填空题Many paper producers will preserve lignin during manufacture, because leaving the lignin will make more paper from a tree.____

lignin (木质素)

Passage 2　 What is paper made (Example:  0 )? When we  1 books or newspapers, we seldom stop and think about the things  2 to make them.  3 paper our lives would be very different.　 Paper is one of  4 important inventions（发明） of all time. The people in Egypt（埃及） first used a kind of grass-like plant to  5 paper around five  6 years ago. 3000 years later, a Chinese man created a new  7 of paper using pieces of old cloth. Then for several hundred years, people  8 the world had been using this Chinese method to make paper. In 1838, a Canadian man invented a  9 method of paper-making using wood. Today, most of the paper we use is made from  10 .例：0. A. from　　　　　　　　 B. in　　　　　　　　C. of【答案】A1. A. look at　　　　　　　B. read　　　　　　　C. watch2. A. be used　　　　　　　B. used　　　　　　　C. using3. A. For　　　　　　　　　B. With　　　　　　　C. Without4. A. the most　　　　　　 B. the better　　　　C. the worst5. A. write　　　　　　　　B. do　　　　　　　　C. make6. A. thousands of　　　　 B. thousand　　　　　C. thousands7. A. type　　　　　　　　 B. thing　　　　　　 C. one8. A. all over　　　　　　 B. over　　　　　　　C. from9. A. new　　　　　　　　　B. old　　　　　　　 C. bad10. A. cloth　　　　　　　 B. grass　　　　　　 C. wood

请阅读 Passage 2，完成第 26~30小题 。Passage 2Paper money is used every day but people do not often think of money as just paper.This is because people agree that it has value，and paper money is supported by the government.People have used paper money for only a few hundred years，but what did people do before printed money was invented? In Medieval England，a stick was the official representation of money. The common system that was used involved counting debt on a piece of wood called a tally stick. The tally stick was marked with a knife.Each mark，or tally，indicated an amount of money.The tally stick acted as a contract.No one really knows who invented the tally stick，but King Henry I of England is credited as the first to use the stick in a widespread fashion.In England，the tally stick was used from 1100-1826.Marks were made on a tally stick to represent the amount of service or goods that were exchanged.The tally stick was cut in halflengthwise into two parts，and one stick was longer than the other.The person giving services or goods received the longer end of the stick，called the stock，and the person paying for the service or goods received the shorter end.Once the stick was cut，it could not be altered.When put together，the two halves fit perfectly together.Medieval England was not the only country to use the tally stick system.In 1960，Belgian scientist Jean de Heinzelin de Braucourt discovered an extremely old tally stick made of baboon bone in Africa.At first，he determined the stick to be between about 8，000 to 10，000 years old.This surprised many people because it proved that the tally stick system had been in use for much longer than everyone had previously thought.Further research has shown that this stick is actually much older: now，scientists believe it is 20，000 years old.The tally stick system may no longer be in use today，but its influence is still apparent.People still make contracts and people still borrow and lend money.People still trust that things-whether they are sticks，paper，or coins-have value.The next time paper money is used，just remember: it is only paper!Which of the following statements is true?

