问答题Practice 6 None of us can afford to be complacent about our command of English. For most of the time, of course, there is no problem: we are dealing with family and friends on everyday affairs; and what is more, we are usually talking to them, not wri
题目
问答题
Practice 6 None of us can afford to be complacent about our command of English. For most of the time, of course, there is no problem: we are dealing with family and friends on everyday affairs; and what is more, we are usually talking to them, not writing. It is in ordinary talk to ordinary people on ordinary matters that we are most at home, linguistically and otherwise. And fortunately, this is the situation that accounts for the overwhelming majority of our needs in the use of English. Problems arise as soon as the context is somewhat out of the ordinary. We suddenly need to address a cousin about the death of her husband; or we are writing to our employer to explain temporary absence; composing the minutes of a particularly delicate committee meeting; even just drafting an announcement to pin on the club notice board. This is when we may—or should—pause and wonder about idiom, good usage, the most appropriate way of putting things. There is the risk of sounding too casual, too colloquial, too flippant. There is the converse risk of seeming ponderous, distant, pompous, unnatural; of using an expression which, instead of striking a resonant note, falls flat as a hackneyed cliché.
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第1题：
30． What is the passage mainly about? 、
A． We must make more friends．
B． Don-t quarrel with our parents．
C． What should we do when our parents quarrel．
D． Sometimes we must stay away from our parents．
正确答案：C
C【解析】全篇都是写关于父母吵架时，“你”应该怎么做的建议。 -
第2题：
We experience a burst of pleasure when we share our thoughts,and this drives us to communlcate.It is a useful feature of our brain,because it ensures that knowledge,experience and ideas do not get buried with the person who first had them,and that as a society we benefit from the products of many minds.Of course,in order for that to happen,merely sharing is not enough.We need to cause a reaction.Each time we share our opinions and knowledge,it is with the intention of having an impact on others.Here's the problem,though:we approach this task from inside our own heads.When attempting to create impact,we reflect on what is persuasive to us,our state of mind.our desires and our goals.But if we want to affect the behaviours and beliefs of the person in front of us,we need to understand what goes on inside their head.答案：解析：我们在分享自己的想法时会感到一阵愉悦．正是这种感觉驱使我们进行交流。我们大脑的这个特点非常有用．因为它保证了知识、经验和想法不会随着它们最初的拥有者而遭到埋没；我们作为一个社会，则能从许多聪明人的成果中受益。当然，要使这种情况发生，单纯的分享是不够的。我们需要引起一个反应。我们每次分享自己的意见和知识时，正是抱着对他人施加影响的目的。但这正是问题所在：我们从自己的内心出发处理这件事情。当我们试图造成影响时，我们回想对我们具有说服力的东西．我们的精神状态，我们的渴望以及我们的目标。但我们如果想影响我们面前这个人的行为和想法，却需要理解他们的脑子里在想什么。 -
第3题：
共用题干
Kicking the Habit
What is a bad habit?The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,almost
without thinking about it,and which has some sort of negative consequence.This consequence could affect
those around us,or it could affect us personally.Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad
habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits,like sucking our thumb,are broken when we are very young.We are either told to
stop doing it by our parents,or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
habit,and we gradually grow out of it.It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in
our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem.Unless we can break that habit early on,it
becomes a part of our life,and becomes"programmed"into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits,it is the
old ways that tend to win,especially in situations where we are rushed,stressed or overworked.Habits that
we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back.During the study programme,the researchers showed
a group of volunteers several pictures,and gave them words to associate with them.They then showed the
volunteers the same pictures again,and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later,the volunteers were given a test.The researchers showed them the pictures,and told
them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one.It came as no surprise that their an-
swers were split between the first set of words and the second.Two weeks later,they were given the same test
again.This time,most of them only gave the first set of. words.They appeared to have completely forgotten
the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.We may
try to change our ways,hut after a while,the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned.The more that response is used,the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond
in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time,our had habits also become automatic,learned behavior.
This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break
them.Even when we try to put new,good intentions into practice,those previously learned habits remain
stronger in more automatic,unconscious forms of memory.The study suggests that it is more difficult to respond to what we learn first?
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：C解析：文章第二段讲到，一些早期的习惯，像吮吸手指之类的习惯在我们很小的时候就戒掉 了。并没有说男孩子们在小时候通常会染上坏习惯。故选C。
在文章第二段中，作者指出我们之所以能戒掉早期的坏习惯是因为有父母告诉我们不 要这样做，或者是我们有意或无意地观察到别人都不这样做。文章中并没有说我们戒掉坏习 惯的唯一方法是别人的告知。故选B。
文章第三段讲到，最近一项关于人类记洲忆力的研究表明不管我们如何努力地尝试着改 变坏习惯，坏习惯还是难以戒掉，特别是在我们忙碌，紧张或是过度劳累的时候，我们认为已经 戒掉的坏习惯就会突然跑回来。故选A。
由文章第四段第三句话“It came as no surprise that...“，可知研究者对测试结果毫不奇 怪，在他们意料之中。故选B。
文章第四段讲到，两个星期后，这些被测试者重新做相同的测试。大多数人只能给出 第一组的单词，好像他们完全忘了第二组单词。文章中并未提到被测试者发现第二次测试要 难一些。故选C。
文章倒数第一二段指出，这一研究证实了这一点，我们第一次学到的反应方式在一段时 间后仍然在我们脑海里留下最深印象、尽管我们试图去改变，但一段时间后，首先出现在脑海 的还是我们第一次学到的反应方式。文章中并未提到研究表明对我们最先学习的那些东西做 出反应更加困难。故选C。
文章最后一段讲到，研究表明在一段时间后，坏习惯会变成无章识的习得性行为。这 对那些在年轻时就染上坏习惯而现在想要戒掉的人们来说不是个好消息。也就是说，年轻时 染上的坏习惯很难戒掉。故选A。 -
第4题：
共用题干
Kicking the Habit
What is a bad habit?The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,almost
without thinking about it,and which has some sort of negative consequence.This consequence could affect
those around us,or it could affect us personally.Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad
habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits,like sucking our thumb,are broken when we are very young.We are either told to
stop doing it by our parents,or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
habit,and we gradually grow out of it.It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in
our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem.Unless we can break that habit early on,it
becomes a part of our life,and becomes"programmed"into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits,it is the
old ways that tend to win,especially in situations where we are rushed,stressed or overworked.Habits that
we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back.During the study programme,the researchers showed
a group of volunteers several pictures,and gave them words to associate with them.They then showed the
volunteers the same pictures again,and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later,the volunteers were given a test.The researchers showed them the pictures,and told
them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one.It came as no surprise that their an-
swers were split between the first set of words and the second.Two weeks later,they were given the same test
again.This time,most of them only gave the first set of. words.They appeared to have completely forgotten
the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.We may
try to change our ways,hut after a while,the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned.The more that response is used,the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond
in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time,our had habits also become automatic,learned behavior.
