单选题Dr. Hartmann is mentioned in the passage ______.A as the opponent of Dr. Ian OswaldB because he has strange sleeping habitsC as the pioneering sleep scientistD because of his observation and analysis of sleep habits
题目
单选题
Dr. Hartmann is mentioned in the passage ______.
A
as the opponent of Dr. Ian Oswald
B
because he has strange sleeping habits
C
as the pioneering sleep scientist
D
because of his observation and analysis of sleep habits
相似考题
更多“单选题Dr. Hartmann is mentioned in the passage ______.A as the opponent of Dr. Ian OswaldB because he has strange sleeping habitsC as the pioneering sleep scientistD because of his observation and analysis of sleep habits”相关问题
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第1题：
共用题干
第二篇
Sleep Deficit
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流
行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less
sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably
be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a
century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scien-
tists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best
sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was
dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8
hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even
realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,
when they really need 7.5,eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever
pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive
item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5hours'
sleep.If you'ye got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-
logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage
read to them only minutes earlier."We'ye found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says
Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had_______.
A:no drive and ambition
B:the best sleep habits
C:no electric light
D:nothing to do in the evening答案：C解析：文章第二段第一句说：睡眠不足始于一个世纪前电灯的发明。第三句说：良好的睡眠 习惯是强加于人的，晚上天黑，地里无法干活。由此可以推断出，C项符合题意。
本题为推理判断题。在文章第二段后半部分David博士直接提出：人们在睡眠问题上 自己欺骗自己，而且他们根本没有意识到这一点。由此可以推断出美国人也经常忽略睡眠不 足产生的后果。故选B。
文章第三段第二句话说：只要来自工作、家庭、朋友或社会的压力增加了，许多人就认 为睡眠不足是不重要的事情。A项；工作一忙，首先可以牺牲的是睡眠，符合题意。
本题为词义辨析题。本题考了一个熟悉的词subject。它是一个多义词，可以表示“题目”、“科目”等。但这些义项在这里都不合适。要确定它的意思，最关键的是要准确弄清它所 在句子前后部分的意思和关系。这句话前一部分说，要确定睡眠不足引起的后果：研究人员让 subject。通过一系列的心理和能力的测验，要求them将几栏数字加起来或回忆几分钟前所听 到过的文章。所以，这里subjects是人，是“正在被研究的对象”。选项C是正确答案。
本题为判断推理题。在文章最后一段研究结果“We' ye found that if you' re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,""Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现。故选D。第三篇 本篇文章讲述了营养不良是造成发展中国家许多儿童体重过低，生长发育缓慢的主要原因。 世界卫生组织(WHO）呼呀国际社会关注这一现象。然而在世界范围内仍有一大批人正遭受营养不 良所带来的病痛。仅从数据方面看，铁缺乏是最普遍的微量元素缺乏症，发病人群主要是孕妇和儿 童。文章最后提到治疗铁缺乏症的一些措施。 -
第2题：
共用题干
Some Sleep Drugs Do More Than Make You Sleep
The United States Food and Drug Administration(FDA)has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders.It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.
Last Wednesday,the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerouseffects.These include the risk of life-threatening allergic（过敏性的）reactions.They also include rareincidents of strange behavior.These include people cooking food,eating and even driving while asleep.The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.
Last year,a member of the United States Congress said he had a sleep-driving incident.PatrickKennedy , a representative from Rhode Island,crashed his car into a security barrier near the building wherelawmakers meet.The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt.Mr.Kennedy saidhe had earlier taken a sleep medicine.He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug thatcan cause sleepiness.
The FDA did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it has documented.However,the New York Times reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug Ambien.Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking.Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep.But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.
An FDA official says that these serious side effects of sleep disorder drugs appear to be rare.But,he also said there are probably more cases than are reported.He said the agency believes the risk of such behaviors could be reduced if people take the drugs as directed and do not drink alcohol while taking the drugs.The FDA has advised drug companies to carry out studies to investigate the problem.What happened to Patrick Kennedy last year?
A:He crashed his car into a security barrier.
B:He was killed during a car accident.
C:His car broke down on the way home.
