单选题According to the author, at a big party, small talk is used with the purpose of ______.A making both others and yourself feel at easeB excluding those you don’t like from joining youC keeping your voice low so only your friends can hear youD comforting
题目
making both others and yourself feel at ease
excluding those you don’t like from joining you
keeping your voice low so only your friends can hear you
comforting those who feel lonely
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第1题：
根据下面资料，回答
"Hi there. How′ s it going?"
"Oh, fine. Fine. How about this weather, huh?"
"Well, I guess we can always use the rain."
What is that? This story? Oh, just a little look at small talk. You know, those seemingly meaningless conversations you have dozens of times a day. Maybe you′re waiting for the elevator, or in a line at the bank. It all seems pretty trivial. Idle chatter about traffic doesn′t do much more than fill the air with empty words that are quickly forgotten. But you should know that small talk actually has a big place in our lives.
Pat Oliver, assistant professor on arts, says that, "Left unchecked, small talk can be an invasion. It′ s so powerful. It does something to you." "Every morning after spending an hour and a half on the freeway I start the day with small talk with my secretary," Oliver says, "If I don′t make small connection with another person, I can′ t work."
What causes it? As a rule, you′re either trying to force something into your life, or you′re using conversation as an invisible force field to keep them out. You can be wanting to connect with another person, and small talk is your introduction to more meaning conversation. The way people use small talk is usually determined by where they happen to beat the time.
Take the elevator, for instance. Now there′ s prime territory. Nobody knows anyone and there′ s no reason to start a conversation, but invariably, someone does. "Making conversation in such peaceful social settings," according to Oliver, "can confirm your territory. It′s a way of feeling liked and accepted."
The topics of small talk don′t matter. In fact, you don′t want anything more taxing than the weather or the traffic. It′ s non-threatening talk in a threatening situation. However, the rules change quickly when you′re with lots of people doing lots of talking.
Let′ s say you′ re at a party. Now it′ s time to use small talk as a way of making others feel more comfortable around you, so don′ t look silly standing by the food table alone all night.
According to the author, small talk is often used _____________.A.to invade other' s private affairs
B.to share a secret between intimate friends
C.to open and maintain channels of communication
D.to protect one' s own privacy答案：C解析：推断题。由文章第六段“You Can be wanting to connect with another person，and small talk is your introduction to more meaning conversation．”可知C项正确。 -
第2题：
根据下面资料，回答
"Hi there. How′ s it going?"
"Oh, fine. Fine. How about this weather, huh?"
"Well, I guess we can always use the rain."
What is that? This story? Oh, just a little look at small talk. You know, those seemingly meaningless conversations you have dozens of times a day. Maybe you′re waiting for the elevator, or in a line at the bank. It all seems pretty trivial. Idle chatter about traffic doesn′t do much more than fill the air with empty words that are quickly forgotten. But you should know that small talk actually has a big place in our lives.
Pat Oliver, assistant professor on arts, says that, "Left unchecked, small talk can be an invasion. It′ s so powerful. It does something to you." "Every morning after spending an hour and a half on the freeway I start the day with small talk with my secretary," Oliver says, "If I don′t make small connection with another person, I can′ t work."
What causes it? As a rule, you′re either trying to force something into your life, or you′re using conversation as an invisible force field to keep them out. You can be wanting to connect with another person, and small talk is your introduction to more meaning conversation. The way people use small talk is usually determined by where they happen to beat the time.
Take the elevator, for instance. Now there′ s prime territory. Nobody knows anyone and there′ s no reason to start a conversation, but invariably, someone does. "Making conversation in such peaceful social settings," according to Oliver, "can confirm your territory. It′s a way of feeling liked and accepted."
The topics of small talk don′t matter. In fact, you don′t want anything more taxing than the weather or the traffic. It′ s non-threatening talk in a threatening situation. However, the rules change quickly when you′re with lots of people doing lots of talking.
Let′ s say you′ re at a party. Now it′ s time to use small talk as a way of making others feel more comfortable around you, so don′ t look silly standing by the food table alone all night.
"Small talk", as interpreted by the author,_____________.A.has no real function in communication at all
B.is usually meaningless and therefore useless
C.is not as idle as it may seem to be
D.is restricted to certain topics only答案：C解析：主旨题。通读全篇，可知作者的意图在于说明寒喧看上去没什么意义，但是却在生活中起着很大的作用。例如将交谈双方引入一些更重要的谈话，或是打破冷场的局面。故C项正确。 -
第3题：
根据下面资料，回答
"Hi there. How′ s it going?"
"Oh, fine. Fine. How about this weather, huh?"
"Well, I guess we can always use the rain."
What is that? This story? Oh, just a little look at small talk. You know, those seemingly meaningless conversations you have dozens of times a day. Maybe you′re waiting for the elevator, or in a line at the bank. It all seems pretty trivial. Idle chatter about traffic doesn′t do much more than fill the air with empty words that are quickly forgotten. But you should know that small talk actually has a big place in our lives.
Pat Oliver, assistant professor on arts, says that, "Left unchecked, small talk can be an invasion. It′ s so powerful. It does something to you." "Every morning after spending an hour and a half on the freeway I start the day with small talk with my secretary," Oliver says, "If I don′t make small connection with another person, I can′ t work."
What causes it? As a rule, you′re either trying to force something into your life, or you′re using conversation as an invisible force field to keep them out. You can be wanting to connect with another person, and small talk is your introduction to more meaning conversation. The way people use small talk is usually determined by where they happen to beat the time.
