solutions Configuration Tool （SSCT）
C、Configuration & Options Guide - （COG）
D、ServerProven

正确答案:B

第11题：

名词解释题

加成定价（Markup pricing）

正确答案：加成定价是指，为了确定一种产品的价格而把一个百分比（或绝对的）数量加到所估计的产品平均（或边际的）成本上，这就意味着该数量要计入某些无法化归任何具体产品中去的成本，并且旨在维持厂商的某一投资回报率。

解析：暂无解析

第12题：

单选题

内部资金转移定价管理（Funds Transfer Pricing，简称FTP）是指总行按照统一的内部资金转移价格（以下简称FTP价格），对全行所有（）资金来源和资金运用实施分类定价，科学核算各机构、部门和产品内部资金占用的成本和收益。

A

本币

B

外币

C

本外币

D

综合美元

正确答案： C

解析：暂无解析

第13题：

Financial Planning: the factors involved in deciding on appropriate pricing strategies

正确答案：Suggested answers: a．In any single market three basic factors determine the boundaries of the pricing decision. The price floor or minimum price is bounded by product cost. The price ceiling or maximum price is bounded by competitive prices for comparable products and ability of customers to pay. Between the floor and ceiling for every product there is an optimum price which is a function of the demand for the product and the cost of supplying the product. The international executive must develop a pricing system and pricing policies that 'address these fundamental factors in each of the national markets in which his company operates. b．In addition to developing a pricing system the system must also be consistent with a number of uniquely international constraints. In addition to the diversity of national markets in all three basic dimensions—cost competition and demand—the international executive is also confronted by conflicting governmental tax policies and claims as well as government controls such as dumping legislation resale price maintenance legislation price ceilings and general review of price levels. Other factors affecting the international pricing decisions are the often surprisingly high international transportation costs middlemen in elongated international channels of distribution and multinational accounts demanding equal price treatment regardless of location. c．Pricing decisions have a major impact on a number of societal groups: consumers customers employees stockholders the public interest and of course the competition. These interest groups are affected by pricing decisions which in turn constrain the international executive. A widespread effect of international business is to lower prices. Within the corporation there are many interest groups and frequently conflicting price objectives. The divisional vice-president is concerned about profitability at the divisional level. Regional executives are concerned about profitability at the country level. d．The direction of international marketing seeks competitive prices in world markets.. The controller and financial vice-president are concerned about profits. The manufacturing vice-president seeks long runs for maximum manufacturing efficiency. The tax manager is concerned about compliance with government transfer pricing legislation and company counsel is concerned about the antitrust implications of international pricing practices. With such a large number of divergent and often conflicting interests combined with the limitations of our existing measures of demand it is premature to expect that we should be able to determine“optimal”prices in international marketing. A more feasible objective for the international executive is to formulate international pricing strategy and policy that will contribute rather than detract from company sales and profit objectives worldwide.
Suggested answers: a．In any single market three basic factors determine the boundaries of the pricing decision. The price floor, or minimum price, is bounded by product cost. The price ceiling, or maximum price, is bounded by competitive prices for comparable products and ability of customers to pay. Between the floor and ceiling for every product there is an optimum price, which is a function of the demand for the product and the cost of supplying the product. The international executive must develop a pricing system and pricing policies that 'address these fundamental factors in each of the national markets in which his company operates. b．In addition to developing a pricing system, the system must also be consistent with a number of uniquely international constraints. In addition to the diversity of national markets in all three basic dimensions—cost, competition, and demand—the international executive is also confronted by conflicting governmental tax policies and claims as well as government controls such as dumping legislation, resale price maintenance legislation, price ceilings and general review of price levels. Other factors affecting the international pricing decisions are the often surprisingly high international transportation costs, middlemen in elongated international channels of distribution, and multinational accounts demanding equal price treatment regardless of location. c．Pricing decisions have a major impact on a number of societal groups: consumers, customers, employees, stockholders, the public interest, and, of course, the competition. These interest groups are affected by pricing decisions, which in turn constrain the international executive. A widespread effect of international business is to lower prices. Within the corporation there are many interest groups and frequently conflicting price objectives. The divisional vice-president is concerned about profitability at the divisional level. Regional executives are concerned about profitability at the country level. d．The direction of international marketing seeks competitive prices in world markets.. The controller and financial vice-president are concerned about profits. The manufacturing vice-president seeks long runs for maximum manufacturing efficiency. The tax manager is concerned about compliance with government transfer pricing legislation, and company counsel is concerned about the antitrust implications of international pricing practices. With such a large number of divergent and often conflicting interests combined with the limitations of our existing measures of demand, it is premature to expect that we should be able to determine“optimal”prices in international marketing. A more feasible objective for the international executive is to formulate international pricing strategy and policy that will contribute rather than detract from company sales and profit objectives worldwide. 解析：constrain强迫，强制，束缚。optimum price最适当价格。 dumping倾销。antitrust反托拉斯。divergent分歧的，分开的。detract from贬低，减损。premature早熟的，仓促的。