D:He was treated for stomachache.答案：A解析：由文章第二段第一句可知，上周三，美国食品药物监督管理局发表声明称，一些治疗失眠的药物存在未知的危险副作用，故选C。
由文章第二段第二句可知，这些药物的副作用包括引起危及生命的过敏性反应，故选C。
由文章第三段第二句可知，去年美国国会议员Kennedy驾车撞上了一栋大楼旁边的防护栏，故选A。
由文章第四段第二句可知，《纽约时报》报道称去年有人声称服用药物Ambien后出现了奇怪的睡眠症状，一些人还称出现了睡梦中驾驶和梦中行走的现象，故选D。
由文章第五段第三句可知，美国食品药物监督管理局认为如果人们按照指导服用，并且服用时避免饮酒，那么出现这些奇怪行为的风险就会降低，故选D。 -
第3题：
共用题干
Some Sleep Drugs Do More Than Make You Sleep
The United States Food and Drug Administration(FDA)has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders.It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.
Last Wednesday,the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerouseffects.These include the risk of life-threatening allergic（过敏性的）reactions.They also include rareincidents of strange behavior.These include people cooking food,eating and even driving while asleep.The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.
Last year,a member of the United States Congress said he had a sleep-driving incident.PatrickKennedy , a representative from Rhode Island,crashed his car into a security barrier near the building wherelawmakers meet.The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt.Mr.Kennedy saidhe had earlier taken a sleep medicine.He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug thatcan cause sleepiness.
The FDA did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it has documented.However,the New York Times reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug Ambien.Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking.Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep.But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.
An FDA official says that these serious side effects of sleep disorder drugs appear to be rare.But,he also said there are probably more cases than are reported.He said the agency believes the risk of such behaviors could be reduced if people take the drugs as directed and do not drink alcohol while taking the drugs.The FDA has advised drug companies to carry out studies to investigate the problem.The FDA announced that______.
A:thirteen drug companies were closed last Wednesday
B:only thirteen drugs could treat sleeping disorders
C:some sleep drugs could lead to serious side effects
D:some makers of sleeping pills provided false information to their patients答案：C解析：由文章第二段第一句可知，上周三，美国食品药物监督管理局发表声明称，一些治疗失眠的药物存在未知的危险副作用，故选C。
由文章第二段第二句可知，这些药物的副作用包括引起危及生命的过敏性反应，故选C。
由文章第三段第二句可知，去年美国国会议员Kennedy驾车撞上了一栋大楼旁边的防护栏，故选A。
由文章第四段第二句可知，《纽约时报》报道称去年有人声称服用药物Ambien后出现了奇怪的睡眠症状，一些人还称出现了睡梦中驾驶和梦中行走的现象，故选D。
由文章第五段第三句可知，美国食品药物监督管理局认为如果人们按照指导服用，并且服用时避免饮酒，那么出现这些奇怪行为的风险就会降低，故选D。 -
第4题：
共用题干
第三篇
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that it is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."
"Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,"researchers say,"is the complexity of the day." Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a page read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate."People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had__________.
A:no drive and ambition
B:no electric lighting
C:the best sleep habits
D:a lot to do the next day答案：B解析：细节题。答案相关句在第二段第三句："The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.”由此可知，以前夜晚一片漆黑，人们没有事做，因而那时的人们养成了最佳睡眠的习惯。本段首句提到了睡眠不足是因为电灯泡的发明，可推知十八九世纪的人因为没有照明，导致没有事情可做，因而养成了早睡觉的习惯。因此，选项B符合文意。选项A“没有精力和野心”和选项C “有最好的睡眠习惯”使用文中的只言片语进行干扰，不正确；选项D“第二天有很多事情要做”文中没有提及。
推断题。在第二段后半部分中，大卫博士提到其实在睡眠上人们在自欺欺人，只是他们没有意识到而已，并且人们认为睡6.5个小时他们完全可以应付。事实上，要确保精力充沛，他们需要7.5个小时、8个小时或更长时间的睡眠。在第三段中，大卫博士指出，每当面对工作、家人、朋友和社会的巨大压力时，很多人认为睡眠是最不重要的，是最可以有弹性的。由此不难得出结论，美国人不在乎睡眠不足的后果或对此视而不见，因此选项B 符合文意。
推断题。根据第三段内容可知，美国人往往通过减少睡眠时间的方式来处理生活中的事情，因为他们认为睡眠是最不重要的（the least expensive item)。因此，选项A 符合文意。选项B“需要更多的睡眠去应对生活压力”与文意正好相反；选项C“一天任何时候都可以用来睡觉”和选项D“充足的睡眠可以激发人的动力和野心”文中没有提及。
语义题。由最后一段第一句的put subjects through...tests可知，这些subjects要经过一些测试，由此推知，subjects即 “测试对象”。因此，选项C为正确答案。
推断题。由最后一段最后两句“We've found that if you're in sleep deficit, performance suffers…Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate.”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现，因此，选项D符合文意。虽然文章在最后一段提到了睡眠不足时，瞬时记忆力会下降，但并没有说睡多了可以提高记忆力，因此选项A“大幅度提高记忆力”不正确；选项B“被其他人认为精力充沛”是对原文的曲解；选项C“维持某人的日程安排”文中并未提及。 -
第5题：
共用题干
第三篇
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that it is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."
"Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,"researchers say,"is the complexity of the day." Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a page read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate."Many Americans believe that__________.
A:sleep is the first thing that can be sacrificed when one is busy
B:they need more sleep to cope with the complexities of everyday life
C:to sleep is something one can do at any time of the day
D:enough sleep promotes people's drive and ambition答案：A解析：细节题。答案相关句在第二段第三句："The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.”由此可知，以前夜晚一片漆黑，人们没有事做，因而那时的人们养成了最佳睡眠的习惯。本段首句提到了睡眠不足是因为电灯泡的发明，可推知十八九世纪的人因为没有照明，导致没有事情可做，因而养成了早睡觉的习惯。因此，选项B符合文意。选项A“没有精力和野心”和选项C “有最好的睡眠习惯”使用文中的只言片语进行干扰，不正确；选项D“第二天有很多事情要做”文中没有提及。
推断题。在第二段后半部分中，大卫博士提到其实在睡眠上人们在自欺欺人，只是他们没有意识到而已，并且人们认为睡6.5个小时他们完全可以应付。事实上，要确保精力充沛，他们需要7.5个小时、8个小时或更长时间的睡眠。在第三段中，大卫博士指出，每当面对工作、家人、朋友和社会的巨大压力时，很多人认为睡眠是最不重要的，是最可以有弹性的。由此不难得出结论，美国人不在乎睡眠不足的后果或对此视而不见，因此选项B 符合文意。
推断题。根据第三段内容可知，美国人往往通过减少睡眠时间的方式来处理生活中的事情，因为他们认为睡眠是最不重要的（the least expensive item)。因此，选项A 符合文意。选项B“需要更多的睡眠去应对生活压力”与文意正好相反；选项C“一天任何时候都可以用来睡觉”和选项D“充足的睡眠可以激发人的动力和野心”文中没有提及。
语义题。由最后一段第一句的put subjects through...tests可知，这些subjects要经过一些测试，由此推知，subjects即 “测试对象”。因此，选项C为正确答案。
推断题。由最后一段最后两句“We've found that if you're in sleep deficit, performance suffers…Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate.”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现，因此，选项D符合文意。虽然文章在最后一段提到了睡眠不足时，瞬时记忆力会下降，但并没有说睡多了可以提高记忆力，因此选项A“大幅度提高记忆力”不正确；选项B“被其他人认为精力充沛”是对原文的曲解；选项C“维持某人的日程安排”文中并未提及。 -
第6题：
共用题干
Some Sleep Drugs Do More Than Make You Sleep
The United States Food and Drug Administration(FDA)has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders.It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.
Last Wednesday,the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerouseffects.These include the risk of life-threatening allergic（过敏性的）reactions.They also include rareincidents of strange behavior.These include people cooking food,eating and even driving while asleep.The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.
Last year,a member of the United States Congress said he had a sleep-driving incident.PatrickKennedy , a representative from Rhode Island,crashed his car into a security barrier near the building wherelawmakers meet.The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt.Mr.Kennedy saidhe had earlier taken a sleep medicine.He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug thatcan cause sleepiness.
The FDA did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it has documented.However,the New York Times reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug Ambien.Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking.Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep.But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.
