单选题A company’s efforts to keep expenses low and profits high may result in _____.A reduction in the number of employeesB improvement of working conditionsC fewer disputes between labor and managementD a rise in workers’ wages

Rising wages -- together with currency fluctuations and high fuel costs -- are eating away the once-formidable"China price" advantage, prompting thousands of factory owners to flee the Pearl River Delta. Much has been written about the more than doubling of wages at the Shenzhen factory of Foxconn, the world's largest electronics contract manufacturer, which produces Apple iPhones and iPads and employs 920,000 people in China alone."One can talk about a world pre- and post- Foxconn," says Victor Fung, chairman of Li & Fung, the world's biggest sourcing company and a supplier of Wal-Mart. "Foxconn is as important as that."
Foxconn's wage increases are only the most dramatic. Our analysis suggests that, since February, minimum wages have climbed more than 20 percent in 20 Chinese regions and up to 30 percent in some, including Sichuan. At a Guangdong Province factory supplying Honda, wages have risen an astonishing 47 percent. All this is bad news for companies operating in the world's manufacturing hub, and chief executives should assume that double-digit annual rises -- if not on the scale witnessed this year -- are here to stay.
Looked at another way, however, wage inflation provides companies with a once-in-a-generation opportunity to rethink radically the way they approach global production -- and they should do so sooner rather than later.
Why the urgency? After all, wage hikes in China are nothing new. Since 1990, they have risen by an average of 13 percent a year in U.S. dollar terms and 19 percent annually in the past five years.
There are two big reasons the situation is different now. The first has to do with productivity.
Over the past 20 years, productivity increases have broadly matched wage increase, negating their impact. The pay rises came from a very low base, so while average wages grew 19 percent a year from 2005 to 2010, this amounted to only ￥260 a month per employee, a sum that could be offset by more efficient production or switching to cheaper sources of parts and materials.
If labor costs continue, however, to increase at 19 percent a year for another five years,monthly wages would grew ￥623 per month, according to BCG estimates. Such an increase would ripple through the economy in the form of higher prices for components, business services, cargo-handling and office staff.
The second reason relates to societal change. Until now, if has been easy to lure a seemingly unlimited number of young, low-wage workers to the richer coastal regions and house them cheaply in dormitories until they saved enough to return home to their families in the interior provinces. In the future, though, young workers will be harder to recruit. This is partly because there will be fewer of them: Largely because of the country's one-child policy, the number of Chinese aged 15 to 29 will start declining in 2011. Moreover, with living standards rising across China, fewer of today's rural youth will want to go to coastal regions to toil for 60 hours a week on an assembly line and live in a cramped dormitory.
So what can CEOs do in this fast-changing environment? An instinctive reaction is to search for cheaper labor elsewhere. But this is short-sighted and would provide -- at best -- a short-term fix. Another option is to stay in China and try to squeeze out greater productivity gains.
Which of the following would be the best title for text? （　）

A.Rising Cost, A Pain in the Neck
B.The Irreversible Wage inflation
C.To Rethink Global Production Plans
D.As Wages Rise, Time to Leave China

资料：Human resource professionals act as mediators between an organization's management and its workers. This requires wearing many hats It's an HR administrator's job to make sure that employees are working in a safe environment that disputes are settled， and that benefits are understood and administered properly. At the same time， HR is charged with recruiting new employees who will not only fit in personally and professionally but also help the company achieve its business goals. They also represent management when negotiating for benefits with companies administering these benefits and when implementing companywide policies that will ultimately lower costs or boost profits. The needs of HR cover a wide range of tasks and，therefore， require individuals who are good with people in addition to being organized， analytical， business-minded， and heroic multitaskers.
All companies need some kind of HR support The Bureau of Labor Statistics（BLS） expects jobs in HR to grow faster than average for all occupations through 2012. Opportunities will increase as a result of a growing economy as well as a need to replace workers transferring to other occupations or retiring. BLS expects particularly strong demand for training and development and employment， recruitment， and placement specialists， with management， consulting， and employment services firms offering the greatest number of opportunities， thanks to a trend toward outsourcing personnel functions.
You can get the inside edge for a career in HR by strengthening your understanding of business strategy and planning and by specializing in a specific industry. A great way to get started in the field is with practice， look for an internship or an HR assistant job if you're in school or just out. Many HR professionals work their way up. As you develop an understanding of the various career tracks and master the basic skills within the function， you'll be in a great position to rise up the ladder.

