单选题Studies show that the average woman ______.A sleeps less than the average manB sleeps longer when she goes out to workC has difficulty in getting to sleepD sleeps over eight hours a night

Everybody sleeps,but what people stay up late to catch—or wake up early in order not to miss—varies by culture.From
data collected,it seems the things that cause us to lose the most sleep,on average,are sporting events,time changes,and
holidays.Around the world,people changed sleep patterns thanks to the start or end of daylight savings time.Russians,for
example,began to wake up about a half hour later each day after President Vladimir Putin shifted the country permanently to“winter time”starting on October 26.
Russia’s other late nights and early mornings generally correspond to public holidays.On New Year’s Eve,Russians have the world’s latest bedtime,hitting the hay at around 3:30 am.Russians also get up an hour later on International Women’s
Day,the day for treating and celebrating female relatives.
Similarly,Americans’late nights late mornings,and longest sleeps fall on three-day weekends.Canada got the least sleep of the year the night it beat Sweden in the Olympic hockey final.
The World Cup is also chiefly responsible for sleep deprivation,the worst night for sleep in the U.K.was the night of the
England-Italy match on June 14.Brits stayed up a half-hour later to watch it,and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning thanks to summer nights,the phenomenon in which the sun barely sets in northern countries in the summertime.That was nothing,though,compared to Germans,Italians,and the French,who stayed up around an hour and a half later on
various days throughout the summer to watch the Cup.
It should be made clear that not everyone has a device to record their sleep patterns,in some of these nations,it’s likely
that only the richest people do.And people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person.
Even if that’s the case,though,the above findings are still striking,if the most health-conscious among us have such deep
swings in our shut-eye levels throughout the year,how much sleep are the rest of us losing

What do we learn about the Russians regarding sleep 《》（）

A.They don’t fall asleep until very late.
B.They don’t sleep much on weekends.
C.They get less sleep on public holidays.
D.They sleep longer than people elsewhere.

Studies have shown that the stature of an average Japanese has surpassed that of an average Chinese.

A:weight
B:height
C:life span
D:size

Text 1 In an essay entitled“Making It in America”,the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated:The average mill has only two employees today,“a man and a dog.The man is there to feed the dog,and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson's article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middleclass incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution,which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past,workers with average skills,doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle.But，today，average is officially over.Being average just won't earn you what it used to.It can't when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor,cheap robotics,cheap software,cheap automation and cheap genius.Therefore,everyone needs to find their extra—their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes,new technology has been eating jobs forever,and always will.But there's been acceleration.As Davidson notes,“In the 10 years ending in 2009,U.S.factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years;roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs—about 6 million in total—disappeared.”There will always be change—new jobs,new products,new services.But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T.revolution,the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over,there are many things we need to do to support employment,but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to posthigh school education.
Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?

A.New Law Takes Effect
B.Technology Goes Cheap
C.Average Is Over
D.Recession Is Bad

共用题干
第一篇

On Sleep

Baekeland and Hartmann report that the"short sleepers"had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens.But at about age 15 or so,the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school,work,and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.
In general,these"short sleeps"appeared ambitious,active,energetic,cheerful,conformist（不动摇）in their opinions,and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once,or worked full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear"normal"or" acceptable"to their friends and associates.
When asked to recall their dreams,the "short sleepers" did poorly.More than this,they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion,their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed,and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble
would go away.
The sleep patterns of the"short sleepers"were similar to,but less extreme than,sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic（疯人）.
The"long sleepers"were quite different indeed.Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood.They seemed to enjoy their sleep,protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the"short sleepers."
Many of the "long sleepers" were shy, anxious , introverted（内向）,inhibited（压抑）,passive, mildly depressed,and unsure of themselves(particularly in social situations).Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.