This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break
them.Even when we try to put new,good intentions into practice,those previously learned habits remain
stronger in more automatic,unconscious forms of memory.Boys usually develop bad habits when they are very young.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：C解析：文章第二段讲到，一些早期的习惯，像吮吸手指之类的习惯在我们很小的时候就戒掉 了。并没有说男孩子们在小时候通常会染上坏习惯。故选C。
在文章第二段中，作者指出我们之所以能戒掉早期的坏习惯是因为有父母告诉我们不 要这样做，或者是我们有意或无意地观察到别人都不这样做。文章中并没有说我们戒掉坏习 惯的唯一方法是别人的告知。故选B。
文章第三段讲到，最近一项关于人类记洲忆力的研究表明不管我们如何努力地尝试着改 变坏习惯，坏习惯还是难以戒掉，特别是在我们忙碌，紧张或是过度劳累的时候，我们认为已经 戒掉的坏习惯就会突然跑回来。故选A。
由文章第四段第三句话“It came as no surprise that...“，可知研究者对测试结果毫不奇 怪，在他们意料之中。故选B。
文章第四段讲到，两个星期后，这些被测试者重新做相同的测试。大多数人只能给出 第一组的单词，好像他们完全忘了第二组单词。文章中并未提到被测试者发现第二次测试要 难一些。故选C。
文章倒数第一二段指出，这一研究证实了这一点，我们第一次学到的反应方式在一段时 间后仍然在我们脑海里留下最深印象、尽管我们试图去改变，但一段时间后，首先出现在脑海 的还是我们第一次学到的反应方式。文章中并未提到研究表明对我们最先学习的那些东西做 出反应更加困难。故选C。
文章最后一段讲到，研究表明在一段时间后，坏习惯会变成无章识的习得性行为。这 对那些在年轻时就染上坏习惯而现在想要戒掉的人们来说不是个好消息。也就是说，年轻时 染上的坏习惯很难戒掉。故选A。 -
第5题：
共用题干
Kicking the Habit
What is a bad habit?The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,almost
without thinking about it,and which has some sort of negative consequence.This consequence could affect
those around us,or it could affect us personally.Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad
habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits,like sucking our thumb,are broken when we are very young.We are either told to
stop doing it by our parents,or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
habit,and we gradually grow out of it.It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in
our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem.Unless we can break that habit early on,it
becomes a part of our life,and becomes"programmed"into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits,it is the
old ways that tend to win,especially in situations where we are rushed,stressed or overworked.Habits that
we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back.During the study programme,the researchers showed
a group of volunteers several pictures,and gave them words to associate with them.They then showed the
volunteers the same pictures again,and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later,the volunteers were given a test.The researchers showed them the pictures,and told
them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one.It came as no surprise that their an-
swers were split between the first set of words and the second.Two weeks later,they were given the same test
again.This time,most of them only gave the first set of. words.They appeared to have completely forgotten
the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.We may
try to change our ways,hut after a while,the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned.The more that response is used,the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond
in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time,our had habits also become automatic,learned behavior.
This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break
them.Even when we try to put new,good intentions into practice,those previously learned habits remain
stronger in more automatic,unconscious forms of memory.The volunteers found the test more difficult when they did it the second time.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：C解析：文章第二段讲到，一些早期的习惯，像吮吸手指之类的习惯在我们很小的时候就戒掉 了。并没有说男孩子们在小时候通常会染上坏习惯。故选C。
在文章第二段中，作者指出我们之所以能戒掉早期的坏习惯是因为有父母告诉我们不 要这样做，或者是我们有意或无意地观察到别人都不这样做。文章中并没有说我们戒掉坏习 惯的唯一方法是别人的告知。故选B。
文章第三段讲到，最近一项关于人类记洲忆力的研究表明不管我们如何努力地尝试着改 变坏习惯，坏习惯还是难以戒掉，特别是在我们忙碌，紧张或是过度劳累的时候，我们认为已经 戒掉的坏习惯就会突然跑回来。故选A。
由文章第四段第三句话“It came as no surprise that...“，可知研究者对测试结果毫不奇 怪，在他们意料之中。故选B。
文章第四段讲到，两个星期后，这些被测试者重新做相同的测试。大多数人只能给出 第一组的单词，好像他们完全忘了第二组单词。文章中并未提到被测试者发现第二次测试要 难一些。故选C。
文章倒数第一二段指出，这一研究证实了这一点，我们第一次学到的反应方式在一段时 间后仍然在我们脑海里留下最深印象、尽管我们试图去改变，但一段时间后，首先出现在脑海 的还是我们第一次学到的反应方式。文章中并未提到研究表明对我们最先学习的那些东西做 出反应更加困难。故选C。
文章最后一段讲到，研究表明在一段时间后，坏习惯会变成无章识的习得性行为。这 对那些在年轻时就染上坏习惯而现在想要戒掉的人们来说不是个好消息。也就是说，年轻时 染上的坏习惯很难戒掉。故选A。 -
第6题：
共用题干
The Need to Remember
Some people say they have no memory at all:"I just can't remember a thing!"But of course we all have a memory.Our memory tells us who we are.Our memory helps us to make use in the present of what we have learnt in the past.
In fact we have different types of memory.For example,our visual memory helps us recall facts and places.Some people have such a strong visual memory that they can remember exactly what they have seen,for example,pages of a book,as a complete picture.
Our verbal（言语的）memory helps us remember words and figures we may have heard but not seen or written:Items of a shopping list,a chemical formula,dates,or a recipe.
With our emotional（情感的）memory, we recall situations or places where we had; strong feelings,perhaps of happiness or unhappiness. We also have special memories for smell,taste, touch and sound,and for performing physical movements.
We have two ways of storing any of these memories. Our short-term memory stores items for up to thirty seconds-enough to remember a telephone number while we dial.Our long-term mem-ory,on the other hand,may store items for a lifetime. Older people in fact have a much biter long-term memory than short-term .They may forget what they have done only a few hours ago,but have the clearest remembrance（记忆）of when they were very young.
Psychologists tell us that we only remember a few facts about our past,and that we invent the rest. It is as though we remember only the outline of a story.We then make up the details. We of-ten do this in the way we want to remember them,usually so that we appear as the heroes of our own past , or maybe victims needing sympathy（同情）.Long-term memory is more important than short-term memory.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned答案：C解析：根据文章第二段第二句话可知，视觉记忆可以帮助我们记起事实和地方，故本题表述正确，视觉记忆可以帮我们记起曾经去过的地方。
根据文章第二段最后一句话中的“Some people have such...pages of a book...”可知题干正确，故本题表述正确。
根据文章第三段中的“... words and figures we may have heard but not seen or written...”可知题干表述错误。
根据文章第四段最后一句可知，perform physical movements说的是special memories。因此题干错误。
联系全文，本文主要说的是人的记忆，而未提及动物。
文章倒数第二段对short-term memory和long-term memory作了区分，并未进行重要性的比较。
根据文章最后一段第一句话可知，关于过去我们只记得一部分，剩下的都是自己编造的，故本题表述正确。 -
第7题：
共用题干
Kicking the Habit
What is a bad habit?The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,almost
without thinking about it,and which has some sort of negative consequence.This consequence could affect
those around us,or it could affect us personally.Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad
habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits,like sucking our thumb,are broken when we are very young.We are either told to
stop doing it by our parents,or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
habit,and we gradually grow out of it.It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in
our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem.Unless we can break that habit early on,it
becomes a part of our life,and becomnes"programmed"into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits,it is the
old ways that tend to win,especially in situations where we are rushed,stressed or overworked.Habits that
we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back.During the study programme,the researchers showed
a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them.They then showed the
volunteers the same pictures again,and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later,the volunteers were given a test.The researchers showed them the pictures,and told
them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one.It came as no surprise that their
answers were split between the first set of words and the second.Two weeks later,they were given the same
test again.This time,most of them only gave the first set of words.They appeared to have completely forgotten
the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.We may
try to change out ways,but after a while,the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned.The more that response is used,the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to re-
spond in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time,our bad habits also become automatic,learned behaviour.
This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break
them.Even when we try to put new,good intentions into practice,those previously learned habits remain
stronger in more automatic,unconscious forms of memory.Boys usually develop bad habits when they are very young.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：C解析：文章第二段讲到，一些早期的习惯，像吮吸手指之类的习惯在我们很小的时候就戒掉 了。并没有说男孩子们在小时候通常会染上坏习惯。故选C。
在文章第二段中，作者指出我们之所以能戒除早期的坏习惯是因为有父母告诉我们不 要这样做，或者是我们有意或无意地观察到别人都不这样做。文章中并没有说我们戒除坏习 惯的唯一方法是别人的告知。故选B。
文章第三段第一句话说最近一项关于人类记忆力的研究表明不管我们如何努力地尝 试着改变坏习惯，坏习惯还是难以戒掉，特别是在我们忙碌，紧张或是过度劳累的时候，我们认 为已经戒掉的坏习惯就会突然跑回来。故选A。
由文章第四段第三句话“It came as no surprise that..."，可知研究者对测试结果毫不奇 怪，在他们意料之中。故选B。
文章第四段讲到，两个星期后，这些被测试者重新做相同的测试。他们只能给出第一 组的单词，他们表现出完全忘了第二组单词的样子。文章中并未提到被测试者发现第二次测 试要难一些。故选C。
文章倒数第二段指出，这一研究证实了这一点，我们第一次学到的反应方式在一段时 间后仍然在我们脑海里留下最深印象。尽管我们试图去改变，但一段时间后，首先出现在脑海 的还是我们第一次学到的反应方式。题干中的说法“研究表明对我们最先学习的那些东西做 出反应很困难”没有提及。故选C。
由文章最后一段讲到，研究表明在一段时间后，坏习惯会变成无意识的习得性行为。 这对那些在年轻时就染上坏习惯而现在想要戒掉的人们来说不是个好消息。也就是说，年轻 时染上的坏习惯很难戒掉。故选A。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 -
第8题：
共用题干
Kicking the Habit
What is a bad habit?The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,almost
without thinking about it,and which has some sort of negative consequence.This consequence could affect
those around us,or it could affect us personally.Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad
habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits,like sucking our thumb,are broken when we are very young.We are either told to
stop doing it by our parents,or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
habit,and we gradually grow out of it.It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in
our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem.Unless we can break that habit early on,it
becomes a part of our life,and becomnes"programmed"into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits,it is the
old ways that tend to win,especially in situations where we are rushed,stressed or overworked.Habits that
we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back.During the study programme,the researchers showed
a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them.They then showed the
volunteers the same pictures again,and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later,the volunteers were given a test.The researchers showed them the pictures,and told
them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one.It came as no surprise that their
answers were split between the first set of words and the second.Two weeks later,they were given the same
test again.This time,most of them only gave the first set of words.They appeared to have completely forgotten
the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.We may
try to change out ways,but after a while,the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned.The more that response is used,the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to re-
spond in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time,our bad habits also become automatic,learned behaviour.
This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break
them.Even when we try to put new,good intentions into practice,those previously learned habits remain
stronger in more automatic,unconscious forms of memory.We can only break bad habits if others tell us to do so.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：B解析：文章第二段讲到，一些早期的习惯，像吮吸手指之类的习惯在我们很小的时候就戒掉 了。并没有说男孩子们在小时候通常会染上坏习惯。故选C。
在文章第二段中，作者指出我们之所以能戒除早期的坏习惯是因为有父母告诉我们不 要这样做，或者是我们有意或无意地观察到别人都不这样做。文章中并没有说我们戒除坏习 惯的唯一方法是别人的告知。故选B。
文章第三段第一句话说最近一项关于人类记忆力的研究表明不管我们如何努力地尝 试着改变坏习惯，坏习惯还是难以戒掉，特别是在我们忙碌，紧张或是过度劳累的时候，我们认 为已经戒掉的坏习惯就会突然跑回来。故选A。
由文章第四段第三句话“It came as no surprise that..."，可知研究者对测试结果毫不奇 怪，在他们意料之中。故选B。
文章第四段讲到，两个星期后，这些被测试者重新做相同的测试。他们只能给出第一 组的单词，他们表现出完全忘了第二组单词的样子。文章中并未提到被测试者发现第二次测 试要难一些。故选C。
文章倒数第二段指出，这一研究证实了这一点，我们第一次学到的反应方式在一段时 间后仍然在我们脑海里留下最深印象。尽管我们试图去改变，但一段时间后，首先出现在脑海 的还是我们第一次学到的反应方式。题干中的说法“研究表明对我们最先学习的那些东西做 出反应很困难”没有提及。故选C。
由文章最后一段讲到，研究表明在一段时间后，坏习惯会变成无意识的习得性行为。 这对那些在年轻时就染上坏习惯而现在想要戒掉的人们来说不是个好消息。也就是说，年轻 时染上的坏习惯很难戒掉。故选A。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 -
第9题：
共用题干
Kicking the Habit
What is a bad habit?The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,almost
without thinking about it,and which has some sort of negative consequence.This consequence could affect
those around us,or it could affect us personally.Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad
habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits,like sucking our thumb,are broken when we are very young.We are either told to
stop doing it by our parents,or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
habit,and we gradually grow out of it.It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in
our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem.Unless we can break that habit early on,it
becomes a part of our life,and becomnes"programmed"into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits,it is the
old ways that tend to win,especially in situations where we are rushed,stressed or overworked.Habits that
we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back.During the study programme,the researchers showed
a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them.They then showed the
volunteers the same pictures again,and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later,the volunteers were given a test.The researchers showed them the pictures,and told
them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one.It came as no surprise that their
answers were split between the first set of words and the second.Two weeks later,they were given the same
test again.This time,most of them only gave the first set of words.They appeared to have completely forgotten
the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.We may
try to change out ways,but after a while,the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned.The more that response is used,the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to re-
spond in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time,our bad habits also become automatic,learned behaviour.