According to the passage， HR is required to carry out all the following jobs EXCEPT?

A.Ensure a sound working environment for employees.
B.Represent management in negotiation and policy implementation
C.Help achieve business goals and profit boost
D.Hire promising new employees for the sake of the company.

资料：“Our cars are for people who want something different.”
This has been the slogan for over 50 years of Suprema Cars, a manufacturer of an English sports car. The car is mostly handmade in the company's factory in northern England. Suprema Car produces approximately 500 cars a year. About 5 years ago, the company began to lose sales and market share, and in the last two years, it has made a loss.
Recently, there have been problems with the labor force. The factory workers have demand higher wages and better working conditions. They are also unhappy because the management is insisting that they increase production, but the workers think this will have a bad effect on the quality of the cars.
The company still has many loyal customers. People buy Suprema sports cars because they are handmade and have an image of quality and craftsmanship.

Which of the following is NOT a problem that Suprema Cars is facing?

A.Customers’ distrust of products.
B.A financial loss.
C.Unhappy workers.
D.Loss on sales and market share.

资料：Human resource professionals act as mediators between an organization's management and its workers. This requires wearing many hats It's an HR administrator's job to make sure that employees are working in a safe environment that disputes are settled， and that benefits are understood and administered properly. At the same time， HR is charged with recruiting new employees who will not only fit in personally and professionally but also help the company achieve its business goals. They also represent management when negotiating for benefits with companies administering these benefits and when implementing companywide policies that will ultimately lower costs or boost profits. The needs of HR cover a wide range of tasks and，therefore， require individuals who are good with people in addition to being organized， analytical， business-minded， and heroic multitaskers.
All companies need some kind of HR support The Bureau of Labor Statistics（BLS） expects jobs in HR to grow faster than average for all occupations through 2012. Opportunities will increase as a result of a growing economy as well as a need to replace workers transferring to other occupations or retiring. BLS expects particularly strong demand for training and development and employment， recruitment， and placement specialists， with management， consulting， and employment services firms offering the greatest number of opportunities， thanks to a trend toward outsourcing personnel functions.
You can get the inside edge for a career in HR by strengthening your understanding of business strategy and planning and by specializing in a specific industry. A great way to get started in the field is with practice， look for an internship or an HR assistant job if you're in school or just out. Many HR professionals work their way up. As you develop an understanding of the various career tracks and master the basic skills within the function， you'll be in a great position to rise up the ladder.

In paragraph 2， why does BLS expect particularly strong demand for certain HR specialists?

A.Because the economy as a whole is growing nowadays.
B.Because job opportunities in HR grow faster than the average.
C.Because transferred or retired workers need to be replaced in time.
D.Because companies begin to recruit HR functions from the outside.

共用题干
The Worker 's Role in Management
Traditionally,it has been the workers'role to work and management's role to manage.Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought of consulting the labor force.Managers have rarely felt compelled（被迫的）to obtain the workers ' opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees.At most,companies have provided"suggestion boxes"in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures.In recent years,however,many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor-they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management.Furthermore,major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents.This is
particularly true of plant closings,which may put thousands on the unemployment lines.Should workers, then,play a stronger role in management?
Workers should have a role in management.At the very least,the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions(A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions).Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs（失业）,often with no warning.At least 90 days'notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust.Management should consult workers before closing a plant,because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.
It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making.There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policymaking groups.If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow,they will help to make improvements,their morale will rise,and their productivity will increase.As a further incentive,they must be given a share in the company's profits.This can be done through employee stock-ownership plans,bonuses,or rewards for efficiency and productivity.Finally,when a plant can no longer operate at a profit,the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.