According to the report,________.
A:many short sleepers need less sleep by nature
B:many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because they are busy with their work
C:long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the day
D:many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood

共用题干
第一篇

On Sleep

Baekeland and Hartmann report that the"short sleepers"had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens.But at about age 15 or so,the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school,work,and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.
In general,these"short sleeps"appeared ambitious,active,energetic,cheerful,conformist（不动摇）in their opinions,and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once,or worked full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear"normal"or" acceptable"to their friends and associates.
When asked to recall their dreams,the "short sleepers" did poorly.More than this,they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion,their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed,and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble
would go away.
The sleep patterns of the"short sleepers"were similar to,but less extreme than,sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic（疯人）.
The"long sleepers"were quite different indeed.Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood.They seemed to enjoy their sleep,protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the"short sleepers."
Many of the "long sleepers" were shy, anxious , introverted（内向）,inhibited（压抑）,passive, mildly depressed,and unsure of themselves(particularly in social situations).Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.

When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep,the long sleepers might________.
A:appear disturbed
B:become energetic
C:feel dissatisfied
D:be extremely depressed

共用题干
Sleeping

People who sleep for more than eight hours a night do not live as long as those who
sleep for six hours,according to the biggest study yet into sleep patterns and mortality（死
亡率）.
Scientists have no explanation for the findings and do not know if they mean people who
like a lie-in（睡懒觉）can extend their lives by sleeping less.
Although it is a common belief that sleeping for at least eight hours a night is vital for
health and well-being,the six-year study involving more than 1.1 million Americans older
than 30 found that those who slept for less than eight hours were far from doing themselves
any long-term harm.
"Individuals who now average 6.5 hours of sleep a night can be reassured that this is a
safe amount of sleep.From a health standpoint,there is no reason to sleep longer,"said
Daniel Kripke , a professor of psychiatry（精神病学）at the University of California, San
Diego.
Dr. Kripke said,"We don't know if long sleep periods lead to death.Additional studies
are needed to determine if setting your alarm clock earlier will actually improve your health."
The scientists,who were funded by the American Cancer Society,found that the best
survival rates were among the men and women who slept for seven hours a night.Those
who slept for eight hours were 12 per cent more likely to die during the six-year period of the
study,when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.
Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed lived longer than those who slept
eight or more hours.However,an increasing death rate was found among those who slept
for less than five hours.
Dr. Kripke said,"Previous sleep studies have indicated that both short-and long-duration
（持续时间）sleep had higher mortality rates. However, none of those studies were large
enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night,until now."

Most of the participants slept for 7 hours a night during the study.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
Sleeping

People who sleep for more than eight hours a night do not live as long as those who
sleep for six hours,according to the biggest study yet into sleep patterns and mortality（死
亡率）.
Scientists have no explanation for the findings and do not know if they mean people who
like a lie-in（睡懒觉）can extend their lives by sleeping less.
Although it is a common belief that sleeping for at least eight hours a night is vital for
health and well-being,the six-year study involving more than 1.1 million Americans older
than 30 found that those who slept for less than eight hours were far from doing themselves
any long-term harm.
"Individuals who now average 6.5 hours of sleep a night can be reassured that this is a
safe amount of sleep.From a health standpoint,there is no reason to sleep longer,"said
Daniel Kripke , a professor of psychiatry（精神病学）at the University of California, San
Diego.
Dr. Kripke said,"We don't know if long sleep periods lead to death.Additional studies
are needed to determine if setting your alarm clock earlier will actually improve your health."
The scientists,who were funded by the American Cancer Society,found that the best
survival rates were among the men and women who slept for seven hours a night.Those
who slept for eight hours were 12 per cent more likely to die during the six-year period of the
study,when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.
Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed lived longer than those who slept
eight or more hours.However,an increasing death rate was found among those who slept
for less than five hours.
Dr. Kripke said,"Previous sleep studies have indicated that both short-and long-duration
（持续时间）sleep had higher mortality rates. However, none of those studies were large
enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night,until now."