Take the elevator, for instance. Now there′ s prime territory. Nobody knows anyone and there′ s no reason to start a conversation, but invariably, someone does. "Making conversation in such peaceful social settings," according to Oliver, "can confirm your territory. It′s a way of feeling liked and accepted."
The topics of small talk don′t matter. In fact, you don′t want anything more taxing than the weather or the traffic. It′ s non-threatening talk in a threatening situation. However, the rules change quickly when you′re with lots of people doing lots of talking.
Let′ s say you′ re at a party. Now it′ s time to use small talk as a way of making others feel more comfortable around you, so don′ t look silly standing by the food table alone all night.
Why is small talk described as "non-threatening talk in a threatening situation"?A.It is used by people to encourage those who are confronted with danger.
B.It is used to show that one is enthusiastic and hospitable.
C.It is used to create a more friendly atmosphere and to avoid embarrassment.
D.It is used by people to protect others in the threatening situation.答案：C解析：推断题。联系下文可知，寒喧的作用之一就是使得自己和周围的人在一些场合能感到放松。从谈话的内容来看，寒暄有利于营造一种轻松的气氛。故选C。 -
第4题：
According to the author, at a big party, small talk is used with the purpose of__________.A.making both others and yourself feel at ease
B.excluding those you don't like from joining you
C.keeping your voice low so only your friends can hear you
D.comforting those who feel lonely答案：A解析：由最后一段“Now it’s time to use small talk as a way of making others feel more comfortablearound you”可知．A项“使他人和自己都感到轻松”与此相符，故选A项。 -
第5题：
共用题干
第三篇
Look After Your Voice
Often speakers at a meeting experience dry mouths and ask for a glass of water. You can solve the problem
by activating the saliva in you mouth.First gently bite the edges of your tongue with your teeth.Or press
your entire tongue to the bottom of your mouth and hold it there until the saliva flow.Or you can imagine that
you are slicing a big juicy lemon and sucking the juice.
Before you begin your talk,be kind to your voice.Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat.
Keep your throat wet by drinking a little sweetened warm tea or diluted fruit juice.
If you sense that your are losing your voice,stop talking completely.Save your voice for your speech.
You may feel foolish using paper to write notes,but the best thing you can do is to rest your voice.If you
need to see a doctor,perhaps you can get some advice from a professional singer. In the meantime,do not
even talk in a low voice.
What about drinking alcohol to wet your throat?I advice you not to touch alcohol before speaking. The
problem with alcohol is that one drink gives you a little confidence.The second drink gives you even more
confidence.Finally you will feel all-powerful and you will feel you can do everything,but in fact your brain
and your mouth do not work together properly.Save the alcohol until after you finish speaking.
Perhaps you want to accept the advice,but you may wonder if you can ever change the habits of a life-
time.Of course you can.Goethe,who lived before indoor skating rinks or swimming pools,said,"We learn
to skate in the summer and swim in the winter."Take this message to heart and give yourself time to develop
your new habits.If you are willing to change,you will soon be able to say that you will never forget these
techniques because they became a part of your body.What does the writer suggest when you feel you are losing your voice?
A:Rest your voice.
B:Drink some alcohol.
C:Ask a singer to teach you how to protect your voice.
D:Never go to see a doctor.答案：A解析：在文章第一段中，作者提到三种解决讲话时口干的方法，分别对应A、B、C选项。故 选D。
由文章第三段第三句“...but the best thing you can do is to rest your voice.”可知，答案 为A。
由文章第四段可知，作者忠告演说者在演说之前千万不要饮酒。故选B。
文章最后一段中歌德的原话是“We learn to skate in the summer and swim in the winter",A项与歌德的说法最接近。
作者在最后一段引用歌德的话想证明，一个人在一生中养成的习惯如果想改还是可以 改的。故选C。第5部分：补全短文 -
第6题：
共用题干
Look After Your Voice
Often speakers at a meeting experience dry mouths and ask for a glass of water. You can solve the problem by activating the saliva in your mouth.First gently bite the edges of your tongue with your teeth .Or,press your entire tongue to the bottom of your mouth and hold it there until the saliva flows.Or you can imagine that you are slicing a big juicy lemon and sucking the juice.
Before you begin your talk,be kind'to your voice.Avoid milk or creamy drinks which dry your throat. Keep your throat wet by drinking a little sweetened warm tea or diluted fruit juice.
If you sense that you are losing your voice,stop talking completely.In the meantime,do not even talk in a low voice.Save your voice for your health.You may feel foolish using paper to write notes,but the best thing you can do is to rest your voice.If it is necessary,perhaps you can get some advice from a professional singer.
What about drinking alcohol to wet your throat?I advice you not to touch alcohol before speaking. The problem with alcohol is that one drink gives you a little confidence.The second drink gives you even more confidence.Finally you will feel all-powerful and you will feel you can do everything,but in fact your brain and your mouth do not work together properly.Save the alco- hol until after you finish speaking.
Perhaps you want to accept the advice,but you may wonder if you can ever change the habits of a lifetime .Of course you can .Goethe,who lived before indoor skating rinks or swimming pools,said,“We learn to skate in the summer and swim in the winter”.Take this message to heart and give yourself time to develop your new habits.If you are willing to change,you will soon be able to say that you will never forget these techniques because they became a part of your body.The writer's advice about alcohol before you make a speech is to take one or two drinks so as to give yourself some confidence.