第14题：

Text 1 It is a familiar ritual for many:after a late night out you reach for your smartphone to hail an Uber home.only to find-disaster-that the fare will be three times the normal rate.Like many things beloved by economists,"surge pricing"of the sort that occasionally afflicts Uber-users is both efficient and deeply unpopular.From a consumer's perspective,surge pricing is annoying at best and downright offensive when applied during emergencies.Extreme fare surges often lead to outpourings of public criticism:when a snowstorm paralysed New York in 2013,celebrities,including Salman Rushdie,took to social media to rail against triple-digit fares for relatively short rides.Some city governments have banned the practice altogether:Delhi's did so in April.Surge（or dynamic）pricing relies on frequent price adjustments to match supply and demand.Such systems are sometimes used to set motorway tolls（which rise and fall with demand in an effort to keep traffic flowing）,or to adjust the price of energy in electricity markets.A lower-tech version is common after natural disasters,when shopkeepers raise the price of necessities like bottled water and batteries as supplies run low.People understandably detest such practices.It offends the sensibilities of non-economists that the same journey should cost different amounts from one day or hour to the next-and more,invariably,when the need is most desperate.Yet surge fares also demonstrate the elegance with which prices moderate a marketplace.When demand in an area spikes and the waiting time for a car rises,surge pricing kicks in;users requesting carsare informed that the fare will be a multiple of the normal rate.As the multiple rises,the market goes to work.Higher fares ration available cars by willingness to pay:to richer users,in some cases,but also to those less able to wait out the surge period or with fewer good altematives.Charging extra to those without good alternatives sounds like gouging,yet without surge pricing such riders would be less likely to get a ride at all.since there would be no incentive for all the other people requesting cars to drop out.Surge pricing also boosts supply,at least locally,The extra money is shared with drivers,who therefore have an incentive to l:ravel to areas with high demand to help relieve the crush.Whether Uber remains a big part of the transport network in future,and whether it retains surge pricing,depends in part on how well local govemments manage the transport system as a whole.In other words,surge pricing is really only as painful as local officials allow it to be.21.It can be inferred from Paragraph l that Uber's pricing strategy

A.works efficiently in the market.
B.has fluctuated in the late night.
C.is criticised by both consumers and economists.
D.will cause catastrophe during emergencies.

答案：A

解析：

事实细节题。第一段列举了深夜用优步打车，收费是平时的三倍的例子。第一段第二句提到，优步的定价策略虽然有效却不受消费者欢迎，因此A项“在市场中行之有效”是正确选项。【干扰排除】第一段第一句提到，后半夜打车的价格是平常的三倍，因此价格是提高而不是波动，B项错误；由第一段第二句可知，这种定价策略受到经济学家的喜爱，所以C项错误；第一段第一句提到优步价格提高是disaster（灾难）．但这只是对消费者来说是一种不好的体验，并不是真的带来灾难．D项可排除。