This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break
them.Even when we try to put new,good intentions into practice,those previously learned habits remain
stronger in more automatic,unconscious forms of memory.Researchers were surprised by the answers that the volunteers gave in the first test.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：B解析：文章第二段讲到，一些早期的习惯，像吮吸手指之类的习惯在我们很小的时候就戒掉 了。并没有说男孩子们在小时候通常会染上坏习惯。故选C。
在文章第二段中，作者指出我们之所以能戒除早期的坏习惯是因为有父母告诉我们不 要这样做，或者是我们有意或无意地观察到别人都不这样做。文章中并没有说我们戒除坏习 惯的唯一方法是别人的告知。故选B。
文章第三段第一句话说最近一项关于人类记忆力的研究表明不管我们如何努力地尝 试着改变坏习惯，坏习惯还是难以戒掉，特别是在我们忙碌，紧张或是过度劳累的时候，我们认 为已经戒掉的坏习惯就会突然跑回来。故选A。
由文章第四段第三句话“It came as no surprise that..."，可知研究者对测试结果毫不奇 怪，在他们意料之中。故选B。
文章第四段讲到，两个星期后，这些被测试者重新做相同的测试。他们只能给出第一 组的单词，他们表现出完全忘了第二组单词的样子。文章中并未提到被测试者发现第二次测 试要难一些。故选C。
文章倒数第二段指出，这一研究证实了这一点，我们第一次学到的反应方式在一段时 间后仍然在我们脑海里留下最深印象。尽管我们试图去改变，但一段时间后，首先出现在脑海 的还是我们第一次学到的反应方式。题干中的说法“研究表明对我们最先学习的那些东西做 出反应很困难”没有提及。故选C。
由文章最后一段讲到，研究表明在一段时间后，坏习惯会变成无意识的习得性行为。 这对那些在年轻时就染上坏习惯而现在想要戒掉的人们来说不是个好消息。也就是说，年轻 时染上的坏习惯很难戒掉。故选A。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 -
第10题：
Overcoming Difficulties ① Life is full of difficulties and obstacles, from birth to death. At times, Life seems like a hurdle race. We are sure of encountering hurdles, but almost always we are taken by surprise. It is necessary to accept that life in general is full of difficulties and adversities. This recognition is the first step. When faced with problems, we often feel, "I am the only one having such problems" Or, we tend to exaggerate our problems and regard them as most complex, most painful，and as an extreme case. But if we look around us, we find people in much worse conditions. As St. Augustine said, "I cried for boots, till I saw a man who had no legs." ② When faced with difficulties, we either complain or seek to dodge them. We behave like as ostrich in the desert. It is said that when there is a storm in the desert, the ostrich buries his head in the sand-hoping that the storm will go away if he ignores it-and finally gets buried under a heap of sand and dies. Some of us choose to pretend that the problems do not exist. We fail to realize that confronting and solving the problem-no painful the process-makes us grow. ③ Accept the woes of birth. It has many implied meanings. First, it means "accepting," i.e., being able to say that it is "my" problem and it is up to me to solve it. Many times we find ourselves putting the blame on others-parents, society or the circumstances of life. Nothing happens by chance, but all is the result of our past actions. There are times when what is needed is patience. We seek to come out of an unpleasant situation quickly. We must understand that if the cause had been operating for a long time, the effect also would last long-as even when the gas has been turned off, the burner remains hot for a long time. Similarly, we expect quick results; having put in the effort, we must be willing to wait. Patient acceptance of what is due to us makes us makes us take a step further in our development. ④ Once we have learnt to deal with a difficulty, the next time we encounter it, it ceases to be a difficulty. But, more often than not the cause of the problem is internal, i.e., within us, and often, it calls for a change. Often the difficulty is solved when we are willing to change—our way of thinking, our feelings, our likes and dislikes—and ready to adapt or adjust ourselves to a problematic situation or a person in life. We must realize that realize that change is inevitable, and always be mentally prepared for it. ⑤ Not all life's problems are such that they need to be dealt with all at once. Sometimes it is possible to take a step and wait for a long time. For instance, if the tap is leaking then we need to call a plumber as soon as we can. But having called him and having found that he can come only the following morning, we should wait patiently for the next 24 hours. In this period, people can get very anxious and go on talking about it to others. There are many such problems in life. While waiting for a long time，people tend to become（）
- A、seektododgethem
- B、immediatereaction
- C、waitingforalongtime
- D、difficultiesandadversities
- E、veryanxious
- F、onothers
正确答案:E -
第11题：
问答题Practice 6 There are poor teachers, to be sure, and I’m convinced the teaching profession in this country must police itself more vigorously. I’ve thought sometimes that an incompetent teacher is worse than an incompetent surgeon, since a surgeon can cut up only one person at a time. However, it is also true that no profession is made healthy by focusing only on what’ s bad, and we must begin to see teachers as part of the solution, not the problem. Perhaps we can learn something from Japanese here. Teachers in that country are heroes of the culture. If we do so, we may come closer to identifying the reason for the differences in school performance in our two countries.正确答案：
【参考译文】
毫无疑问,也有不够称职的老师。我确信,这个国家的教育界应该大张旗鼓地进行整顿。有时我想,一个无能的老师比一个不称职的外科医生还要糟糕。因为一个不高明的外科医生一次只能误诊一个病人。然而,同样确定无疑的是,仅仅把注意力集中职业的消极方面,并不能使其健康发展。我们应该开始把教师看作是解决问题的一部分力量,而不是把他们看成是问题的所在。
在这方面我们或许能从日本人那里学到一些东西。在日本,教师是文化的精英。如果我们也能这样的话,我们就能进一步找出这两个国家在教育方面存在着差异的原因。解析： 暂无解析 -
第12题：
单选题Overcoming Difficulties ① Life is full of difficulties and obstacles, from birth to death. At times, Life seems like a hurdle race. We are sure of encountering hurdles, but almost always we are taken by surprise. It is necessary to accept that life in general is full of difficulties and adversities. This recognition is the first step. When faced with problems, we often feel, "I am the only one having such problems" Or, we tend to exaggerate our problems and regard them as most complex, most painful，and as an extreme case. But if we look around us, we find people in much worse conditions. As St. Augustine said, "I cried for boots, till I saw a man who had no legs." ② When faced with difficulties, we either complain or seek to dodge them. We behave like as ostrich in the desert. It is said that when there is a storm in the desert, the ostrich buries his head in the sand-hoping that the storm will go away if he ignores it-and finally gets buried under a heap of sand and dies. Some of us choose to pretend that the problems do not exist. We fail to realize that confronting and solving the problem-no painful the process-makes us grow. ③ Accept the woes of birth. It has many implied meanings. First, it means "accepting," i.e., being able to say that it is "my" problem and it is up to me to solve it. Many times we find ourselves putting the blame on others-parents, society or the circumstances of life. Nothing happens by chance, but all is the result of our past actions. There are times when what is needed is patience. We seek to come out of an unpleasant situation quickly. We must understand that if the cause had been operating for a long time, the effect also would last long-as even when the gas has been turned off, the burner remains hot for a long time. Similarly, we expect quick results; having put in the effort, we must be willing to wait. Patient acceptance of what is due to us makes us makes us take a step further in our development. ④ Once we have learnt to deal with a difficulty, the next time we encounter it, it ceases to be a difficulty. But, more often than not the cause of the problem is internal, i.e., within us, and often, it calls for a change. Often the difficulty is solved when we are willing to change—our way of thinking, our feelings, our likes and dislikes—and ready to adapt or adjust ourselves to a problematic situation or a person in life. We must realize that realize that change is inevitable, and always be mentally prepared for it. ⑤ Not all life's problems are such that they need to be dealt with all at once. Sometimes it is possible to take a step and wait for a long time. For instance, if the tap is leaking then we need to call a plumber as soon as we can. But having called him and having found that he can come only the following morning, we should wait patiently for the next 24 hours. In this period, people can get very anxious and go on talking about it to others. There are many such problems in life. While waiting for a long time，people tend to become（）Aseektododgethem
Bimmediatereaction
Cwaitingforalongtime
Ddifficultiesandadversities
Everyanxious
Fonothers
正确答案： D解析： 本题根据原文第五段倒数第二句In this period，people can get very anxious and go on talking about it to other可得出答案。答案为E。 -
第13题：
We can make mistakes at any age.Some mistakes we make are about money.But most mistakes?are about people."Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?When I got that great job,did Jim really feel good about it,as a friend?Or did he envy my luck?"When we look back,doubts?like these can make us feel bad.But when we look back,it′s too late.
Why do we go wrong about our friends or our enemies?Sometimes what people say hides their?real meaning.And if we don′t really listen closely we miss the feeling behind the words.Suppose?someone tells you,"You′re a lucky dog."That′s being friendly.But"lucky dog"?There′s a bit?of envy in those words.Maybe he doesn′t see it himself.But bringing in the"dog"puts you down a?little.What he may be saying is that he doesn′t think you deserve your luck.
"Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for"is another noise that says one thing and?means another.It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole.But is be?Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn′t important.It′s telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven′t got a date for Saturday night.How can you tell the real meaning behind someone′s words?One way is to take a good look at?the person talking.Do his words fit the way he looks?Does what he says agree with the tone of?voice?His posture?The look in his eyes?Stop and think.The minute you spend thinking about the?real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.
According to the author′,the reason why we go wrong about our friends is thatA.we fail to listen carefully when they talk
B.people tend to be annoyed when we check what they say
C.people usually state one thing but mean another
D.we tend to doubt What.our friends say答案：C解析：【考情点拨】推理判断题。【应试指导】由第二段第二句及第三段首句可知，有时人们所说的话掩饰了其真实含义，而且言不由衷。故选C。 -
第14题：
Compared with other areas of our social lives,we tend to boast far more on social media.For instance,few of us will stand on a neighborhood corner and declare how accomplished we are or how much we love our spouse.On Facebook,however,we have no uneasiness about routinely posting photographs of intimate family gatherings,foreign vacations,and fancy meals.What's more,many of us share boasts with hundreds or even thousands of social media connections,with little knowledge or concern about who's seeing them or what effect it has on them.Despite the risk of negative effects,we can't help boasting on social media because,as psychologists have argued,boasting satisfies fundamental human motives of creating a favorable first impression with strangers,and building a positive image among those who know us.In our vast social media spheres,boasting is also a good way,or even possibly the only way,to attract attention.答案：解析：和我们社交生活的其他领域相比．我们在社交媒体上自夸的频率往往要高得多。比方说，我们很少人会站在街角，宣称自己如何有成就、多么爱自己的配偶。但是，我们例行公事般地在脸书上发布亲密家庭成员聚会、出国度假及豪华大餐的照片而丝毫不觉不安。不仅如此，我们很多人与数以百计甚至千计的社交媒体联系人分享自己引以为豪的事物，对谁在看它们、它们产生了什么影响既不怎么了解，也不怎么关心。尽管存在带来负面效果的风险，我们还是禁不住在社交媒体上自吹自擂，因为正如心理学家所言，自夸满足了人类的基本动机：给陌生人留下美好的第一印象，在熟人中树立正面形象。在我们庞大的社交媒体圈子中，自夸也是引起关注的一个好方法，甚至可能是唯一的方法。 -
第15题：
共用题干
Kicking the Habit
What is a bad habit?The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,almost
without thinking about it,and which has some sort of negative consequence.This consequence could affect
those around us,or it could affect us personally.Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad
habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits,like sucking our thumb,are broken when we are very young.We are either told to
stop doing it by our parents,or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
habit,and we gradually grow out of it.It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in
our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem.Unless we can break that habit early on,it
becomes a part of our life,and becomes"programmed"into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits,it is the
old ways that tend to win,especially in situations where we are rushed,stressed or overworked.Habits that
we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back.During the study programme,the researchers showed
a group of volunteers several pictures,and gave them words to associate with them.They then showed the
volunteers the same pictures again,and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later,the volunteers were given a test.The researchers showed them the pictures,and told
them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one.It came as no surprise that their an-
swers were split between the first set of words and the second.Two weeks later,they were given the same test
again.This time,most of them only gave the first set of. words.They appeared to have completely forgotten
the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.We may
try to change our ways,hut after a while,the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned.The more that response is used,the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond
in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time,our had habits also become automatic,learned behavior.
This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break
them.Even when we try to put new,good intentions into practice,those previously learned habits remain
stronger in more automatic,unconscious forms of memory.We can only break bad habits if others tell us to do so.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not nientioned答案：B解析：文章第二段讲到，一些早期的习惯，像吮吸手指之类的习惯在我们很小的时候就戒掉 了。并没有说男孩子们在小时候通常会染上坏习惯。故选C。
在文章第二段中，作者指出我们之所以能戒掉早期的坏习惯是因为有父母告诉我们不 要这样做，或者是我们有意或无意地观察到别人都不这样做。文章中并没有说我们戒掉坏习 惯的唯一方法是别人的告知。故选B。
文章第三段讲到，最近一项关于人类记洲忆力的研究表明不管我们如何努力地尝试着改 变坏习惯，坏习惯还是难以戒掉，特别是在我们忙碌，紧张或是过度劳累的时候，我们认为已经 戒掉的坏习惯就会突然跑回来。故选A。
由文章第四段第三句话“It came as no surprise that...“，可知研究者对测试结果毫不奇 怪，在他们意料之中。故选B。
文章第四段讲到，两个星期后，这些被测试者重新做相同的测试。大多数人只能给出 第一组的单词，好像他们完全忘了第二组单词。文章中并未提到被测试者发现第二次测试要 难一些。故选C。
文章倒数第一二段指出，这一研究证实了这一点，我们第一次学到的反应方式在一段时 间后仍然在我们脑海里留下最深印象、尽管我们试图去改变，但一段时间后，首先出现在脑海 的还是我们第一次学到的反应方式。文章中并未提到研究表明对我们最先学习的那些东西做 出反应更加困难。故选C。
文章最后一段讲到，研究表明在一段时间后，坏习惯会变成无章识的习得性行为。这 对那些在年轻时就染上坏习惯而现在想要戒掉的人们来说不是个好消息。也就是说，年轻时 染上的坏习惯很难戒掉。故选A。 -
第16题：
共用题干
Kicking the Habit
What is a bad habit?The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,almost
without thinking about it,and which has some sort of negative consequence.This consequence could affect
those around us,or it could affect us personally.Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad
habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits,like sucking our thumb,are broken when we are very young.We are either told to
stop doing it by our parents,or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
habit,and we gradually grow out of it.It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in
our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem.Unless we can break that habit early on,it
becomes a part of our life,and becomes"programmed"into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits,it is the
old ways that tend to win,especially in situations where we are rushed,stressed or overworked.Habits that
we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back.During the study programme,the researchers showed
a group of volunteers several pictures,and gave them words to associate with them.They then showed the
volunteers the same pictures again,and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later,the volunteers were given a test.The researchers showed them the pictures,and told
them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one.It came as no surprise that their an-
swers were split between the first set of words and the second.Two weeks later,they were given the same test
again.This time,most of them only gave the first set of. words.They appeared to have completely forgotten
the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.We may
try to change our ways,hut after a while,the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned.The more that response is used,the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond
in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time,our had habits also become automatic,learned behavior.
This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break
them.Even when we try to put new,good intentions into practice,those previously learned habits remain
stronger in more automatic,unconscious forms of memory.If we develop bad habits early in life,they are harder to get rid of.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析：文章第二段讲到，一些早期的习惯，像吮吸手指之类的习惯在我们很小的时候就戒掉 了。并没有说男孩子们在小时候通常会染上坏习惯。故选C。
在文章第二段中，作者指出我们之所以能戒掉早期的坏习惯是因为有父母告诉我们不 要这样做，或者是我们有意或无意地观察到别人都不这样做。文章中并没有说我们戒掉坏习 惯的唯一方法是别人的告知。故选B。
文章第三段讲到，最近一项关于人类记洲忆力的研究表明不管我们如何努力地尝试着改 变坏习惯，坏习惯还是难以戒掉，特别是在我们忙碌，紧张或是过度劳累的时候，我们认为已经 戒掉的坏习惯就会突然跑回来。故选A。
由文章第四段第三句话“It came as no surprise that...“，可知研究者对测试结果毫不奇 怪，在他们意料之中。故选B。
文章第四段讲到，两个星期后，这些被测试者重新做相同的测试。大多数人只能给出 第一组的单词，好像他们完全忘了第二组单词。文章中并未提到被测试者发现第二次测试要 难一些。故选C。
文章倒数第一二段指出，这一研究证实了这一点，我们第一次学到的反应方式在一段时 间后仍然在我们脑海里留下最深印象、尽管我们试图去改变，但一段时间后，首先出现在脑海 的还是我们第一次学到的反应方式。文章中并未提到研究表明对我们最先学习的那些东西做 出反应更加困难。故选C。
文章最后一段讲到，研究表明在一段时间后，坏习惯会变成无章识的习得性行为。这 对那些在年轻时就染上坏习惯而现在想要戒掉的人们来说不是个好消息。也就是说，年轻时 染上的坏习惯很难戒掉。故选A。 -
第17题：
共用题干
Kicking the Habit
What is a bad habit?The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,almost
without thinking about it,and which has some sort of negative consequence.This consequence could affect
those around us,or it could affect us personally.Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad
habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits,like sucking our thumb,are broken when we are very young.We are either told to
stop doing it by our parents,or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
habit,and we gradually grow out of it.It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in
our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem.Unless we can break that habit early on,it
becomes a part of our life,and becomes"programmed"into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits,it is the
old ways that tend to win,especially in situations where we are rushed,stressed or overworked.Habits that
we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back.During the study programme,the researchers showed
a group of volunteers several pictures,and gave them words to associate with them.They then showed the
volunteers the same pictures again,and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later,the volunteers were given a test.The researchers showed them the pictures,and told
them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one.It came as no surprise that their an-
swers were split between the first set of words and the second.Two weeks later,they were given the same test
again.This time,most of them only gave the first set of. words.They appeared to have completely forgotten
the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.We may
try to change our ways,hut after a while,the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned.The more that response is used,the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond
in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time,our had habits also become automatic,learned behavior.
This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break
them.Even when we try to put new,good intentions into practice,those previously learned habits remain
stronger in more automatic,unconscious forms of memory.Researchers were surprised by the answers that the volunteers gave in the first test.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：B解析：文章第二段讲到，一些早期的习惯，像吮吸手指之类的习惯在我们很小的时候就戒掉 了。并没有说男孩子们在小时候通常会染上坏习惯。故选C。
在文章第二段中，作者指出我们之所以能戒掉早期的坏习惯是因为有父母告诉我们不 要这样做，或者是我们有意或无意地观察到别人都不这样做。文章中并没有说我们戒掉坏习 惯的唯一方法是别人的告知。故选B。
文章第三段讲到，最近一项关于人类记洲忆力的研究表明不管我们如何努力地尝试着改 变坏习惯，坏习惯还是难以戒掉，特别是在我们忙碌，紧张或是过度劳累的时候，我们认为已经 戒掉的坏习惯就会突然跑回来。故选A。
由文章第四段第三句话“It came as no surprise that...“，可知研究者对测试结果毫不奇 怪，在他们意料之中。故选B。
文章第四段讲到，两个星期后，这些被测试者重新做相同的测试。大多数人只能给出 第一组的单词，好像他们完全忘了第二组单词。文章中并未提到被测试者发现第二次测试要 难一些。故选C。
文章倒数第一二段指出，这一研究证实了这一点，我们第一次学到的反应方式在一段时 间后仍然在我们脑海里留下最深印象、尽管我们试图去改变，但一段时间后，首先出现在脑海 的还是我们第一次学到的反应方式。文章中并未提到研究表明对我们最先学习的那些东西做 出反应更加困难。故选C。
文章最后一段讲到，研究表明在一段时间后，坏习惯会变成无章识的习得性行为。这 对那些在年轻时就染上坏习惯而现在想要戒掉的人们来说不是个好消息。也就是说，年轻时 染上的坏习惯很难戒掉。故选A。 -
第18题：
共用题干
Kicking the Habit
What is a bad habit?The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,almost
without thinking about it,and which has some sort of negative consequence.This consequence could affect
those around us,or it could affect us personally.Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad
habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits,like sucking our thumb,are broken when we are very young.We are either told to
stop doing it by our parents,or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
habit,and we gradually grow out of it.It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in
our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem.Unless we can break that habit early on,it
becomes a part of our life,and becomnes"programmed"into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits,it is the
old ways that tend to win,especially in situations where we are rushed,stressed or overworked.Habits that
we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back.During the study programme,the researchers showed
a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them.They then showed the
volunteers the same pictures again,and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later,the volunteers were given a test.The researchers showed them the pictures,and told
them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one.It came as no surprise that their
answers were split between the first set of words and the second.Two weeks later,they were given the same
test again.This time,most of them only gave the first set of words.They appeared to have completely forgotten
the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.We may
try to change out ways,but after a while,the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned.The more that response is used,the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to re-
spond in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time,our bad habits also become automatic,learned behaviour.
This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break
them.Even when we try to put new,good intentions into practice,those previously learned habits remain
stronger in more automatic,unconscious forms of memory.Bad habits may return when we are under pressure.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析：文章第二段讲到，一些早期的习惯，像吮吸手指之类的习惯在我们很小的时候就戒掉 了。并没有说男孩子们在小时候通常会染上坏习惯。故选C。
在文章第二段中，作者指出我们之所以能戒除早期的坏习惯是因为有父母告诉我们不 要这样做，或者是我们有意或无意地观察到别人都不这样做。文章中并没有说我们戒除坏习 惯的唯一方法是别人的告知。故选B。
文章第三段第一句话说最近一项关于人类记忆力的研究表明不管我们如何努力地尝 试着改变坏习惯，坏习惯还是难以戒掉，特别是在我们忙碌，紧张或是过度劳累的时候，我们认 为已经戒掉的坏习惯就会突然跑回来。故选A。
由文章第四段第三句话“It came as no surprise that..."，可知研究者对测试结果毫不奇 怪，在他们意料之中。故选B。
文章第四段讲到，两个星期后，这些被测试者重新做相同的测试。他们只能给出第一 组的单词，他们表现出完全忘了第二组单词的样子。文章中并未提到被测试者发现第二次测 试要难一些。故选C。
文章倒数第二段指出，这一研究证实了这一点，我们第一次学到的反应方式在一段时 间后仍然在我们脑海里留下最深印象。尽管我们试图去改变，但一段时间后，首先出现在脑海 的还是我们第一次学到的反应方式。题干中的说法“研究表明对我们最先学习的那些东西做 出反应很困难”没有提及。故选C。
由文章最后一段讲到，研究表明在一段时间后，坏习惯会变成无意识的习得性行为。 这对那些在年轻时就染上坏习惯而现在想要戒掉的人们来说不是个好消息。也就是说，年轻 时染上的坏习惯很难戒掉。故选A。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 -
第19题：
共用题干
Kicking the Habit
What is a bad habit?The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,almost
without thinking about it,and which has some sort of negative consequence.This consequence could affect
those around us,or it could affect us personally.Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad
habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits,like sucking our thumb,are broken when we are very young.We are either told to
stop doing it by our parents,or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
habit,and we gradually grow out of it.It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in
our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem.Unless we can break that habit early on,it
becomes a part of our life,and becomnes"programmed"into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits,it is the
old ways that tend to win,especially in situations where we are rushed,stressed or overworked.Habits that
we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back.During the study programme,the researchers showed
a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them.They then showed the
volunteers the same pictures again,and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later,the volunteers were given a test.The researchers showed them the pictures,and told
them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one.It came as no surprise that their
answers were split between the first set of words and the second.Two weeks later,they were given the same
test again.This time,most of them only gave the first set of words.They appeared to have completely forgotten
the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.We may
try to change out ways,but after a while,the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned.The more that response is used,the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to re-
spond in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time,our bad habits also become automatic,learned behaviour.
This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break
them.Even when we try to put new,good intentions into practice,those previously learned habits remain
stronger in more automatic,unconscious forms of memory.The study suggests that it is more difficult to respond to what we learn first.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：C解析：文章第二段讲到，一些早期的习惯，像吮吸手指之类的习惯在我们很小的时候就戒掉 了。并没有说男孩子们在小时候通常会染上坏习惯。故选C。
在文章第二段中，作者指出我们之所以能戒除早期的坏习惯是因为有父母告诉我们不 要这样做，或者是我们有意或无意地观察到别人都不这样做。文章中并没有说我们戒除坏习 惯的唯一方法是别人的告知。故选B。
文章第三段第一句话说最近一项关于人类记忆力的研究表明不管我们如何努力地尝 试着改变坏习惯，坏习惯还是难以戒掉，特别是在我们忙碌，紧张或是过度劳累的时候，我们认 为已经戒掉的坏习惯就会突然跑回来。故选A。
由文章第四段第三句话“It came as no surprise that..."，可知研究者对测试结果毫不奇 怪，在他们意料之中。故选B。
文章第四段讲到，两个星期后，这些被测试者重新做相同的测试。他们只能给出第一 组的单词，他们表现出完全忘了第二组单词的样子。文章中并未提到被测试者发现第二次测 试要难一些。故选C。
文章倒数第二段指出，这一研究证实了这一点，我们第一次学到的反应方式在一段时 间后仍然在我们脑海里留下最深印象。尽管我们试图去改变，但一段时间后，首先出现在脑海 的还是我们第一次学到的反应方式。题干中的说法“研究表明对我们最先学习的那些东西做 出反应很困难”没有提及。故选C。
由文章最后一段讲到，研究表明在一段时间后，坏习惯会变成无意识的习得性行为。 这对那些在年轻时就染上坏习惯而现在想要戒掉的人们来说不是个好消息。也就是说，年轻 时染上的坏习惯很难戒掉。故选A。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 -
第20题：
共用题干
Kicking the Habit
What is a bad habit?The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,almost
without thinking about it,and which has some sort of negative consequence.This consequence could affect
those around us,or it could affect us personally.Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad
habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits,like sucking our thumb,are broken when we are very young.We are either told to
stop doing it by our parents,or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
habit,and we gradually grow out of it.It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in
our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem.Unless we can break that habit early on,it
becomes a part of our life,and becomnes"programmed"into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits,it is the
old ways that tend to win,especially in situations where we are rushed,stressed or overworked.Habits that
we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back.During the study programme,the researchers showed
a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them.They then showed the
volunteers the same pictures again,and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later,the volunteers were given a test.The researchers showed them the pictures,and told
them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one.It came as no surprise that their
answers were split between the first set of words and the second.Two weeks later,they were given the same
test again.This time,most of them only gave the first set of words.They appeared to have completely forgotten
the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.We may
try to change out ways,but after a while,the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned.The more that response is used,the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to re-
spond in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time,our bad habits also become automatic,learned behaviour.
This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break
them.Even when we try to put new,good intentions into practice,those previously learned habits remain
stronger in more automatic,unconscious forms of memory.The volunteers found the test more difficult when they did it the second time.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：C解析：文章第二段讲到，一些早期的习惯，像吮吸手指之类的习惯在我们很小的时候就戒掉 了。并没有说男孩子们在小时候通常会染上坏习惯。故选C。
在文章第二段中，作者指出我们之所以能戒除早期的坏习惯是因为有父母告诉我们不 要这样做，或者是我们有意或无意地观察到别人都不这样做。文章中并没有说我们戒除坏习 惯的唯一方法是别人的告知。故选B。
文章第三段第一句话说最近一项关于人类记忆力的研究表明不管我们如何努力地尝 试着改变坏习惯，坏习惯还是难以戒掉，特别是在我们忙碌，紧张或是过度劳累的时候，我们认 为已经戒掉的坏习惯就会突然跑回来。故选A。
由文章第四段第三句话“It came as no surprise that..."，可知研究者对测试结果毫不奇 怪，在他们意料之中。故选B。
文章第四段讲到，两个星期后，这些被测试者重新做相同的测试。他们只能给出第一 组的单词，他们表现出完全忘了第二组单词的样子。文章中并未提到被测试者发现第二次测 试要难一些。故选C。
文章倒数第二段指出，这一研究证实了这一点，我们第一次学到的反应方式在一段时 间后仍然在我们脑海里留下最深印象。尽管我们试图去改变，但一段时间后，首先出现在脑海 的还是我们第一次学到的反应方式。题干中的说法“研究表明对我们最先学习的那些东西做 出反应很困难”没有提及。故选C。
由文章最后一段讲到，研究表明在一段时间后，坏习惯会变成无意识的习得性行为。 这对那些在年轻时就染上坏习惯而现在想要戒掉的人们来说不是个好消息。也就是说，年轻 时染上的坏习惯很难戒掉。故选A。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 -
第21题：
In Money Everything
I don’t think money is everything,but we can’t do without it.Fox example,money can’t buy us happiness and a good education.And for another example,money can’t buy us good health and a long life.But we can not live without money.We need it for our daily necessities such as food,clothes and transportation.What’s more,we need it to live a better life.In short,we should learn the value of money and make the most of its advantages.答案：解析：For this part,you are allowed 20 minutes to write a composition of about 80 words according to the following topic.金钱是一切吗 (Is Money Everything ) -
第22题：