An FDA official says that these serious side effects of sleep disorder drugs appear to be rare.But,he also said there are probably more cases than are reported.He said the agency believes the risk of such behaviors could be reduced if people take the drugs as directed and do not drink alcohol while taking the drugs.The FDA has advised drug companies to carry out studies to investigate the problem.The risk of strange behaviors resulting from taking sleeping pills could be reduced if______.
A:the FDA takes more strict regulations
B:drug companies listen to patients’advice
C:the New York Times releases more reports
D:people don't drink alcohol whlie taking these pills答案：D解析：由文章第二段第一句可知，上周三，美国食品药物监督管理局发表声明称，一些治疗失眠的药物存在未知的危险副作用，故选C。
由文章第二段第二句可知，这些药物的副作用包括引起危及生命的过敏性反应，故选C。
由文章第三段第二句可知，去年美国国会议员Kennedy驾车撞上了一栋大楼旁边的防护栏，故选A。
由文章第四段第二句可知，《纽约时报》报道称去年有人声称服用药物Ambien后出现了奇怪的睡眠症状，一些人还称出现了睡梦中驾驶和梦中行走的现象，故选D。
由文章第五段第三句可知，美国食品药物监督管理局认为如果人们按照指导服用，并且服用时避免饮酒，那么出现这些奇怪行为的风险就会降低，故选D。 -
第7题：
Passage Two
The thought of not sleeping for twenty-four hours or more is not a pleasant one for most people．The amount of sleep that each person needs varies．In general,each of us needs about eight hours of sleep each day to keep our bodies healthy and happy．Some people,however,can get by just a few hours of sleep at night．
It doesn't matter when or how much a person sleeps．But everyone needs some rest to stay alive．Few doctors would have thought that there might be an exception on this．Sleep is,after all,a very basic need．But a man named AI Herpin turned out to be a real exception,for supposedly,he never slept!
A1 Herpin was 90 years old when doctors came to his home in New Jersey．They hoped to negate the claims that he never slept．But they were surprised．Though they watched him every hour of the day,they never saw Herpin sleeping．He did not even own a bed．He never needed one．
The closest that Herpin came to resting was to sit in a rocking chair and read a half dozen news-papers．His doctors were baffled by this strange case of permanent insomnia．Herpin offered the only clue to his condition．He remembered some talk about his mother having been injured several days be-fore he had been born．Herpin died at the age of 94,never having slept a wink．
The most likely reason on Herpion's insomnia was______A.his mother's injury before he was born
B.that he never got tired
C.his magnificent physical condition
D.that he got enough rest rocking答案：A解析：暂无解析 -
第8题：
单选题According to the passage, Dr. Barry was made fun of because she______.Ahad a low voice
Bhad a funny beard
Cwas tall
Dwas short
正确答案： D解析： -
第9题：
单选题A surgeon who has worked 40 hours in a row without sleep ______.Acan still provide quality medical care
Bwill remain alert because he is used to it
Cmay ignore the potential risk of insufficient sleep
Dshould be fired if he continues the medical operation
正确答案： B解析：
此题考查的是对文章第二段的理解。第二段说“住院医生连续不休息地工作40个小时对他们来说是很平常的事情。他们自信在这样的情形下还可以给病人提供最高质量的医疗服务。但是《美国医药协会杂志》上的一篇文章指出连续24小时没有睡觉的人在早上开车的情况就和喝醉的人差不多。让人好奇的是，外科医生认为酒后进行手术应该被开除，但是却不会过多考虑是否应该在睡眠不足的情况下做手术。”意思是严重睡眠不足有巨大的潜在危险。C项“连续工作40个小时的外科医生可能会忽略睡眠不足引起的潜在危险”与文中意思一致。故C项正确。 -
第10题：
单选题Sleep is a funny thing because ______.Athe longer one sleeps, the less sound sleep he gets
Bthe more sleep one gets, the more likely a stroke occurs
Cmany people stick to about eight hours of sleep to stay fine
Dmany people who sleep six hours a night still feel energetic in the day
正确答案： D解析：
文章第一段讲“睡眠是一件很有趣的事情。都说我们每天晚上要有7到8个小时的睡眠，但是我们很多人睡眠时间都没有这么长，平时也没什么问题。”D项说“有些人即使睡六个小时也能够一天很有精神”正是第一段的意思的另一种说法，所以D项正确。A、B两项均没有对第一段全面了解，以偏概全。C项文中没有提到。 -
第11题：
单选题Passage 1People often complained about not gettinga good night's sleep, but sleep patterns differ from person to person. Most adults require six to eight hours of sleep to function well, while others survive on only a few hours. Still, most people today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime. This is not the way people used to sleep. According to researchers in earlier times, people divided sleep by first sleep a few hours, waking up, then going back to sleep.Before the 18th century, people had no gas or electricity in their homes. Fire, candles, or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting. This lack of artificial lighting in homes contributed to people's sleep patterns. It made sense for people to go to bed early. If you live in this time period, you might be a hard-working farmer, and you would come home, eat and quickly fall into bed exhausted. You would probably go to sleep at 9:00 or 10:00 P.M. In this first period of sleep-called first sleep-you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards.Halfway through the night during a period some call the watch, or watching period. When you came out of first sleep, you would stay in bed and relax quietly. You might talk with a bedfellow, meditate on the day's events or the meaning of a dream, or just let your mind wander. If you enjoyed writing or drawing, you might get out of bed