A: Right
B:Wrong
C: Not mentioned答案：B解析：文章在第二段提到“Avoid milk or creamy drinks which dry your throat.”避免喝牛奶或者乳制品饮料，因为那些饮品会使你的嗓子发干。
文章的第一段的第三、四、五句，分别提到三种调动唾液的方法。
文章第三段指出，如果你感觉嗓音变沙哑，你要彻底停止讲话，并向专业歌手征求保护嗓子的建议。
文章第四段指出，酒精给予人的自信只是刺激大脑产生的感觉，但事实上酒精会破坏大脑和嘴的协调性。
文章第四段指出喝酒对于讲话的弊端“… but in fact your brain and your mouth do not work together properly.”
文章没有提及。
文章引用歌德的名言就是为了给读者以励志，来证明一个人是可以改掉他多年的习惯的。 -
第7题：
共用题干
Knowing Your Real Personality from Sleeping Positions
Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real.You don't show your secret personality when you're awake because you can control yourself,but when you're asleep,your sleeping position shows the real you.In a normal night,of course,you often change your sleeping positions.The important position that best shows your se-cret personality is the one that you go to sleep.
If you go to sleep on your back,you're a very open person.You nbrmally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas.You don't like to make people unhappy,so you never ex-press your real feelings.You're quite shy and you aren't very confident.
If you sleep on your stomach,you are a person who likes to keep secrets.You worry a lot and you're always easily becoming sad.You never want to change your ideas,but you are satisfied with your life the way it is.You usually live for today not for tomorrow.
If you sleep on curled up,you are probably a very nervous person.You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt,so you are very defensive.You're shy and you don't usually like meeting people.You like to be on your own.
If you sleep on your side,you have usually got a well-balanced personality.You know your strengths and weaknesses.You're usually careful.You have a confident personality.You sometimes feel worried,but you don't often get unhappy .You always say what you think,even if it makes people angry.You may find the passage in ______.
A: a science magazine
B: a guide book
C: a sports newspaper
D: a story book答案：A解析：整篇文章介绍的是人物的性格特征，外在的和内在的，说明和科学有关。
跟据文章第一段中“The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep.”可知应该是开始睡的时候。
由文章第三段中的“If you sleep on your stomach, you are a person who likes to keep secrets.”可知。
从文章第四段中“You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt,”可知，保护自己不受到伤害，那么defensive意为“有戒心的”。
由文章中的第二段到第五段可知。 -
第8题：
Good Communication for Making Friends As a communication skills trainer, I've met a wide range of people. Some people have trouble associating with others and have difficulty making friends. So I would like to discuss two key points to making good friends. The first is to show respect and love for your friends through your words. Try to say things to others that would feel good to you if you heard them. For example, say things like, "Thanks for the great time" and "It was really nice to get to know you."If you are not good at speaking, then smiling and using body language to express your sincerity is also an effective way to communicate. Additionally, I recommend that when you meet someone new send them an e-mail or letter before the day is over to express how nice it was to meet them. The goal of good communication is to reach another person's heart and form a comfortable relationship. It is, therefore, based the premise that you get rid of your worries and become a bright and positive person. When there is static noise over the phone line, you can't hear the other person clearly, right? In the same way, when your mind is full of worries and you try to communicate with another person, you cannot give or receive messages accurately. For example, let's say you are still tied to a past wound of being betrayed by a friend and feeling hurts .Even if you meet someone new and he or she tells you, "Let's be good friends," you may not be able to accept it because you will hear a negative inner voice saying something like "I might be betrayed again" or "the person might have a hidden agenda."With this worry in your mind, you will not be able to make friends. If you can be refreshed and get rid of your worries, you should be able to sense others' thoughts and feelings without prejudice and build a relationship of trust. If you really can't let go of your painful past experience, then try to change your perspective on the experience. For example, try to think that it was a necessary lesson for you to understand others' pain. If you can think of the positive intention behind the event, then you will be able to view the experience favourably and feel better. In the sentence "the person might have a hidden agenda" (para.2) ,the word "agenda" means（）
- A、relationship
- B、plan
- C、worry
- D、past
正确答案:B -
第9题：
Good Communication for Making Friends As a communication skills trainer, I've met a wide range of people. Some people have trouble associating with others and have difficulty making friends. So I would like to discuss two key points to making good friends. The first is to show respect and love for your friends through your words. Try to say things to others that would feel good to you if you heard them. For example, say things like, "Thanks for the great time" and "It was really nice to get to know you."If you are not good at speaking, then smiling and using body language to express your sincerity is also an effective way to communicate. Additionally, I recommend that when you meet someone new send them an e-mail or letter before the day is over to express how nice it was to meet them. The goal of good communication is to reach another person's heart and form a comfortable relationship. It is, therefore, based the premise that you get rid of your worries and become a bright and positive person. When there is static noise over the phone line, you can't hear the other person clearly, right? In the same way, when your mind is full of worries and you try to communicate with another person, you cannot give or receive messages accurately. For example, let's say you are still tied to a past wound of being betrayed by a friend and feeling hurts .Even if you meet someone new and he or she tells you, "Let's be good friends," you may not be able to accept it because you will hear a negative inner voice saying something like "I might be betrayed again" or "the person might have a hidden agenda."With this worry in your mind, you will not be able to make friends. If you can be refreshed and get rid of your worries, you should be able to sense others' thoughts and feelings without prejudice and build a relationship of trust. If you really can't let go of your painful past experience, then try to change your perspective on the experience. For example, try to think that it was a necessary lesson for you to understand others' pain. If you can think of the positive intention behind the event, then you will be able to view the experience favourably and feel better. The example in paragraph 2 is intended to show that（ ）
- A、the goal of good communication is to reach another person's heart
- B、the goal of good communication is to form a comfortable relationship
- C、good communication is based on the premise that you get rid of your worries and become a bright and positive person
- D、it does take time for someone to forget all about the painful past
正确答案:C -
第10题：