According to the passage,what happened between 1980 and 1985?
A:Managers consulted workers before closing a plant.
B:Workers did not make necessary concessions.
C:About five million workers were laid off without advance notice.
D:Many companies were closed because of strikes.

共用题干
The Worker 's Role in Management
Traditionally,it has been the workers'role to work and management's role to manage.Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought of consulting the labor force.Managers have rarely felt compelled（被迫的）to obtain the workers ' opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees.At most,companies have provided"suggestion boxes"in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures.In recent years,however,many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor-they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management.Furthermore,major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents.This is
particularly true of plant closings,which may put thousands on the unemployment lines.Should workers, then,play a stronger role in management?
Workers should have a role in management.At the very least,the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions(A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions).Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs（失业）,often with no warning.At least 90 days'notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust.Management should consult workers before closing a plant,because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.
It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making.There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policymaking groups.If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow,they will help to make improvements,their morale will rise,and their productivity will increase.As a further incentive,they must be given a share in the company's profits.This can be done through employee stock-ownership plans,bonuses,or rewards for efficiency and productivity.Finally,when a plant can no longer operate at a profit,the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.

In recent years,many management specialists have been arguing that workers______.
A:are no longer sellers of the products
B:are less affected by company decisions than before
C:are able to make final decisions for the company
D:should have a say in management of the company

共用题干
The Worker 's Role in Management
Traditionally,it has been the workers'role to work and management's role to manage.Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought of consulting the labor force.Managers have rarely felt compelled（被迫的）to obtain the workers ' opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees.At most,companies have provided"suggestion boxes"in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures.In recent years,however,many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor-they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management.Furthermore,major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents.This is
particularly true of plant closings,which may put thousands on the unemployment lines.Should workers, then,play a stronger role in management?
Workers should have a role in management.At the very least,the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions(A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions).Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs（失业）,often with no warning.At least 90 days'notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust.Management should consult workers before closing a plant,because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.
It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making.There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policymaking groups.If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow,they will help to make improvements,their morale will rise,and their productivity will increase.As a further incentive,they must be given a share in the company's profits.This can be done through employee stock-ownership plans,bonuses,or rewards for efficiency and productivity.Finally,when a plant can no longer operate at a profit,the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.

The word"rank-and-file" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to______.
A:senior
B:ordinary
C:intelligent
D:capable

Rising wages -- together with currency fluctuations and high fuel costs -- are eating away the once-formidable"China price" advantage, prompting thousands of factory owners to flee the Pearl River Delta. Much has been written about the more than doubling of wages at the Shenzhen factory of Foxconn, the world's largest electronics contract manufacturer, which produces Apple iPhones and iPads and employs 920,000 people in China alone."One can talk about a world pre- and post- Foxconn," says Victor Fung, chairman of Li & Fung, the world's biggest sourcing company and a supplier of Wal-Mart. "Foxconn is as important as that."
Foxconn's wage increases are only the most dramatic. Our analysis suggests that, since February, minimum wages have climbed more than 20 percent in 20 Chinese regions and up to 30 percent in some, including Sichuan. At a Guangdong Province factory supplying Honda, wages have risen an astonishing 47 percent. All this is bad news for companies operating in the world's manufacturing hub, and chief executives should assume that double-digit annual rises -- if not on the scale witnessed this year -- are here to stay.
Looked at another way, however, wage inflation provides companies with a once-in-a-generation opportunity to rethink radically the way they approach global production -- and they should do so sooner rather than later.
Why the urgency? After all, wage hikes in China are nothing new. Since 1990, they have risen by an average of 13 percent a year in U.S. dollar terms and 19 percent annually in the past five years.
There are two big reasons the situation is different now. The first has to do with productivity.
Over the past 20 years, productivity increases have broadly matched wage increase, negating their impact. The pay rises came from a very low base, so while average wages grew 19 percent a year from 2005 to 2010, this amounted to only ￥260 a month per employee, a sum that could be offset by more efficient production or switching to cheaper sources of parts and materials.
If labor costs continue, however, to increase at 19 percent a year for another five years,monthly wages would grew ￥623 per month, according to BCG estimates. Such an increase would ripple through the economy in the form of higher prices for components, business services, cargo-handling and office staff.
The second reason relates to societal change. Until now, if has been easy to lure a seemingly unlimited number of young, low-wage workers to the richer coastal regions and house them cheaply in dormitories until they saved enough to return home to their families in the interior provinces. In the future, though, young workers will be harder to recruit. This is partly because there will be fewer of them: Largely because of the country's one-child policy, the number of Chinese aged 15 to 29 will start declining in 2011. Moreover, with living standards rising across China, fewer of today's rural youth will want to go to coastal regions to toil for 60 hours a week on an assembly line and live in a cramped dormitory.
So what can CEOs do in this fast-changing environment? An instinctive reaction is to search for cheaper labor elsewhere. But this is short-sighted and would provide -- at best -- a short-term fix. Another option is to stay in China and try to squeeze out greater productivity gains.
The reasons why young worker will be harder to recruit exclude（　）.