to write a poem or story or draw a picture.Then you would start to feel sleepy, so would return to bed and fall asleep again for your second sleep. This period would continue until early morning when daylight arrived. Again, with no artificial lighting in homes, people naturally woke up early to take advantage of sunlight.Today, human may consider divided sleep a strange habit, but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern. Dr. Thomas Wehr of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep. He thinks that modern sleep problems occur because the orderly, natural way of sleep is breaking through the more recent continuous sleep pattern. Wehr and other scientists believe that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep. In a research study, he asked 15 adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14 hours(from 6:00 P.M. to 8:00 A.M.). At first, the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep, and then slept 11 hours a night. Then overtime, they switched to divided sleep. They fell asleep for about 3 or 5 hours in the evening, stay awake for an hour of two and the slept again for four hours till early morning.Unlike the people in the study, we modern humans generally do not practice divided sleep. However, many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of the night. We usually consider this a sleeping problem, but perhaps we should look at it as natural behavior. Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping.A first sleep followed by a relation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives.In paragraph 5, what does the research study suggest about divided sleep?ADivided sleep is a strange way to sleep.
BDivided sleep is a natural sleep pattern for human.
CDivided sleep occurs when people sleep with artificial lights.
DDivided sleep means sleeping 11 hours in one period.
正确答案： D解析： -
第12题：
单选题Passage2People often complained about not getting"a good night's sleep"，but sleep patterns differ from person to person. Most adults require six to eight hours of sleep to function well，while others survive on only a few hours. Still，most people today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime. This is not the way people used to sleep. According to researchers in earlier times，people divided sleep by first sleep a few hours，waking up，then going back to sleep.Before the 18th century，people had no gas or electricity in their homes. Fire，candles，or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting. This lack of artificial lighting in homes contributed to people's sleep patterns. It made sense for people to go to bed early. If you live in this time period，you might be a hard-working farmer，and you would come home，eat and quickly fall into bed exhausted. You would probably go to sleep at 9：00 or 10：00 P.M. In this first period of sleep-called first sleep-you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards.Halfway through the night during a period some call the watch，or watching period. When you came out of first sleep，you would stay in bed and relax quietly. You might talk with a bedfellow，meditate on the day's events or the meaning of a dream，or just let your mind wander. If you enjoyed writing or drawing，you might get out of bed to write a poem or story or draw a picture.Then you would start to feel sleepy, so would return to bed and fall asleep again for your second sleep. This period would continue until early morning when daylight arrived. Again, with no artificial lighting in homes, people naturally woke up early to take advantage of sunlight.Today, human may consider divided sleep a strange habit, but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern. Dr. Thomas Wehr of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep. He thinks that modern sleep problems occur because the orderly, natural way of sleep is breaking through the more recent continuous sleep pattern. Wehr and other scientists believe that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep. In a research study, he asked 15 adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14 hours(from 6:00 P.M. to 8:00 A.M.). At first, the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep, and then slept 11 hours a night. Then overtime, they switched to divided sleep. They fell asleep for about 3 or 5 hours in the evening, stay awake for an hour of two and then slept again for four hours till early morning.Unlike the people in the study, we modern humans generally do not practice divided sleep. However, many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of the night. We usually consider this a sleeping "problem", but perhaps we should look at it as natural behavior. Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping. A first sleep followed by a relation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives.What is the main purpose of paragraph 2～4?ATo explain what happens in a night of divided sleep.