In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summary below by choosing a maximum of three words from the passage to fill in the spaces 76-80. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.(10 points)　　Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage.　　Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees. Unlike the minerals and oil used to make plastics and metals, trees are replaceable. Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded. While 45 out of every 100 tonnes of wood fibre used to make paper in Australia comes from waste paper, the rest comes directly from virgin fibre from forests and plantations. By world standards this is a good performance since the worldwide average is 33 per cent waste paper. Governments have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes and, at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre. As a result, industry’s use of recycled fibres is expected to increase at twice the rate of virgin fibre over the coming years.　　Already, waste paper constitutes 70% of paper used for packaging, and advances in the technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled content in newsprint and writing paper. To achieve the benefits of recycling, the community must also contribute. We need to accept a change in the quality of paper products; for example stationery may be less white and of a rougher texture. There also needs to be support from the community for waste paper collection programs. Not only do we need to make the paper available to collectors but it also needs to be separated into different types and sorted from contaminants such as staples, paperclips, string and other miscellaneous items.　　There are technical limitations to the amount of paper which can be recycled and some paper products cannot be collected for re-use. These include paper in the form of books and permanent records, photographic paper and paper which is badly contaminated. The four most common sources of paper for recycling are factories and retail stores which gather large amounts of packaging material in which goods are delivered, also offices which have unwanted business documents and computer output, paper converters and printers and lastly households which discard newspapers and packaging material. The paper manufacturer pays a price for the paper and may also incur the collection cost.　　Once collected, the paper has to be sorted by hand by people trained to recognize various types of paper. This is necessary because some types of paper can only be made from particular kinds of recycled fibre. The sorted paper then has to be repulped or mixed with water and broken down into its individual fibres. This mixture is called stock and may contain a wide variety of contaminating materials, particularly if it is made from mixed waste paper which has had little sorting. Various machinery is used to remove other materials from the stock. After passing through the repulping process, the fibres from printed waste paper are grey in colour because the printing ink has soaked into the individual fibres. This recycled material can only be used in products where the grey colour does not matter, such as cardboard boxes but if the grey colour is not acceptable, the fibres must be de-inked. This involves adding chemicals such as caustic soda or other alkalis, soaps and detergents, water-hardening agents such as calcium chloride, frothing agents and bleaching agents. Before the recycled fibres can be made into paper they must be refined or treated in such a way that they bond together.　　Most paper products must contain some virgin fibre as well as recycled fibres and unlike glass, paper cannot be recycled indefinitely. Most paper is down-cycled which means that a product made from recycled paper is of an inferior quality to the original paper. Recycling paper is beneficial in that it saves some of the energy, labour and capital that goes into producing virgin pulp. However, recycling requires the use of fossil fuel, a nonrenewable energy source, to collect the waste paper from the community and to process it to produce new paper. And the recycling process still creates emissions which require treatment before they can be disposed of safely. Nevertheless, paper recycling is an important economical and environmental practice but one which must be carried out in a rational and viable manner for it to be useful to both industry and the community.　　Summary:　　From the point of view of recycling, paper has two advantages over minerals and oil in that firstly it comes from a resource which is 　1　and secondly it is less threatening to our environment when we throw it away because it is 　2　Although Australia’s record in the re-use of waste paper is good, it is still necessary to use a combination of recycled fibre and 　3　to make new paper. The paper industry has contributed positively and people have also been encouraged by the government to collect their waste on a regular basis. One major difficulty is the removal of 　4　from used paper but advances are being made in this area. However, we need to learn to accept paper which is generally of a lower quality than before and to sort our waste paper by removing 　5　before discarding it for collection.

In order to make white paper and card, the makers will add bleach.____

Lignin is essential for the tree but it will make paper easy to break.____

Although free of lignin, paper made from cotton and rag waste can also cost more money than wood pulp paper because there is much less cotton and rag than trees.____

If the lignin is removed from the paper, the paper will be more expensive.____

What did Ms. Woo do in 2014?

Many of the things we do depend (1)____receiving information from other people. (2) Ca____ a train, making a phone call and going to the cinema all involve information which is stored, (3) pro____ and communicated. In the past this information used to be kept on paper in the (4) f____ of for example, books, newspapers and timetables. Now more and more information is put on computers.　Computers play an important (5)____in our everyday lives, sometimes without us even (6)____(realize) it. Consider the use of computers in both shops and offices. Big shops, (7) es___ chain stores with branches all over the country, have to deal with very large amounts of information. They have to make sure there are enough goods on the shelves for customers to buy. They need to be able to re-order before stocks run (8)____, and to decide which things are selling well and so on. All these processes get performed quickly and (9)____ effi____ by computers.　A lot of office word in the past involved information on paper. Once it had been dealt with by people, the paper was put away for future reference. This way of doing things was not (10)____(particular) easy or fast. A computerized system is much more efficient.

What we can learn from “Paper from Rag” is that you had better buy archival materials from specialist suppliers.____

Practice 3　　阅读下面的对话，根据其内容写一篇有关paper用途的说明文。　　要求：　　1. 所写短文应与对话相关内容意义相符，涵盖其要点；　　2. 用你自己的语言表达，可改写对话中的句子，但不可照抄原句。　　注意：　　1. 词数80词左右，开头已为你写好；　　2. 请将短文直接写在答题卡上。　　Marry: Last time we talked about the history of paper. But do you know what paper is used for?　　Peter: Oh, that’s an easy question. Paper is used for newspapers, books, writing paper, envelopes, wrapping paper, paper bags...　　Peter: Yes, actually only half of the paper that is made is used for such purposes. Have you got an idea about other uses of paper?　　Marry: No, I’m afraid not.　　Peter: There are many other uses. Paper is very good for keeping you warm. Houses are often insulated（使绝缘；使隔热） with paper. You have perhaps seen homeless people asleep on a large number of newspapers.　　Marry: Yes, I have. So they are insulating themselves against cold.　　Peter: You are right. In Finland, it is very cold in winter. It is sometimes 40 degrees Centigrade below zero. The farmers wear paper boots in the snow. Nothing could be warmer.　　Marry: Oh, that’s unbelievable.　　Peter: Now more and more things are made of paper. We have had paper plates, cups and dishes for a long time. But now we hear that chairs, tables, and even beds can be made of paper.　　Marry: Fascinating!　　Peter: People have made paper boats, but they have not yet made paper planes or cars. Just wait, they probably will.　　Marry: Well, you have become an expert on paper. How do you know all that?　　Peter: You know. I’m preparing for a presentation, so I’ve looked up a lot of material.　　Marry: Well, I’m sure your presentation will go really well.　　Peter: Thank you.　　More and more things are made of paper.

By regulation，orange smoke distress signals will expire not more than how many months from the date of manufacture?（）

A shipping department is reporting that a laser printer in the receiving area is becoming jammed because the printer attempts to pull several sheets of paper for each print.Which of the following may be the cause？（）

According to Ryan Dapremont, _____.

请阅读 Passage 2，完成第 26~30小题 。Passage 2Paper money is used every day but people do not often think of money as just paper.This is because people agree that it has value，and paper money is supported by the government.People have used paper money for only a few hundred years，but what did people do before printed money was invented? In Medieval England，a stick was the official representation of money. The common system that was used involved counting debt on a piece of wood called a "tally stick". The tally stick was marked with a knife.Each mark，or tally，indicated an amount of money.The tally stick acted as a contract.No one really knows who invented the tally stick，but King Henry I of England is credited as the first to use the stick in a widespread fashion.In England，the tally stick was used from 1100-1826.Marks were made on a tally stick to represent the amount of service or goods that were exchanged.The tally stick was cut in halflengthwise into two parts，and one stick was longer than the other.The person giving services or goods received the longer end of the stick，called the "stock"，and the person paying for the service or goods received the shorter end.Once the stick was cut，it could not be altered.When put together，the two halves fit perfectly together.Medieval England was not the only country to use the tally stick system.In 1960，Belgian scientist Jean de Heinzelin de Braucourt discovered an extremely old tally stick made of baboon bone in Africa.At first，he determined the stick to be between about 8，000 to 10，000 years old.This surprised many people because it proved that the tally stick system had been in use for much longer than everyone had previously thought.Further research has shown that this stick is actually much older: now，scientists believe it is 20，000 years old.The tally stick system may no longer be in use today，but its influence is still apparent.People still make contracts and people still borrow and lend money.People still trust that "things"-whether they are sticks，paper，or coins-have value.The next time paper money is used，just remember: it is only paper!Why were many people surprised about tihe tally stick in Africa?