A.China's one-child policy
B.the fact that fewer rural youth want to go to coastal cities
C.surging living standards
D.the declining number of China's youth

资料：Human resource professionals act as mediators between an organization's management and its workers. This requires wearing many hats It's an HR administrator's job to make sure that employees are working in a safe environment that disputes are settled， and that benefits are understood and administered properly. At the same time， HR is charged with recruiting new employees who will not only fit in personally and professionally but also help the company achieve its business goals. They also represent management when negotiating for benefits with companies administering these benefits and when implementing companywide policies that will ultimately lower costs or boost profits. The needs of HR cover a wide range of tasks and，therefore， require individuals who are good with people in addition to being organized， analytical， business-minded， and heroic multitaskers.
All companies need some kind of HR support The Bureau of Labor Statistics（BLS） expects jobs in HR to grow faster than average for all occupations through 2012. Opportunities will increase as a result of a growing economy as well as a need to replace workers transferring to other occupations or retiring. BLS expects particularly strong demand for training and development and employment， recruitment， and placement specialists， with management， consulting， and employment services firms offering the greatest number of opportunities， thanks to a trend toward outsourcing personnel functions.
You can get the inside edge for a career in HR by strengthening your understanding of business strategy and planning and by specializing in a specific industry. A great way to get started in the field is with practice， look for an internship or an HR assistant job if you're in school or just out. Many HR professionals work their way up. As you develop an understanding of the various career tracks and master the basic skills within the function， you'll be in a great position to rise up the ladder.

What does “wearing many hats” in paragraph l， line l-2 most probably mean?

A.to act smoothly and tactfully
B.to take on much responsibility
C.to be faced with many choices
D.to pay attention to clothing

资料：Human resource professionals act as mediators between an organization's management and its workers. This requires wearing many hats It's an HR administrator's job to make sure that employees are working in a safe environment that disputes are settled， and that benefits are understood and administered properly. At the same time， HR is charged with recruiting new employees who will not only fit in personally and professionally but also help the company achieve its business goals. They also represent management when negotiating for benefits with companies administering these benefits and when implementing companywide policies that will ultimately lower costs or boost profits. The needs of HR cover a wide range of tasks and，therefore， require individuals who are good with people in addition to being organized， analytical， business-minded， and heroic multitaskers.
All companies need some kind of HR support The Bureau of Labor Statistics（BLS） expects jobs in HR to grow faster than average for all occupations through 2012. Opportunities will increase as a result of a growing economy as well as a need to replace workers transferring to other occupations or retiring. BLS expects particularly strong demand for training and development and employment， recruitment， and placement specialists， with management， consulting， and employment services firms offering the greatest number of opportunities， thanks to a trend toward outsourcing personnel functions.
You can get the inside edge for a career in HR by strengthening your understanding of business strategy and planning and by specializing in a specific industry. A great way to get started in the field is with practice， look for an internship or an HR assistant job if you're in school or just out. Many HR professionals work their way up. As you develop an understanding of the various career tracks and master the basic skills within the function， you'll be in a great position to rise up the ladder.