单选题Good Communication for Making Friends As a communication skills trainer, I've met a wide range of people. Some people have trouble associating with others and have difficulty making friends. So I would like to discuss two key points to making good friends. The first is to show respect and love for your friends through your words. Try to say things to others that would feel good to you if you heard them. For example, say things like, "Thanks for the great time" and "It was really nice to get to know you."If you are not good at speaking, then smiling and using body language to express your sincerity is also an effective way to communicate. Additionally, I recommend that when you meet someone new send them an e-mail or letter before the day is over to express how nice it was to meet them. The goal of good communication is to reach another person's heart and form a comfortable relationship. It is, therefore, based the premise that you get rid of your worries and become a bright and positive person. When there is static noise over the phone line, you can't hear the other person clearly, right? In the same way, when your mind is full of worries and you try to communicate with another person, you cannot give or receive messages accurately. For example, let's say you are still tied to a past wound of being betrayed by a friend and feeling hurts .Even if you meet someone new and he or she tells you, "Let's be good friends," you may not be able to accept it because you will hear a negative inner voice saying something like "I might be betrayed again" or "the person might have a hidden agenda."With this worry in your mind, you will not be able to make friends. If you can be refreshed and get rid of your worries, you should be able to sense others' thoughts and feelings without prejudice and build a relationship of trust. If you really can't let go of your painful past experience, then try to change your perspective on the experience. For example, try to think that it was a necessary lesson for you to understand others' pain. If you can think of the positive intention behind the event, then you will be able to view the experience favourably and feel better. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? （ ）ABody language is as effective as saying things that will make friends feel better.
BIf you distrust others, then it's difficult for you to make new friends.
CThe writer conducted a research on how people communicate with their friends.
DMinds full of worries will do great harm to interpersonal relationship
正确答案： A解析： 本题可采用排除法。第一段中，作者谈到了有关肢体语言能帮助我们有效交流的内容，因此选项A正确。第二段后半部分，作者举例讲了交友中如果不信任对方会出现什么情况，因此选项B正确。第二、三段作者重点讲了交友中焦虑带来的负面影响，并给出了克服它的方法；因此选项D也正确。答案为C。 -
第11题：
单选题Good Communication for Making Friends As a communication skills trainer, I've met a wide range of people. Some people have trouble associating with others and have difficulty making friends. So I would like to discuss two key points to making good friends. The first is to show respect and love for your friends through your words. Try to say things to others that would feel good to you if you heard them. For example, say things like, "Thanks for the great time" and "It was really nice to get to know you."If you are not good at speaking, then smiling and using body language to express your sincerity is also an effective way to communicate. Additionally, I recommend that when you meet someone new send them an e-mail or letter before the day is over to express how nice it was to meet them. The goal of good communication is to reach another person's heart and form a comfortable relationship. It is, therefore, based the premise that you get rid of your worries and become a bright and positive person. When there is static noise over the phone line, you can't hear the other person clearly, right? In the same way, when your mind is full of worries and you try to communicate with another person, you cannot give or receive messages accurately. For example, let's say you are still tied to a past wound of being betrayed by a friend and feeling hurts .Even if you meet someone new and he or she tells you, "Let's be good friends," you may not be able to accept it because you will hear a negative inner voice saying something like "I might be betrayed again" or "the person might have a hidden agenda."With this worry in your mind, you will not be able to make friends. If you can be refreshed and get rid of your worries, you should be able to sense others' thoughts and feelings without prejudice and build a relationship of trust. If you really can't let go of your painful past experience, then try to change your perspective on the experience. For example, try to think that it was a necessary lesson for you to understand others' pain. If you can think of the positive intention behind the event, then you will be able to view the experience favourably and feel better. In the sentence "the person might have a hidden agenda" (para.2) ,the word "agenda" means（）Arelationship
Bplan
Cworry
Dpast
正确答案： D解析： 这句话出现在作者所举的反面例子中。人们头脑中出现的焦虑情绪会怀疑对方有潜藏计划或某种秘密企图。agenda可理解为某种计划、企图。答案为B。 -
第12题：
单选题Good Communication for Making Friends As a communication skills trainer, I've met a wide range of people. Some people have trouble associating with others and have difficulty making friends. So I would like to discuss two key points to making good friends. The first is to show respect and love for your friends through your words. Try to say things to others that would feel good to you if you heard them. For example, say things like, "Thanks for the great time" and "It was really nice to get to know you."If you are not good at speaking, then smiling and using body language to express your sincerity is also an effective way to communicate. Additionally, I recommend that when you meet someone new send them an e-mail or letter before the day is over to express how nice it was to meet them. The goal of good communication is to reach another person's heart and form a comfortable relationship. It is, therefore, based the premise that you get rid of your worries and become a bright and positive person. When there is static noise over the phone line, you can't hear the other person clearly, right? In the same way, when your mind is full of worries and you try to communicate with another person, you cannot give or receive messages accurately. For example, let's say you are still tied to a past wound of being betrayed by a friend and feeling hurts .Even if you meet someone new and he or she tells you, "Let's be good friends," you may not be able to accept it because you will hear a negative inner voice saying something like "I might be betrayed again" or "the person might have a hidden agenda."With this worry in your mind, you will not be able to make friends. If you can be refreshed and get rid of your worries, you should be able to sense others' thoughts and feelings without prejudice and build a relationship of trust. If you really can't let go of your painful past experience, then try to change your perspective on the experience. For example, try to think that it was a necessary lesson for you to understand others' pain. If you can think of the positive intention behind the event, then you will be able to view the experience favourably and feel better. The example in paragraph 2 is intended to show that（ ）Athe goal of good communication is to reach another person's heart
Bthe goal of good communication is to form a comfortable relationship
Cgood communication is based on the premise that you get rid of your worries and become a bright and positive person
Dit does take time for someone to forget all about the painful past
正确答案： A解析： 作者所举例子是消极、焦虑的情绪在交友中无法获取正确的信息。用这个反面的例子是为了说明，我们应该克服焦虑情绪，变得快乐、积极。选项C符合上述内容。答案为C。 -
第13题：
根据下面资料，回答
"Hi there. How′ s it going?"