The study shows that the longer you sleep each night,the longer you'll live.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
Sleeping

People who sleep for more than eight hours a night do not live as long as those who
sleep for six hours,according to the biggest study yet into sleep patterns and mortality（死
亡率）.
Scientists have no explanation for the findings and do not know if they mean people who
like a lie-in（睡懒觉）can extend their lives by sleeping less.
Although it is a common belief that sleeping for at least eight hours a night is vital for
health and well-being,the six-year study involving more than 1.1 million Americans older
than 30 found that those who slept for less than eight hours were far from doing themselves
any long-term harm.
"Individuals who now average 6.5 hours of sleep a night can be reassured that this is a
safe amount of sleep.From a health standpoint,there is no reason to sleep longer,"said
Daniel Kripke , a professor of psychiatry（精神病学）at the University of California, San
Diego.
Dr. Kripke said,"We don't know if long sleep periods lead to death.Additional studies
are needed to determine if setting your alarm clock earlier will actually improve your health."
The scientists,who were funded by the American Cancer Society,found that the best
survival rates were among the men and women who slept for seven hours a night.Those
who slept for eight hours were 12 per cent more likely to die during the six-year period of the
study,when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.
Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed lived longer than those who slept
eight or more hours.However,an increasing death rate was found among those who slept
for less than five hours.
Dr. Kripke said,"Previous sleep studies have indicated that both short-and long-duration
（持续时间）sleep had higher mortality rates. However, none of those studies were large
enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night,until now."

All the participants were from the state of California.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

Everybody sleeps,but what people stay up late to catch—or wake up early in order not to miss—varies by culture.From
data collected,it seems the things that cause us to lose the most sleep,on average,are sporting events,time changes,and
holidays.Around the world,people changed sleep patterns thanks to the start or end of daylight savings time.Russians,for
example,began to wake up about a half hour later each day after President Vladimir Putin shifted the country permanently to“winter time”starting on October 26.
Russia’s other late nights and early mornings generally correspond to public holidays.On New Year’s Eve,Russians have the world’s latest bedtime,hitting the hay at around 3:30 am.Russians also get up an hour later on International Women’s
Day,the day for treating and celebrating female relatives.
Similarly,Americans’late nights late mornings,and longest sleeps fall on three-day weekends.Canada got the least sleep of the year the night it beat Sweden in the Olympic hockey final.
The World Cup is also chiefly responsible for sleep deprivation,the worst night for sleep in the U.K.was the night of the
England-Italy match on June 14.Brits stayed up a half-hour later to watch it,and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning thanks to summer nights,the phenomenon in which the sun barely sets in northern countries in the summertime.That was nothing,though,compared to Germans,Italians,and the French,who stayed up around an hour and a half later on
various days throughout the summer to watch the Cup.
It should be made clear that not everyone has a device to record their sleep patterns,in some of these nations,it’s likely
that only the richest people do.And people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person.
Even if that’s the case,though,the above findings are still striking,if the most health-conscious among us have such deep
swings in our shut-eye levels throughout the year,how much sleep are the rest of us losing

How does Alan Blinder portray Yellen 《》（）

A.She possesses strong persuasive power.
B.She has confidence in what she is doing.
C.She is one of the world’s greatest economists.
D.She is the most powerful Fed chief in history.

Passage Two
The thought of not sleeping for twenty-four hours or more is not a pleasant one for most people．The amount of sleep that each person needs varies．In general,each of us needs about eight hours of sleep each day to keep our bodies healthy and happy．Some people,however,can get by just a few hours of sleep at night．
It doesn't matter when or how much a person sleeps．But everyone needs some rest to stay alive．Few doctors would have thought that there might be an exception on this．Sleep is,after all,a very basic need．But a man named AI Herpin turned out to be a real exception,for supposedly,he never slept!
A1 Herpin was 90 years old when doctors came to his home in New Jersey．They hoped to negate the claims that he never slept．But they were surprised．Though they watched him every hour of the day,they never saw Herpin sleeping．He did not even own a bed．He never needed one．
The closest that Herpin came to resting was to sit in a rocking chair and read a half dozen news-papers．His doctors were baffled by this strange case of permanent insomnia．Herpin offered the only clue to his condition．He remembered some talk about his mother having been injured several days be-fore he had been born．Herpin died at the age of 94,never having slept a wink．

