单选题The author believes that Freud’s power of imagination ______.A is based on his writing techniquesB stems from analogy and metaphorC is related to his writing skills and living backgroundD has much to do with his austere terminologies

Why Have Formal Documents?First, writing g the decisions down is essential． Only when one writes do the gaps appear and the（ ）protrude（突出）． The act of writing tums out to require hundreds of mini-decisions, and it is the existence of these that distinguishes clear, exact policies from fuzzy ones． Second, the documents will communicate the decisions to others． The manager will be continually amazed that policies he took for common knowledge are totally unknown by some member of his team． Since his fundamental job is to keep everybody going in the （ ）direction, his chief daily task will be communication, not decision-making, and his documents will be immensely （ ） this load．Finally, a manager's documents give him a data base and checklist． By reviewing them（请作答此空） he sees where he is, and he sees what changes of emphasis or shifts in direction are needed． The task of the manager is to develop a plan and then to realize it． But only the written plan is precise and communicable． Such a pl an consists of documents on what, when, how much,where, and who． This small set of critical documents （ ）much of the managerr's work．If their comprehensive and critical nature is recognized in the-l' beginning, the managercan approach them as friendly tools rather than annoying busywork． He will set his direction much more crisply and quickly by doing so．

A.periodically
B.occasionally
C.infrequently
D.rarely

There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling.No?school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill.There?are,however,vastly different ideas about how to teach it,or how much priority it must be given?over general language development and writing ability.The problem is,how to encourage a child to?express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of?spelling.
If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher′s interest,clearly a bright child will be likely?to"play safe".He will tend to write only words within his spelling range,choosing to avoid adventurous?language.That′s why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content?rather than technical ability.
I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience:"This work is terrible!There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible(难以辨认的)."It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil′s technical abilities in writing,but it?was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay,which contained some?beautiful expressions of the child′s deep feelings.The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the
errors,but if his priorities had centred on the child′s idea,an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.

The writer seems to think that the teacher′s judgement on that sensitive piece of writing?is__________.

A.reasonable
B.unfair
C.foolish
D.careless

Popular British author,Charles Dickens′（1812--1870）family could hardly make ends meet.They could only afford to send one of their six children to school.Dickens was not that child.His parents chose to send a daughter,who had a talent for music,to an academy.Then at the age of 12,Dickens′life took another turn for the worse.
His father,a clerk,was placed in prison for unpaid debts.And,being the oldest male left at home,Dickens took up work at a factory.His horrible experience there became the fuel for his future writing.His father was freed three months later and inherited a small amount of money.Dickens was then sent to school.
From 1836 to 1837,he wrote a monthly series of stories.Thus The Pickwick,Papers,came into being,which brought fame to him.
Throughout his career,Dickens covers various situations in his novels.He wrote about the miserable lives of the poor in Oliver Twist,the French Revolution in Tale of Two Cities,and social reform in Hard Times.He also wrote David Copperfield,a book thought to be modeled on his own life.
"I do not write bitterly or angrily,for I know all these things have worked together to make me what I am,"he once said.His difficult childhood did indeed shape the person he became,as well as his writing career.There are shades of young Dickens in many of his most beloved characters,including David Copperfield and Oliver Twist.
Like the author,all these characters come from poor beginnings and are able to rise above their setbacks and achieve success."Minds,like bodies,will often fall into an ill-conditioned state from too much comfort,"he once wrote.On June 9th,1870,aged 58,Dickens died,leaving one unfinished work.The words on his tombstone read:"He was a sympathizer to the poor,the suffering and the oppressed,and by his death,one of England′s greatest writers is lost to the world."

The underlined word"shades"in the passage means

A.symbols
B.examples
C.signs
D.reminders

共用题干
Spelling and Writing
There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling.No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill.
There are , however , vastly different ideas about how to teach it , or how much priority（优先）it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is,how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?
If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher's interest,clearly a bright child will be likely to"play safe".He will tend to write only words within his spelling range,choosing to avoid adventurous language .That's why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.
I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal ex- perience:"This work is terrible!There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible（难以辨认的）."It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil's technical abilities in writing,but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay,which contamned some beautiful expressions of the child's deep feelings.The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors,but if his priorities had centered on the child's ideas,an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.

The expression"play safe"probably means"______".
A: to rflte carefully
B: to do as teachers say
C: to use dictionaries frequently
D: to avoid using words one is not sure of

Popular British author,Charles Dickens′（1812--1870）family could hardly make ends meet.They could only afford to send one of their six children to school.Dickens was not that child.His parents chose to send a daughter,who had a talent for music,to an academy.Then at the age of 12,Dickens′life took another turn for the worse.
His father,a clerk,was placed in prison for unpaid debts.And,being the oldest male left at home,Dickens took up work at a factory.His horrible experience there became the fuel for his future writing.His father was freed three months later and inherited a small amount of money.Dickens was then sent to school.
From 1836 to 1837,he wrote a monthly series of stories.Thus The Pickwick,Papers,came into being,which brought fame to him.
Throughout his career,Dickens covers various situations in his novels.He wrote about the miserable lives of the poor in Oliver Twist,the French Revolution in Tale of Two Cities,and social reform in Hard Times.He also wrote David Copperfield,a book thought to be modeled on his own life.
"I do not write bitterly or angrily,for I know all these things have worked together to make me what I am,"he once said.His difficult childhood did indeed shape the person he became,as well as his writing career.There are shades of young Dickens in many of his most beloved characters,including David Copperfield and Oliver Twist.
Like the author,all these characters come from poor beginnings and are able to rise above their setbacks and achieve success."Minds,like bodies,will often fall into an ill-conditioned state from too much comfort,"he once wrote.On June 9th,1870,aged 58,Dickens died,leaving one unfinished work.The words on his tombstone read:"He was a sympathizer to the poor,the suffering and the oppressed,and by his death,one of England′s greatest writers is lost to the world."

How did Dickens see his childhood?

A.He felt grateful for it.
B.He felt it a pity that things weren't in his favor.
C.He loved writing about it.
D.He chose to forget the bitterness about it.

Which of the following best states the author’s attitude toward the information that scholars have gathered about Proust’s writing in 1909？( )

A.The author is disappointed that no new documents have come to light since Fallois’speculations.
B.The author is dissatisfied because there are too many gaps and inconsistencies in the drafts.
C.The author is confident that Fallois’s 1954 guess has been proved largely correct，but regrets that still more detailed documentation concerning Proust’s transition from the essay to the novel has not emerged.
D.The author is satisfied that the facts of Proust’s life in 1909 have been thoroughly established，but believes such documents as drafts and correspondence are only of limited value in a critical assessment of Proust’s writing.