"Oh, fine. Fine. How about this weather, huh?"
"Well, I guess we can always use the rain."
What is that? This story? Oh, just a little look at small talk. You know, those seemingly meaningless conversations you have dozens of times a day. Maybe you′re waiting for the elevator, or in a line at the bank. It all seems pretty trivial. Idle chatter about traffic doesn′t do much more than fill the air with empty words that are quickly forgotten. But you should know that small talk actually has a big place in our lives.
Pat Oliver, assistant professor on arts, says that, "Left unchecked, small talk can be an invasion. It′ s so powerful. It does something to you." "Every morning after spending an hour and a half on the freeway I start the day with small talk with my secretary," Oliver says, "If I don′t make small connection with another person, I can′ t work."
What causes it? As a rule, you′re either trying to force something into your life, or you′re using conversation as an invisible force field to keep them out. You can be wanting to connect with another person, and small talk is your introduction to more meaning conversation. The way people use small talk is usually determined by where they happen to beat the time.
Take the elevator, for instance. Now there′ s prime territory. Nobody knows anyone and there′ s no reason to start a conversation, but invariably, someone does. "Making conversation in such peaceful social settings," according to Oliver, "can confirm your territory. It′s a way of feeling liked and accepted."
The topics of small talk don′t matter. In fact, you don′t want anything more taxing than the weather or the traffic. It′ s non-threatening talk in a threatening situation. However, the rules change quickly when you′re with lots of people doing lots of talking.
Let′ s say you′ re at a party. Now it′ s time to use small talk as a way of making others feel more comfortable around you, so don′ t look silly standing by the food table alone all night.
According to the author, at a big party, small talk is used with the purpose of_____________.A.making both others and yourself feel at ease
B.excluding those you don't like from joining you
C.keeping your voice low so only your friends can hear you
D.comforting those who feel lonely答案：A解析：细节题。由最后一段“Now it’s time to use small talk as away of making others feel more comfortable around you”可知，A项“使他人和自己都感到轻松”与此相符，故选A。 -
第14题：
根据下面资料，回答
"Hi there. How′ s it going?"
"Oh, fine. Fine. How about this weather, huh?"
"Well, I guess we can always use the rain."
What is that? This story? Oh, just a little look at small talk. You know, those seemingly meaningless conversations you have dozens of times a day. Maybe you′re waiting for the elevator, or in a line at the bank. It all seems pretty trivial. Idle chatter about traffic doesn′t do much more than fill the air with empty words that are quickly forgotten. But you should know that small talk actually has a big place in our lives.
Pat Oliver, assistant professor on arts, says that, "Left unchecked, small talk can be an invasion. It′ s so powerful. It does something to you." "Every morning after spending an hour and a half on the freeway I start the day with small talk with my secretary," Oliver says, "If I don′t make small connection with another person, I can′ t work."
What causes it? As a rule, you′re either trying to force something into your life, or you′re using conversation as an invisible force field to keep them out. You can be wanting to connect with another person, and small talk is your introduction to more meaning conversation. The way people use small talk is usually determined by where they happen to beat the time.
Take the elevator, for instance. Now there′ s prime territory. Nobody knows anyone and there′ s no reason to start a conversation, but invariably, someone does. "Making conversation in such peaceful social settings," according to Oliver, "can confirm your territory. It′s a way of feeling liked and accepted."
The topics of small talk don′t matter. In fact, you don′t want anything more taxing than the weather or the traffic. It′ s non-threatening talk in a threatening situation. However, the rules change quickly when you′re with lots of people doing lots of talking.
Let′ s say you′ re at a party. Now it′ s time to use small talk as a way of making others feel more comfortable around you, so don′ t look silly standing by the food table alone all night.
According to the author, topics of small talk may include comments on_____________.A.some political issues
B.one' s physical condition
C.other' s ways of dress
D.the traffic jam答案：D解析：推断题。由文章第八段“The topics of small talk don’t matter．In fact，you don’t want anything more taxing than the weather or the traffic．”可知，寒喧一般都是关于天气或者交通的轻松话题。故选D。 -
第15题：
根据下列内容，回答211-215题。
"Hi there. How's it going? "
"Oh, fine. Fine. How about this weather, huh? "
"Well, I guess we can alway use the rain."