This passage centers on______

A.dream interpretation
B.patterns of sleep
C.A1 Herpin's sleepless life
D.sleeps and dreams

Text 1 In an essay entitled“Making It in America”,the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated:The average mill has only two employees today,“a man and a dog.The man is there to feed the dog,and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson's article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middleclass incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution,which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past,workers with average skills,doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle.But，today，average is officially over.Being average just won't earn you what it used to.It can't when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor,cheap robotics,cheap software,cheap automation and cheap genius.Therefore,everyone needs to find their extra—their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes,new technology has been eating jobs forever,and always will.But there's been acceleration.As Davidson notes,“In the 10 years ending in 2009,U.S.factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years;roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs—about 6 million in total—disappeared.”There will always be change—new jobs,new products,new services.But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T.revolution,the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over,there are many things we need to do to support employment,but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to posthigh school education.
The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that_____

A.gains of technology have been erased
B.job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed
C.factories are making much less money than before
D.new jobs and services have been offered

共用题干
第一篇

On Sleep

Baekeland and Hartmann report that the"short sleepers"had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens.But at about age 15 or so,the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school,work,and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.
In general,these"short sleeps"appeared ambitious,active,energetic,cheerful,conformist（不动摇）in their opinions,and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once,or worked full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear"normal"or" acceptable"to their friends and associates.
When asked to recall their dreams,the "short sleepers" did poorly.More than this,they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion,their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed,and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble
would go away.
The sleep patterns of the"short sleepers"were similar to,but less extreme than,sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic（疯人）.
The"long sleepers"were quite different indeed.Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood.They seemed to enjoy their sleep,protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the"short sleepers."
Many of the "long sleepers" were shy, anxious , introverted（内向）,inhibited（压抑）,passive, mildly depressed,and unsure of themselves(particularly in social situations).Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.

Which of the following is NOT included in the passage?
A:If one sleeps inadequately,his performance suffers and his memory is weakened.
B:The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the same as those shown by many mental patients.
C:Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleep.
D:Short sleepers would be better off with more rest.

Power Napping is Good f the I.Q.



Today we hear me me about the imptance of getting enoughsleep—about eight hours a night. Sleep can help heal give energy toboth the body the brain. ____1____ It seems almost certain that the thirdof our lives that we spend asleep has a great effect on the two-thirds that weare awake. Sleep affects our emotions, memy, focus, behavi.



Studies show that people in developed countries spend less timeasleep me time at wk commuting. Dr. Karine Spiegel, at theUniversity of Chicago, has found that the average length of sleep has gone downfrom nine hours a night in 1910 to seven--a-half hours a night today.However, our bodies cannot function well without enough sleep. ____2____Accding to Canadian scientist Dr. Stanley Cen, every hour of lost sleep at nightcauses us to lose one I.Q. point the next day. F example, when someone getsonly five six hours of sleep each night f a week, the person’s I.Q. couldgo down 15 points me. ____3____



Most sleep experts say that humans need at least eight hours ofsleep every day, but it should be in two stages: a long sleep at night ashter nap in the afternoon. Some companies help their employees follow thisadvice. ____4____ They say this makes the wkers much me efficient.



To study sleep deprivation (not getting enough sleep), scientistsuse a test called the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT). During the test, aperson stays in a darkened, quiet room during the daytime. Scientists believethat a sleep-deprived person will fall asleep quickly. If it takes ten minutes longer to fall asleep, the person is probably getting enough sleep.



