单选题The moral decline of American society is caused mainly by ______.A its growing wealthB the self-centeredness of individualsC underestimating the impact of social changesD the prejudice against women and minorities

请阅读短文，完成此题。
It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the livesof the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have beenintroduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry takethem out of the. household, their traditional sphere and fundamentally alter their position in society.In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician,warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Fredrich Engels, however,predicted that women would be liberated from the"social, legal, and economic subordination" ofthe family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole femalesex .., into public industry." Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability ofmechanization's effects, but thev agreed that it would trmsiorm women's lives.
Historians, particularly thnse investigating the history of women, now seriously question thisassumption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations asthe spinning jenny, the sewing tnachine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resultedin equally dramatic social changes in women's economic position or in the prevailing evaluation ofwomen's work. The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolutionwas largely and extension of an older pattern of employment for young, single women as domestics.It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previouslyseen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880'screated a new class of "dead end" jobs, thenceforth considered "women's work". The increase inthe numbers of married women enployed outside the home in the twentieth century, had less to dowith the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it didwith their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool ofsingle women worke, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.
Women's work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household tothe ofiice or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupatious by gender, lower pay for women as a group,jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while women's household labour remains demanding. Recent historical investigation has led to a major revision of the notion that lec.hnology is always inherently revolutionary in its effectson society. Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of womeu both in the labour market and in the home.

What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
查看材料

A．The mechanization of work has a revolutionary eftct.
B．The social mechanization would "aftct women's lives.
C．The social status of women has changed.
D．Observers have different ideas about the effect of social mechanizatiou.

Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to protnote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.
In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
The passage is mainly discussing__________.

A.certain factors that determine the ease with which social changes occur
B.certain factors that promote social change
C.the necessity of social change
D.two different societies

Sen. Aden Specter is quoted in Paragraph 8 to （　　）.

A.reflect the reaction of the ordinary people to the bill
B.illustrate people' s approval of passing the measure
C.demonstrate the troubles caused by agreeing to union contracts
D.show the devastating impact of auto industry on society

共用题干
New Changes in American Life
Once it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the division of labor. Men
worked outside the home and earned the income to support their families,while women cooked the
meals and took care of the home and the children._______(46)But by the middle of this century,men's and women's roles were becoming less firmly fixed.
In the 1950s,economic and social success was the goal of the typical American. But in the
1960 s a new force developed called the counterculture._______(47)The counterculture presented men and women with new role choices. Taking more interest in childcare,men began to share
child-raising tasks with their wives. In fact,some young men and women moved to communal
homes or farms where the economic and childcare responsibilities were shared equally by both sexes._______(48)Some young men refused to be drafted as soldiers to fight in the war in Viet-nam。
In terms of numbers,the counterculture was not a very large group of people._______(49)
Working men of all classes began to change their economic and social patterns.Industrial workers and business executives alike cut down on“overtime”work so that they could spend more leisure time with their families .Some doctors,lawyers,and teachers turned away from high paying situations to practice their professions in poorer neighborhoods.
In the 1970s,the feminist movement,or women's liberation,produced additional economic and social changes.Women of all ages and at all levels of society were entering the work force in greater numbers._______(50)But some women began to enter traditionally male occupations: police work,banking,dentistry,and construction work.Women were asking for equal work,and equal opportunities for promotion.
Today the experts generally agree that important changes are taking place in the roles of men and women .Naturally,there are difficulties in adjusting to these transformations.

_______(49)
A: In addition,many Americans did not value the traditional male role of soldier.
B:Most of them still took traditional women's jobs as public school teaching,nursing,and secretarial work.
C: These roles were firmly fixed for most people,and there was not much opportunity for women to exchange their roles.
D: But its influence spread to many parts of American society.
E: The people involved in this movement did not value the middle-class American goals.
F: A great many jobs that used to belong to men are now taken by women.

Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to protnote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.
In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A.Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society.
B.Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow down social change.
C.Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society.
D.Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young.

Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways． The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society． There are more ideas,more disagreements in interest,and more groups and organizations with different beliefs． In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies． All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision． In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seetns to be the same． And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed．
Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic mad less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites ; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements．
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual． For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference． This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts．
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society．

A. Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society．
B. Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow down social change．
C. Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society．
D. Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young．

共用题干
New Changes in American Life
Once it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the division of labor. Men worked outside the home and earned the income to support their families,while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children.______(46)But by the middle of this centu- ry,men's and women's roles were becoming less firmly fixed.
In the 1950s,economic and social success was the goal of the typical American.But in the l960s a new force developed called the counterculture.______(47)The counterculture presen- ted men and women with new role choices.Taking more interest in childcare,men began to share child-raising tasks with their wives.In fact,some young men and women moved to communal homes or farms where the economic and childcare responsibilities were shared equally by both se- xes.______(48)Some young men refused to be drafted as soldiers to fight in the war in Viet-nam。
In terms of numbers,the counterculture was not a very large group of people.______(49) Working men of all classes began to change their economic and social patterns.Industrial workers and business executives alike cut down on“overtime”work so that they could spend more leisure time with their families.Some doctors,lawyers,and teachers turned away from high paying situa-tions to practice their professions in poorer neighborhoods.
In the 1970s,the feminist movement,or women's liberation,produced additional economic and social changes.Women of all ages and at all levels of society were entering the work force in greater numbers.______(50)But some women began to enter traditionally male occupations: police work,banking,dentistry,and construction work.Women were asking for equal work,and equal opportunities for promotion.
Today the experts generally agree that important changes are taking place in the roles of men and women.Naturally,there are difficulties in adjusting to these transformations.

______(46)
A: In addition,many Americans did not value the traditional male role of soldier.
B: Most of them still took traditional women's jobs as public school teaching,nursing,and secretarial work.
C: These roles were firmly fixed for most people,and there was not much opportunity for women to exchange their roles.
D: But its influence spread to many parts of American society.
E: The people involved in this movement did not value the middle-class American goals.
F: A great many jobs that used to belong to men are now taken by women.

To air these predicaments is notanti-medical spleen--a churlish ___________ against medicine for its victories,but simply to face the growing reality of medical power not exactly without responsibilitybut with dissolving goal.

A.reprisal
B.revenge
C.retribution
D.rapprochements