What is that?This story?Oh, just a little look at small talk. You know, those seeminglymeaningless conversations you have dozens of times a day. Maybe you're waiting for the elevator,or in a line at the bank. It all seems pretty trivial. Idle chatter about traffic doesn't do much morethan fill the air with empty words that are quickly forgotten. But you should know that small talkactually has a big place in our lives.
Pat Oliver, assistant professor on arts, says that, "Left unchecked, small talk can be aninvasion. It's so powerful. It does something to you."" Every morning after spending an hour and ahalf on the freeway I start the day with small talk with my secretary, "Oliver says, "If I don't makesmall connection with another person, I can't work."
What causes it?As a rule, you're either trying to force something into your life, or you'reusing conversation as an invisible force field to keep them out. You can be wanting to connect withanother person, and small talk is your introduction to more meaning conversation. The way peopleuse small talk is usually determined by where they happen to be at the time.
Take the elevator, for instance. Now there's prime territory. Nobody knows anyone and there'sno reason to start a conversation, but invariably, someone does."Making conversation in suchpeaceful social settings," according to Oliver,"can confirm your territory. It's a way of feelingliked and accepted."
The topics of small talk don't matter. In fact, you don't want anything more taxing than theweather or the traffic. It's non-threatening talk in a threatening situation. However, the ruleschange quickly when you're with lots of people doing lots of talking.
Let's say you're at a party. Now it's time to use small talk as a way of making others feelmore comfortable around you, so don't look silly standing by the food table alone all night.
"Small talk", as interpreted by the author,__________.A.has no real function in communication at all
B.is usually meaningless and therefore useless
C.is not as idle as it may seem to be
D.is restricted to certain topics only答案：C解析：通读全篇，可知作者的意图在于说明琐谈看上去没什么意义，但是却在生活中起着很大的作用。例如将交谈双方弓l入一些更重要的谈话，或是打破冷场的局面。故C项正确。 -
第16题：
Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the Office Is it possible to like everyone in your office?Think about how tough it is to get together 15 people,much less 50,who all get along perfectly.But unlike in friendships,you need coworkers.You work with them every day and you depend on them just as they depend on you.Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side 41.____If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace,you may try stay tight-lipped around them.But you won't be helping either one of you.A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly,while those who hid lost trustworthiness.The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book,but rather,when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them,you should just be honest.42._____Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others.We often feel the need to tell others how we feel,whether it's a concern about a project,a stray thought,or a compliment.Those are all valid,but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers,too.In fact,rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don't value their opinions.Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine,back-and-forth conversation,rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.43._____It's common to have a“cubicle mate"or special confidant in a work setting.But in addition to those trusted coworkers,you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around you.Use your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don't always see.Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job.It requires minimal effort and goes a long way.This will help to gTow your internal network,in addition to being a nice break in the work day.44._____Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear.And you don't have to be someone's boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project.This will help engender good will in others.But don't overdo it or be fake about it.One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive,possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.45.______This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off,but it can go a long way to achieving results.Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction.Watch out for how they verbalize with others.Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters,while other are more straightforward.Jokes that work one person won't necessarily land with another,So,adapt your style accordingly to type.Consider the person that you re dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.44选？A.Give compliments,just not too many.
B.Put on a good face,always.
C.Tailor your interactions.
D.Spend time with everyone.
E.Reveal,don't hide,information.
F.Slow down and listen.
G.Put yourselves in others'shoes.答案：A解析：解析：根据段落转折句，“但是不要过度去做或者做假。应该做的内容就在下句，“一个研究发现，人们对于从负面到正面的评价反应最好，也许因为这个评价表明他们有比其他人做得好。因此这就是要称赞，但是不能太多。 -
第17题：
共用题干
第三篇
Look After Your Voice
Often speakers at a meeting experience dry mouths and ask for a glass of water. You can solve the problem
by activating the saliva in you mouth.First gently bite the edges of your tongue with your teeth.Or press
your entire tongue to the bottom of your mouth and hold it there until the saliva flow.Or you can imagine that
you are slicing a big juicy lemon and sucking the juice.
Before you begin your talk,be kind to your voice.Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat.
Keep your throat wet by drinking a little sweetened warm tea or diluted fruit juice.
If you sense that your are losing your voice,stop talking completely.Save your voice for your speech.
You may feel foolish using paper to write notes,but the best thing you can do is to rest your voice.If you
need to see a doctor,perhaps you can get some advice from a professional singer. In the meantime,do not
even talk in a low voice.
What about drinking alcohol to wet your throat?I advice you not to touch alcohol before speaking. The
problem with alcohol is that one drink gives you a little confidence.The second drink gives you even more
confidence.Finally you will feel all-powerful and you will feel you can do everything,but in fact your brain
and your mouth do not work together properly.Save the alcohol until after you finish speaking.
Perhaps you want to accept the advice,but you may wonder if you can ever change the habits of a life-
time.Of course you can.Goethe,who lived before indoor skating rinks or swimming pools,said,"We learn
to skate in the summer and swim in the winter."Take this message to heart and give yourself time to develop
your new habits.If you are willing to change,you will soon be able to say that you will never forget these
techniques because they became a part of your body.What is the writer's advice about alcohol before you give a speech?
A:Drink a little of it to feel all-powerful.
B:Don't drink it.
C:Dilute it with water.