Scientists have also found that the time of year seems to affect howmuch sleep we need. ____5____ However, in the summer, people sometimes sleep aslittle as six hours, without having any problems.



　　词汇：



emotion n. 情绪



commuting n. 乘公交车上下班，通勤



I.Q. n. 智商(全称为intelligent quotient)



deprivation n. 剥夺，匮乏



Sleep Latency Test n. 睡眠潜伏期



　　注释：



1.have/has an effect on... 对……有效果的



2.go down from... to...从………降至……


　　练习：

A.They allow them to “power nap” in the afternoon, if only f 20 minutes.

B.Losing just one two hours of sleep a night, over a long period oftime, can cause serious health problems.

C.People usually sleep longer in the winter, sometimes as much as 14hours a night.

D.People in power are me intelligent because they take naps.


E.Medical experts now believe that sleep is even me imptant fhealth than diet exercise.


F.That’s why, without enough sleep, a nmally intelligent person may startto have difficulty doing daily tasks.

共用题干
Sleeping

People who sleep for more than eight hours a night do not live as long as those who
sleep for six hours,according to the biggest study yet into sleep patterns and mortality（死
亡率）.
Scientists have no explanation for the findings and do not know if they mean people who
like a lie-in（睡懒觉）can extend their lives by sleeping less.
Although it is a common belief that sleeping for at least eight hours a night is vital for
health and well-being,the six-year study involving more than 1.1 million Americans older
than 30 found that those who slept for less than eight hours were far from doing themselves
any long-term harm.
"Individuals who now average 6.5 hours of sleep a night can be reassured that this is a
safe amount of sleep.From a health standpoint,there is no reason to sleep longer,"said
Daniel Kripke , a professor of psychiatry（精神病学）at the University of California, San
Diego.
Dr. Kripke said,"We don't know if long sleep periods lead to death.Additional studies
are needed to determine if setting your alarm clock earlier will actually improve your health."
The scientists,who were funded by the American Cancer Society,found that the best
survival rates were among the men and women who slept for seven hours a night.Those
who slept for eight hours were 12 per cent more likely to die during the six-year period of the
study,when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.
Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed lived longer than those who slept
eight or more hours.However,an increasing death rate was found among those who slept
for less than five hours.
Dr. Kripke said,"Previous sleep studies have indicated that both short-and long-duration
（持续时间）sleep had higher mortality rates. However, none of those studies were large
enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night,until now."

Sleeping for less than 5 hours each night is better than sleeping for 5 hours.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
Sleeping

People who sleep for more than eight hours a night do not live as long as those who
sleep for six hours,according to the biggest study yet into sleep patterns and mortality（死
亡率）.
Scientists have no explanation for the findings and do not know if they mean people who
like a lie-in（睡懒觉）can extend their lives by sleeping less.
Although it is a common belief that sleeping for at least eight hours a night is vital for
health and well-being,the six-year study involving more than 1.1 million Americans older
than 30 found that those who slept for less than eight hours were far from doing themselves
any long-term harm.
"Individuals who now average 6.5 hours of sleep a night can be reassured that this is a
safe amount of sleep.From a health standpoint,there is no reason to sleep longer,"said
Daniel Kripke , a professor of psychiatry（精神病学）at the University of California, San
Diego.
Dr. Kripke said,"We don't know if long sleep periods lead to death.Additional studies
are needed to determine if setting your alarm clock earlier will actually improve your health."
The scientists,who were funded by the American Cancer Society,found that the best
survival rates were among the men and women who slept for seven hours a night.Those
who slept for eight hours were 12 per cent more likely to die during the six-year period of the
study,when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.
Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed lived longer than those who slept
eight or more hours.However,an increasing death rate was found among those who slept
for less than five hours.
Dr. Kripke said,"Previous sleep studies have indicated that both short-and long-duration
（持续时间）sleep had higher mortality rates. However, none of those studies were large
enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night,until now."

More than one million Americans participated in the six-year study.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned