单选题According to traditional English law ______.A a person could refuse medical treatmentB a person should not endanger his life by refusing medical treatmentC a person should not refuse medical treatmentD a doctor could force his patient into accepting hi

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1.Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible.If we are to solve the nursing shortage（不足）,hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example.
2.At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state.Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient's illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.
3.The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization,keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment,it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.
4. Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized（分散的）nursing administration; every floor,every unit is a self-contained organization.There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing,employee advising, and they make salary recommendations.Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.
5.Beth Israel's nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee,which in most hospitals includes only doctors.

Follow Beth Israel's example,if we are to solve the________.
A:true college
B:nursing shortage
C:head nurse
D:doctor
E:what shifts and when
F: employee

共用题干
1.Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible.If we are to solve the nursing shortage（不足）,hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example.
2.At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state.Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient's illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.
3.The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization,keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment,it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.
4. Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized（分散的）nursing administration; every floor,every unit is a self-contained organization.There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing,employee advising, and they make salary recommendations.Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.
5.Beth Israel's nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee,which in most hospitals includes only doctors.

What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a_________.
A:true college
B:nursing shortage
C:head nurse
D:doctor
E:what shifts and when
F: employee

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Double Effect
The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect",a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects-a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen-is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients'pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.
Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who"until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."
George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston Univeisity,maintains that,as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimale medical purpose,the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.if you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."
On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician一assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care at the End of Life.It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices,to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.
Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care."Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,"to the extent that it constitutes"systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards"must make it clear that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."

Which of the following statements is true according to the text?
A:Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients'death.
B:Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.
C:The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication should be prescribed.
D:A doctor's medication is no longer justified by his intentions.

共用题干
1.Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible.If we are to solve the nursing shortage（不足）,hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example.
2.At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state.Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient's illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.
3.The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization,keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment,it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.
4. Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized（分散的）nursing administration; every floor,every unit is a self-contained organization.There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing,employee advising, and they make salary recommendations.Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.
5.Beth Israel's nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee,which in most hospitals includes only doctors.

Paragraph 4________
A:Every patient is assigned to a primary nurse.
B:Every patient is assigned to a doctor.
C:The features of nursing in Beth Israel.
D:The best patient care possible in Beth Israel hospital.
E:The cheapest patient care in Beth Israel hospital.
F:The duties of primary nurse.

共用题干
1.Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible.If we are to solve the nursing shortage（不足）,hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example.
2.At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state.Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient's illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.
3.The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization,keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment,it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.
4. Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized（分散的）nursing administration; every floor,every unit is a self-contained organization.There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing,employee advising, and they make salary recommendations.Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.
5.Beth Israel's nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee,which in most hospitals includes only doctors.

There are nurse managers instead of_________.
A:true college
B:nursing shortage
C:head nurse
D:doctor
E:what shifts and when
F: employee

A person′s calorie requirements vary______ his life.

A.across
B.throughout
C.over
D.within