D: Drink it two hours before you make a speech.答案：B解析：在文章第一段中，作者提到三种解决讲话时口干的方法，分别对应A、B、C选项。故 选D。
由文章第三段第三句“...but the best thing you can do is to rest your voice.”可知，答案 为A。
由文章第四段可知，作者忠告演说者在演说之前千万不要饮酒。故选B。
文章最后一段中歌德的原话是“We learn to skate in the summer and swim in the winter",A项与歌德的说法最接近。
作者在最后一段引用歌德的话想证明，一个人在一生中养成的习惯如果想改还是可以 改的。故选C。第5部分：补全短文 -
第18题：
共用题干
Knowing Your Real Personality from Sleeping Positions
Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real.You don't show your secret personality when you're awake because you can control yourself,but when you're asleep,your sleeping position shows the real you.In a normal night,of course,you often change your sleeping positions.The important position that best shows your se-cret personality is the one that you go to sleep.
If you go to sleep on your back,you're a very open person.You nbrmally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas.You don't like to make people unhappy,so you never ex-press your real feelings.You're quite shy and you aren't very confident.
If you sleep on your stomach,you are a person who likes to keep secrets.You worry a lot and you're always easily becoming sad.You never want to change your ideas,but you are satisfied with your life the way it is.You usually live for today not for tomorrow.
If you sleep on curled up,you are probably a very nervous person.You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt,so you are very defensive.You're shy and you don't usually like meeting people.You like to be on your own.
If you sleep on your side,you have usually got a well-balanced personality.You know your strengths and weaknesses.You're usually careful.You have a confident personality.You sometimes feel worried,but you don't often get unhappy .You always say what you think,even if it makes people angry.Tina hardly tells her secrets to her friends.She probably goes to sleep______.
A: on curled up
B: on her stomach
C: on her back
D: on her side答案：B解析：整篇文章介绍的是人物的性格特征，外在的和内在的，说明和科学有关。
跟据文章第一段中“The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep.”可知应该是开始睡的时候。
由文章第三段中的“If you sleep on your stomach, you are a person who likes to keep secrets.”可知。
从文章第四段中“You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt,”可知，保护自己不受到伤害，那么defensive意为“有戒心的”。
由文章中的第二段到第五段可知。 -
第19题：
Good Communication for Making Friends As a communication skills trainer, I've met a wide range of people. Some people have trouble associating with others and have difficulty making friends. So I would like to discuss two key points to making good friends. The first is to show respect and love for your friends through your words. Try to say things to others that would feel good to you if you heard them. For example, say things like, "Thanks for the great time" and "It was really nice to get to know you."If you are not good at speaking, then smiling and using body language to express your sincerity is also an effective way to communicate. Additionally, I recommend that when you meet someone new send them an e-mail or letter before the day is over to express how nice it was to meet them. The goal of good communication is to reach another person's heart and form a comfortable relationship. It is, therefore, based the premise that you get rid of your worries and become a bright and positive person. When there is static noise over the phone line, you can't hear the other person clearly, right? In the same way, when your mind is full of worries and you try to communicate with another person, you cannot give or receive messages accurately. For example, let's say you are still tied to a past wound of being betrayed by a friend and feeling hurts .Even if you meet someone new and he or she tells you, "Let's be good friends," you may not be able to accept it because you will hear a negative inner voice saying something like "I might be betrayed again" or "the person might have a hidden agenda."With this worry in your mind, you will not be able to make friends. If you can be refreshed and get rid of your worries, you should be able to sense others' thoughts and feelings without prejudice and build a relationship of trust. If you really can't let go of your painful past experience, then try to change your perspective on the experience. For example, try to think that it was a necessary lesson for you to understand others' pain. If you can think of the positive intention behind the event, then you will be able to view the experience favourably and feel better. The effective way to communicate includes（ ）
- A、showing respect and love for friends with words
- B、smiling and using body language
- C、sending an e-mail or letter
- D、All of the above
正确答案:D -
第20题：
Good Communication for Making Friends As a communication skills trainer, I've met a wide range of people. Some people have trouble associating with others and have difficulty making friends. So I would like to discuss two key points to making good friends. The first is to show respect and love for your friends through your words. Try to say things to others that would feel good to you if you heard them. For example, say things like, "Thanks for the great time" and "It was really nice to get to know you."If you are not good at speaking, then smiling and using body language to express your sincerity is also an effective way to communicate. Additionally, I recommend that when you meet someone new send them an e-mail or letter before the day is over to express how nice it was to meet them. The goal of good communication is to reach another person's heart and form a comfortable relationship. It is, therefore, based the premise that you get rid of your worries and become a bright and positive person. When there is static noise over the phone line, you can't hear the other person clearly, right? In the same way, when your mind is full of worries and you try to communicate with another person, you cannot give or receive messages accurately. For example, let's say you are still tied to a past wound of being betrayed by a friend and feeling hurts .Even if you meet someone new and he or she tells you, "Let's be good friends," you may not be able to accept it because you will hear a negative inner voice saying something like "I might be betrayed again" or "the person might have a hidden agenda."With this worry in your mind, you will not be able to make friends. If you can be refreshed and get rid of your worries, you should be able to sense others' thoughts and feelings without prejudice and build a relationship of trust. If you really can't let go of your painful past experience, then try to change your perspective on the experience. For example, try to think that it was a necessary lesson for you to understand others' pain. If you can think of the positive intention behind the event, then you will be able to view the experience favourably and feel better. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? （ ）
- A、Body language is as effective as saying things that will make friends feel better.
- B、If you distrust others, then it's difficult for you to make new friends.
- C、The writer conducted a research on how people communicate with their friends.