Overcoming Difficulties ① Life is full of difficulties and obstacles, from birth to death. At times, Life seems like a hurdle race. We are sure of encountering hurdles, but almost always we are taken by surprise. It is necessary to accept that life in general is full of difficulties and adversities. This recognition is the first step. When faced with problems, we often feel, "I am the only one having such problems" Or, we tend to exaggerate our problems and regard them as most complex, most painful，and as an extreme case. But if we look around us, we find people in much worse conditions. As St. Augustine said, "I cried for boots, till I saw a man who had no legs." ② When faced with difficulties, we either complain or seek to dodge them. We behave like as ostrich in the desert. It is said that when there is a storm in the desert, the ostrich buries his head in the sand-hoping that the storm will go away if he ignores it-and finally gets buried under a heap of sand and dies. Some of us choose to pretend that the problems do not exist. We fail to realize that confronting and solving the problem-no painful the process-makes us grow. ③ Accept the woes of birth. It has many implied meanings. First, it means "accepting," i.e., being able to say that it is "my" problem and it is up to me to solve it. Many times we find ourselves putting the blame on others-parents, society or the circumstances of life. Nothing happens by chance, but all is the result of our past actions. There are times when what is needed is patience. We seek to come out of an unpleasant situation quickly. We must understand that if the cause had been operating for a long time, the effect also would last long-as even when the gas has been turned off, the burner remains hot for a long time. Similarly, we expect quick results; having put in the effort, we must be willing to wait. Patient acceptance of what is due to us makes us makes us take a step further in our development. ④ Once we have learnt to deal with a difficulty, the next time we encounter it, it ceases to be a difficulty. But, more often than not the cause of the problem is internal, i.e., within us, and often, it calls for a change. Often the difficulty is solved when we are willing to change—our way of thinking, our feelings, our likes and dislikes—and ready to adapt or adjust ourselves to a problematic situation or a person in life. We must realize that realize that change is inevitable, and always be mentally prepared for it. ⑤ Not all life's problems are such that they need to be dealt with all at once. Sometimes it is possible to take a step and wait for a long time. For instance, if the tap is leaking then we need to call a plumber as soon as we can. But having called him and having found that he can come only the following morning, we should wait patiently for the next 24 hours. In this period, people can get very anxious and go on talking about it to others. There are many such problems in life. It′s of great necessity to accept that life in general is full of（）
- A、seek to dodge them
- B、immediate reaction
- C、waiting for a long time
- D、difficulties and adversities
- E、very anxious
- F、on others
正确答案:D -
第23题：
单选题Overcoming Difficulties ① Life is full of difficulties and obstacles, from birth to death. At times, Life seems like a hurdle race. We are sure of encountering hurdles, but almost always we are taken by surprise. It is necessary to accept that life in general is full of difficulties and adversities. This recognition is the first step. When faced with problems, we often feel, "I am the only one having such problems" Or, we tend to exaggerate our problems and regard them as most complex, most painful，and as an extreme case. But if we look around us, we find people in much worse conditions. As St. Augustine said, "I cried for boots, till I saw a man who had no legs." ② When faced with difficulties, we either complain or seek to dodge them. We behave like as ostrich in the desert. It is said that when there is a storm in the desert, the ostrich buries his head in the sand-hoping that the storm will go away if he ignores it-and finally gets buried under a heap of sand and dies. Some of us choose to pretend that the problems do not exist. We fail to realize that confronting and solving the problem-no painful the process-makes us grow. ③ Accept the woes of birth. It has many implied meanings. First, it means "accepting," i.e., being able to say that it is "my" problem and it is up to me to solve it. Many times we find ourselves putting the blame on others-parents, society or the circumstances of life. Nothing happens by chance, but all is the result of our past actions. There are times when what is needed is patience. We seek to come out of an unpleasant situation quickly. We must understand that if the cause had been operating for a long time, the effect also would last long-as even when the gas has been turned off, the burner remains hot for a long time. Similarly, we expect quick results; having put in the effort, we must be willing to wait. Patient acceptance of what is due to us makes us makes us take a step further in our development. ④ Once we have learnt to deal with a difficulty, the next time we encounter it, it ceases to be a difficulty. But, more often than not the cause of the problem is internal, i.e., within us, and often, it calls for a change. Often the difficulty is solved when we are willing to change—our way of thinking, our feelings, our likes and dislikes—and ready to adapt or adjust ourselves to a problematic situation or a person in life. We must realize that realize that change is inevitable, and always be mentally prepared for it. ⑤ Not all life's problems are such that they need to be dealt with all at once. Sometimes it is possible to take a step and wait for a long time. For instance, if the tap is leaking then we need to call a plumber as soon as we can. But having called him and having found that he can come only the following morning, we should wait patiently for the next 24 hours. In this period, people can get very anxious and go on talking about it to others. There are many such problems in life. We often put our problems（）Aseek to dodge them
Bimmediate reaction
Cwaiting for a long time
Ddifficulties and adversities
Every anxious
Fon others
正确答案： F解析： 本题根据原文第三段第四句Many times we find… of life可得出答案。答案为F。 -
第24题：
问答题Practice 6 None of us can afford to be complacent about our command of English. For most of the time, of course, there is no problem: we are dealing with family and friends on everyday affairs; and what is more, we are usually talking to them, not writing. It is in ordinary talk to ordinary people on ordinary matters that we are most at home, linguistically and otherwise. And fortunately, this is the situation that accounts for the overwhelming majority of our needs in the use of English. Problems arise as soon as the context is somewhat out of the ordinary. We suddenly need to address a cousin about the death of her husband; or we are writing to our employer to explain temporary absence; composing the minutes of a particularly delicate committee meeting; even just drafting an announcement to pin on the club notice board. This is when we may—or should—pause and wonder about idiom, good usage, the most appropriate way of putting things. There is the risk of sounding too casual, too colloquial, too flippant. There is the converse risk of seeming ponderous, distant, pompous, unnatural; of using an expression which, instead of striking a resonant note, falls flat as a hackneyed cliché.正确答案： 【参考译文】
我们谁都不能对自己所掌握的英语洋洋自得。当然,许多时候,不会有什么问题:我们每天见的不过是些家人朋友,而且,我们一般都是口头说,而不是动笔写。见些平常人,说些平常话,讲些平常事,这个时候,我们最为轻松自如,无论是使用语言,还是沉默无语。所幸的是,绝大多数人使用语言,遇到的不过是这样的情况。
一旦情况和平常不大一样,就会出现问题。譬如,表姐的丈夫去世,我们突然需要向她表示慰问;或者,我们临时缺席,需要向老板陈述理由;或者,委员会会议议题非常敏感,我们需要整理写出会议记录;甚至我们不过是要起草个通知,亮在俱乐部的通知板上。这个时候,我们可能会,也应当会停下来想一想,找些习语和好的说法,找出最合乎时宜的表达方式。如果听上去太随意,太白话,太轻率,就有问题。然而反过来说,如果看上去思虑过多,不够贴近,言语浮夸,不够自然,也会有问题。或者有些说法,没有让人引起共鸣,却是陈词滥调,平淡无味,自然也是问题。解析： 暂无解析