第15题：

Text 3 Recently,a coalition of business and advocacy groups from around Washington gathered to kick off a campaign to enact a carbon pricing program Known as the Climate and Community Reinvestment Act of D.C.,the plan would place a new tax on all fossil fuels bought or sold,with the hope of ultimately discouraging the use of these polluting energy sources.The big-picture goal of this campaign is admirable:to address the everdeepening crisis of climate chaos by dissuading the continued use of coal,oil and gas.But unfortunately,the approach-one based in a world of financial markets,trading schemes and enticing new public revenue streams-is inherently flawed.Simply put,carbon pricing is a false solution to climate change and a distraction from real,effective climate solutions we must urgently pursue.To date,there is scant evidence to indicate that carbon taxes lower greenhouse gas emissions.In fact,the opposite is true.Recently Food&Water Watch reviewed the British Columbia carbon tax program,often cited by advocates as an example of success.From 2009（the first full year of the tax）t0 2014,emissions from taxed sources grew by 4.3 percent.And in the seven years after the carbon tax took effect,total gasoline sales increased by 7.37 percent.Supporters of such plans like to focus on a deceivingly simple notion that increasing the price of a consumer good will automatically reduce its use.But this just isn't the case when it comes to the purchase of necessities.People must heat their homes in winter,and they must commute to work,regardless of the cost.Those backing the D.C.carbon pricing plan like to note that revenue from the new tax would go toward investment in clean energy sources.But only 20 percent of the generated funds would be allocated in this manner.The rest would be shared out in tax breaks for businesses and rebates for consumers,another factor undercutting the notion that increased costs up front would change consumer behavior in the long run.Meanwhile,fossil fuel giants such as ExxonMobil are increasingly coming out in support of carbon pricing.This should be cause for alarm for anyone concerned with stamping out the use of the dirty energy sources these corporations profit from.Exxon knows that carbon taxes will do little to change the business-as-usual dependence on oil and gas that it relies on to continue operating and enriching shareholders.Furthermore,corporations such as Exxon rightly view carbon pricing schemes as a means of diverting energy and interest from tougher regulations that might actually encroach on their business plans and bottom lines.Despite what well-intentioned activists want to believe,there is no convenient,market-friendly solution to our serious climate condition.There is only the hard truth that we must tackle the problem at its source:We must stop using fossil fuels,and soon.The latest science indicates that in order to avoid the worst effects of deepening climate chaos,society must transition completely to clean,renewable energy by 2035.
Which of the following is true,according to Paragraphs 4 and 5?

A.Consumers will use less of a good when its price increases.
B.Carbon taxes will benefit the development of clean energy.
C.Increased cost will do little to change the use of necessities.
D.The dependence on fossil fuels will decrease automatically.

答案：C

解析：

[信息锁定]第四段首先介绍一种错误认识“提升某一消费品的价格会自动降低人们对它的使用”。随后作者指¨{其漏洞“对于必需品购买并非如此。无论花费多少，人们必须取暖、通勤（必须使用燃料）”。可见成本提升几乎不会影响人们对必需品的使用，C.正确。[解题技巧]A.为第四段①句碳税方案支持者（Supporters）的观点，但无论是句中deceivingly、还是转折之后内容，都表明本文作者对此观点持反对态度。B.符合第五段①句特区方案支持者（Those backing the D．C．carbon pricing plan）的观点，但转折之后作者否定了这一认识。D.糅杂文中dependence on oil and gas、automatically形成干扰，实际上文中并未提及对化石燃料的依赖将会自动降低。

第16题：

Text 3 Recently,a coalition of business and advocacy groups from around Washington gathered to kick off a campaign to enact a carbon pricing program Known as the Climate and Community Reinvestment Act of D.C.,the plan would place a new tax on all fossil fuels bought or sold,with the hope of ultimately discouraging the use of these polluting energy sources.The big-picture goal of this campaign is admirable:to address the everdeepening crisis of climate chaos by dissuading the continued use of coal,oil and gas.But unfortunately,the approach-one based in a world of financial markets,trading schemes and enticing new public revenue streams-is inherently flawed.Simply put,carbon pricing is a false solution to climate change and a distraction from real,effective climate solutions we must urgently pursue.To date,there is scant evidence to indicate that carbon taxes lower greenhouse gas emissions.In fact,the opposite is true.Recently Food&Water Watch reviewed the British Columbia carbon tax program,often cited by advocates as an example of success.From 2009（the first full year of the tax）t0 2014,emissions from taxed sources grew by 4.3 percent.And in the seven years after the carbon tax took effect,total gasoline sales increased by 7.37 percent.Supporters of such plans like to focus on a deceivingly simple notion that increasing the price of a consumer good will automatically reduce its use.But this just isn't the case when it comes to the purchase of necessities.People must heat their homes in winter,and they must commute to work,regardless of the cost.Those backing the D.C.carbon pricing plan like to note that revenue from the new tax would go toward investment in clean energy sources.But only 20 percent of the generated funds would be allocated in this manner.The rest would be shared out in tax breaks for businesses and rebates for consumers,another factor undercutting the notion that increased costs up front would change consumer behavior in the long run.Meanwhile,fossil fuel giants such as ExxonMobil are increasingly coming out in support of carbon pricing.This should be cause for alarm for anyone concerned with stamping out the use of the dirty energy sources these corporations profit from.Exxon knows that carbon taxes will do little to change the business-as-usual dependence on oil and gas that it relies on to continue operating and enriching shareholders.Furthermore,corporations such as Exxon rightly view carbon pricing schemes as a means of diverting energy and interest from tougher regulations that might actually encroach on their business plans and bottom lines.Despite what well-intentioned activists want to believe,there is no convenient,market-friendly solution to our serious climate condition.There is only the hard truth that we must tackle the problem at its source:We must stop using fossil fuels,and soon.The latest science indicates that in order to avoid the worst effects of deepening climate chaos,society must transition completely to clean,renewable energy by 2035.
The most suitable title for this text would be_____.