- D、Minds full of worries will do great harm to interpersonal relationship
正确答案:C -
第21题：
Good Communication for Making Friends As a communication skills trainer, I've met a wide range of people. Some people have trouble associating with others and have difficulty making friends. So I would like to discuss two key points to making good friends. The first is to show respect and love for your friends through your words. Try to say things to others that would feel good to you if you heard them. For example, say things like, "Thanks for the great time" and "It was really nice to get to know you."If you are not good at speaking, then smiling and using body language to express your sincerity is also an effective way to communicate. Additionally, I recommend that when you meet someone new send them an e-mail or letter before the day is over to express how nice it was to meet them. The goal of good communication is to reach another person's heart and form a comfortable relationship. It is, therefore, based the premise that you get rid of your worries and become a bright and positive person. When there is static noise over the phone line, you can't hear the other person clearly, right? In the same way, when your mind is full of worries and you try to communicate with another person, you cannot give or receive messages accurately. For example, let's say you are still tied to a past wound of being betrayed by a friend and feeling hurts .Even if you meet someone new and he or she tells you, "Let's be good friends," you may not be able to accept it because you will hear a negative inner voice saying something like "I might be betrayed again" or "the person might have a hidden agenda."With this worry in your mind, you will not be able to make friends. If you can be refreshed and get rid of your worries, you should be able to sense others' thoughts and feelings without prejudice and build a relationship of trust. If you really can't let go of your painful past experience, then try to change your perspective on the experience. For example, try to think that it was a necessary lesson for you to understand others' pain. If you can think of the positive intention behind the event, then you will be able to view the experience favourably and feel better. The main topic of the passage is（）
- A、how to communicate with others
- B、how to refresh yourself
- C、how to forget the past unhappiness
- D、how to show respect and love for your friends
正确答案:A -
第22题：
单选题Good Communication for Making Friends As a communication skills trainer, I've met a wide range of people. Some people have trouble associating with others and have difficulty making friends. So I would like to discuss two key points to making good friends. The first is to show respect and love for your friends through your words. Try to say things to others that would feel good to you if you heard them. For example, say things like, "Thanks for the great time" and "It was really nice to get to know you."If you are not good at speaking, then smiling and using body language to express your sincerity is also an effective way to communicate. Additionally, I recommend that when you meet someone new send them an e-mail or letter before the day is over to express how nice it was to meet them. The goal of good communication is to reach another person's heart and form a comfortable relationship. It is, therefore, based the premise that you get rid of your worries and become a bright and positive person. When there is static noise over the phone line, you can't hear the other person clearly, right? In the same way, when your mind is full of worries and you try to communicate with another person, you cannot give or receive messages accurately. For example, let's say you are still tied to a past wound of being betrayed by a friend and feeling hurts .Even if you meet someone new and he or she tells you, "Let's be good friends," you may not be able to accept it because you will hear a negative inner voice saying something like "I might be betrayed again" or "the person might have a hidden agenda."With this worry in your mind, you will not be able to make friends. If you can be refreshed and get rid of your worries, you should be able to sense others' thoughts and feelings without prejudice and build a relationship of trust. If you really can't let go of your painful past experience, then try to change your perspective on the experience. For example, try to think that it was a necessary lesson for you to understand others' pain. If you can think of the positive intention behind the event, then you will be able to view the experience favourably and feel better. The effective way to communicate includes（ ）Ashowing respect and love for friends with words
Bsmiling and using body language
Csending an e-mail or letter
DAll of the above
正确答案： A解析： 作者在第一段中提到了三点有效沟通的方式，其中前两点最为重要，即选项A和B的内容，另外还提到了一个建议即选项C的内容。因此三个选项的内容都包括了。答案为D。 -
第23题：
单选题Good Communication for Making Friends As a communication skills trainer, I've met a wide range of people. Some people have trouble associating with others and have difficulty making friends. So I would like to discuss two key points to making good friends. The first is to show respect and love for your friends through your words. Try to say things to others that would feel good to you if you heard them. For example, say things like, "Thanks for the great time" and "It was really nice to get to know you."If you are not good at speaking, then smiling and using body language to express your sincerity is also an effective way to communicate. Additionally, I recommend that when you meet someone new send them an e-mail or letter before the day is over to express how nice it was to meet them. The goal of good communication is to reach another person's heart and form a comfortable relationship. It is, therefore, based the premise that you get rid of your worries and become a bright and positive person. When there is static noise over the phone line, you can't hear the other person clearly, right? In the same way, when your mind is full of worries and you try to communicate with another person, you cannot give or receive messages accurately. For example, let's say you are still tied to a past wound of being betrayed by a friend and feeling hurts .Even if you meet someone new and he or she tells you, "Let's be good friends," you may not be able to accept it because you will hear a negative inner voice saying something like "I might be betrayed again" or "the person might have a hidden agenda."With this worry in your mind, you will not be able to make friends. If you can be refreshed and get rid of your worries, you should be able to sense others' thoughts and feelings without prejudice and build a relationship of trust. If you really can't let go of your painful past experience, then try to change your perspective on the experience. For example, try to think that it was a necessary lesson for you to understand others' pain. If you can think of the positive intention behind the event, then you will be able to view the experience favourably and feel better. The main topic of the passage is（）Ahow to communicate with others
Bhow to refresh yourself
Chow to forget the past unhappiness
Dhow to show respect and love for your friends
正确答案： A解析： 本文作者主要谈论了怎样通过交流来结交朋友。因此选项A符合题意。其他三个选项是作者在文中提到的，我们进行交流时应该注意的几个具体方法。答案为A。