According to the passage， what is the suggested way to start one’s HR career?

A.To specialize in a specific industry.
B.To strengthen the understanding of business strategy and planning
C.To find an internship or an assistant job.
D.Both A and B.

共用题干
A Pay Rise or Not?
“Unless I get a rise.I'11 have a talk with the boss, Henry Manley,”George Strong said to himself. George liked his job and he liked the town he lived in,but his wife kept telling him that his pay was not enough to meet the needs of the family.That was why he was thinking of taking a job in Birmingham,a nearby city about 50 miles away.He had been offered a job in a factory there,and the pay was far better.
George lived in Wyeford,a medium-sized town .He really liked the place and didn't like the idea of moving somewhere else,but if he took the job in Birmingham,he would have to move his family there.
Henry Manley was the manager of a small company manufacturing electric motors.The corn-pany was in deep trouble because,among other reasons,the Japanese were selling such things at very low prices. As a result,Manley had to cut his own prices and profits as well. Otherwise he would not get any orders at all .Even then,orders were still not coming in fast enough,so that there was no money for raises（加工资）for his workers. Somehow ,he had to struggle along and keep his best workers as well.He sighed.Just then the phone rang.
His secretary told him that George Strong wanted to see him as soon as possible.Manley sighed again.He could guess what it was about.George Strong was a very young engineer. The company had no future unless it could attract and keep men like him.Manley rubbed his forehead （前额）;his problems seemed endless.

Henry Manley's company was making enough profits to raise the workers' wages.
A:.Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned

共用题干
The Worker 's Role in Management
Traditionally,it has been the workers'role to work and management's role to manage.Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought of consulting the labor force.Managers have rarely felt compelled（被迫的）to obtain the workers ' opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees.At most,companies have provided"suggestion boxes"in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures.In recent years,however,many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor-they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management.Furthermore,major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents.This is
particularly true of plant closings,which may put thousands on the unemployment lines.Should workers, then,play a stronger role in management?
Workers should have a role in management.At the very least,the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions(A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions).Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs（失业）,often with no warning.At least 90 days'notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust.Management should consult workers before closing a plant,because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.
It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making.There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policymaking groups.If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow,they will help to make improvements,their morale will rise,and their productivity will increase.As a further incentive,they must be given a share in the company's profits.This can be done through employee stock-ownership plans,bonuses,or rewards for efficiency and productivity.Finally,when a plant can no longer operate at a profit,the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.

It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that managers______.
A:seldom obtained workers'opinions
B:were not qualified
C:disliked"suggestion boxes"
D:never consulted the labor force

共用题干
The Worker 's Role in Management
Traditionally,it has been the workers'role to work and management's role to manage.Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought of consulting the labor force.Managers have rarely felt compelled（被迫的）to obtain the workers ' opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees.At most,companies have provided"suggestion boxes"in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures.In recent years,however,many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor-they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management.Furthermore,major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents.This is
particularly true of plant closings,which may put thousands on the unemployment lines.Should workers, then,play a stronger role in management?
Workers should have a role in management.At the very least,the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions(A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions).Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs（失业）,often with no warning.At least 90 days'notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust.Management should consult workers before closing a plant,because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.
It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making.There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policymaking groups.If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow,they will help to make improvements,their morale will rise,and their productivity will increase.As a further incentive,they must be given a share in the company's profits.This can be done through employee stock-ownership plans,bonuses,or rewards for efficiency and productivity.Finally,when a plant can no longer operate at a profit,the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.

If not given a voice in managerial decision making,workers______.
A:may lack the incentive to increase their productivity
B:cannot get a share in the company's profits
C:can still get bonuses for efficiency and productivity
D:will not have the opportunity to purchase the plant