A.The Carbon Tax Fallacy
B.The Climate Change Myth
C.The Call for Clean Energy
D.The Causes of Climate Chaos

答案：A

解析：

[信息锁定]文章前两段评论事件“华盛顿特区发起一场对碳征税的运动”，指出其初衷是好的，但方法天生有缺陷。第三至六段集中论证，指H{“对碳排放征税”这种方式并不能减少污染，所得税金也不能用于大力投资清洁能源，反而将人们的注意力从更严厉的规定转移开来。末段作者指出，方便的、市场友好的气候解决方案并不存在，正确做法是立即停止使用化石燃料。可见本文核心为批判“以碳税来降低污染”这一错误做法．A.为恰当题目。[解题技巧]B.未能切中文章主题、且违背作者观点：“气候变化”并：lE文章重点关注对象，且作者承认气候变化问题切实存在。C.符合作者观点“应停止使用化石燃料，转向清洁能源”，但“清洁能源”并非全文重点关注对象。D.利用climate chaos干扰，但文中并未详细论述气候问题的各种成因。

第17题：

Competitive pricing help ensure that government authorities get the best （） for the public they serve.

A.help
B.server
C.value
D.policy

答案：C

解析：

富有竞争力的价格、产品的创新和绩效的提高源于竞争性实践活动，并有助于确保政府为公众提供最有价值的服务。
A．帮助 B．服务 C．价值 D．政策

第18题：

What is a useful tool to get solution requirements and pricing in the sales process?（）

A、Smart Assist
B、Quote Builder
C、Partner Central
D、Visio

正确答案:B

第19题：

掠夺性定价（Predatory pricing）

正确答案: 掠夺性定价是指为了把竞争性厂商从行业中赶走从而制定一个低价的做法。

第20题：

转让定价（Transfer Pricing）

正确答案:是指关联企业之间在销售货物、提供劳务、转让无形资产等时，出于共同利益需要，制定背离市场正常价格的内部交易价格的过程。在跨国经济活动中，利用关联企业之间的转让定价进行避税已成为一种常见的税收逃避方法，

第21题：

A customer is interested in a power efficient server solution. The Sales Specialist has recommended a BladeCenter solution. The customer debates the price is high compared to rack servers. Which of the following should the Sales Specialist emphasize to address the pricing difference？（）

A、Higher rack density that reduces data center footprints
B、Internal upgrades that only IBM can offer
C、Total Cost of Ownership （TCO） related to innovative components such as Integrated Switches
D、The Rear Door Heat eXchanger that only IBM can offer

正确答案:C

第22题：

单选题

What is the main reason for doing a Solutions Assurance Review with the customer？（）

A

To revalidate the total solution

B

To overcome objections to the solution

C

To review the pricing with the customer

D

To ensure the customer has the correct applications

正确答案： C

解析：暂无解析

第23题：

名词解释题

限制性定价（Limit pricing）

正确答案：限制性定价是指为了阻止其他厂商进人而采取的一种定价。限制性价格是一种使得进入者失望或阻止它们进入的价格。

解析：暂无解析

competition－based pricing(名词解释)

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