BTo give an opinion about the divided sleep pattern.
CTo describe the life of farmers before the 18th century.
DTo explain the lives of writers and artists before the 18th century.
正确答案： B解析： -
第13题：
共用题干
第二篇
Sleep Deficit
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流
行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less
sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably
be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a
century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scien-
tists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best
sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was
dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8
hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even
realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,
when they really need 7.5,eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever
pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive
item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5hours'
sleep.If you'ye got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-
logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage
read to them only minutes earlier."We'ye found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says
Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."According to Dr. David,Americans_________.
A:are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life
B:often neglect the consequences of sleep deficit
C:don't know how to relax themselves properly
D:can't get by on 6.5 hours of sleep答案：B解析：文章第二段第一句说：睡眠不足始于一个世纪前电灯的发明。第三句说：良好的睡眠 习惯是强加于人的，晚上天黑，地里无法干活。由此可以推断出，C项符合题意。
本题为推理判断题。在文章第二段后半部分David博士直接提出：人们在睡眠问题上 自己欺骗自己，而且他们根本没有意识到这一点。由此可以推断出美国人也经常忽略睡眠不 足产生的后果。故选B。
文章第三段第二句话说：只要来自工作、家庭、朋友或社会的压力增加了，许多人就认 为睡眠不足是不重要的事情。A项；工作一忙，首先可以牺牲的是睡眠，符合题意。
本题为词义辨析题。本题考了一个熟悉的词subject。它是一个多义词，可以表示“题目”、“科目”等。但这些义项在这里都不合适。要确定它的意思，最关键的是要准确弄清它所 在句子前后部分的意思和关系。这句话前一部分说，要确定睡眠不足引起的后果：研究人员让 subject。通过一系列的心理和能力的测验，要求them将几栏数字加起来或回忆几分钟前所听 到过的文章。所以，这里subjects是人，是“正在被研究的对象”。选项C是正确答案。
本题为判断推理题。在文章最后一段研究结果“We' ye found that if you' re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,""Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现。故选D。第三篇 本篇文章讲述了营养不良是造成发展中国家许多儿童体重过低，生长发育缓慢的主要原因。 世界卫生组织(WHO）呼呀国际社会关注这一现象。然而在世界范围内仍有一大批人正遭受营养不 良所带来的病痛。仅从数据方面看，铁缺乏是最普遍的微量元素缺乏症，发病人群主要是孕妇和儿 童。文章最后提到治疗铁缺乏症的一些措施。 -
第14题：
共用题干
第三篇
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that it is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."
"Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,"researchers say,"is the complexity of the day." Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a page read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate."According to Dr. David,Americans___________.
A: are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life
B:often neglect the consequences of sleep deficit
C:do not know how to relax themselves properly
D:can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep答案：B解析：细节题。答案相关句在第二段第三句："The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.”由此可知，以前夜晚一片漆黑，人们没有事做，因而那时的人们养成了最佳睡眠的习惯。本段首句提到了睡眠不足是因为电灯泡的发明，可推知十八九世纪的人因为没有照明，导致没有事情可做，因而养成了早睡觉的习惯。因此，选项B符合文意。选项A“没有精力和野心”和选项C “有最好的睡眠习惯”使用文中的只言片语进行干扰，不正确；选项D“第二天有很多事情要做”文中没有提及。
推断题。在第二段后半部分中，大卫博士提到其实在睡眠上人们在自欺欺人，只是他们没有意识到而已，并且人们认为睡6.5个小时他们完全可以应付。事实上，要确保精力充沛，他们需要7.5个小时、8个小时或更长时间的睡眠。在第三段中，大卫博士指出，每当面对工作、家人、朋友和社会的巨大压力时，很多人认为睡眠是最不重要的，是最可以有弹性的。由此不难得出结论，美国人不在乎睡眠不足的后果或对此视而不见，因此选项B 符合文意。
推断题。根据第三段内容可知，美国人往往通过减少睡眠时间的方式来处理生活中的事情，因为他们认为睡眠是最不重要的（the least expensive item)。因此，选项A 符合文意。选项B“需要更多的睡眠去应对生活压力”与文意正好相反；选项C“一天任何时候都可以用来睡觉”和选项D“充足的睡眠可以激发人的动力和野心”文中没有提及。
语义题。由最后一段第一句的put subjects through...tests可知，这些subjects要经过一些测试，由此推知，subjects即 “测试对象”。因此，选项C为正确答案。
推断题。由最后一段最后两句“We've found that if you're in sleep deficit, performance suffers…Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate.”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现，因此，选项D符合文意。虽然文章在最后一段提到了睡眠不足时，瞬时记忆力会下降，但并没有说睡多了可以提高记忆力，因此选项A“大幅度提高记忆力”不正确；选项B“被其他人认为精力充沛”是对原文的曲解；选项C“维持某人的日程安排”文中并未提及。 -
第15题：
共用题干
第三篇
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that it is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."
"Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,"researchers say,"is the complexity of the day." Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a page read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate."The word"subjects"(line 1,Para.4)refers to__________.
A:the performance tests used in the study of sleep deficit
B:special branches of knowledge that are being studied
C:people whose behaviors or reactions are being studied
D:the psychological consequences of sleep deficit答案：C解析：细节题。答案相关句在第二段第三句："The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.”由此可知，以前夜晚一片漆黑，人们没有事做，因而那时的人们养成了最佳睡眠的习惯。本段首句提到了睡眠不足是因为电灯泡的发明，可推知十八九世纪的人因为没有照明，导致没有事情可做，因而养成了早睡觉的习惯。因此，选项B符合文意。选项A“没有精力和野心”和选项C “有最好的睡眠习惯”使用文中的只言片语进行干扰，不正确；选项D“第二天有很多事情要做”文中没有提及。
推断题。在第二段后半部分中，大卫博士提到其实在睡眠上人们在自欺欺人，只是他们没有意识到而已，并且人们认为睡6.5个小时他们完全可以应付。事实上，要确保精力充沛，他们需要7.5个小时、8个小时或更长时间的睡眠。在第三段中，大卫博士指出，每当面对工作、家人、朋友和社会的巨大压力时，很多人认为睡眠是最不重要的，是最可以有弹性的。由此不难得出结论，美国人不在乎睡眠不足的后果或对此视而不见，因此选项B 符合文意。
推断题。根据第三段内容可知，美国人往往通过减少睡眠时间的方式来处理生活中的事情，因为他们认为睡眠是最不重要的（the least expensive item)。因此，选项A 符合文意。选项B“需要更多的睡眠去应对生活压力”与文意正好相反；选项C“一天任何时候都可以用来睡觉”和选项D“充足的睡眠可以激发人的动力和野心”文中没有提及。
语义题。由最后一段第一句的put subjects through...tests可知，这些subjects要经过一些测试，由此推知，subjects即 “测试对象”。因此，选项C为正确答案。
推断题。由最后一段最后两句“We've found that if you're in sleep deficit, performance suffers…Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate.”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现，因此，选项D符合文意。虽然文章在最后一段提到了睡眠不足时，瞬时记忆力会下降，但并没有说睡多了可以提高记忆力，因此选项A“大幅度提高记忆力”不正确；选项B“被其他人认为精力充沛”是对原文的曲解；选项C“维持某人的日程安排”文中并未提及。 -
第16题：
共用题干
第二篇
Sleep Deficit
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流
行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less
sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably
be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a
century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scien-
tists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best
sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was
dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8
hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even
realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,
when they really need 7.5,eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever
pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive
item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5hours'
sleep.If you'ye got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-
logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage
read to them only minutes earlier."We'ye found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says
Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."It can be infered from this passage that one should sleep as many hours as is necessary to_________.
A:improve one’s memory dramatically
B:be considered dynamic by other people
C:maintain one’s daily schedule
D:feel energetic and perform adequately答案：D解析：文章第二段第一句说：睡眠不足始于一个世纪前电灯的发明。第三句说：良好的睡眠 习惯是强加于人的，晚上天黑，地里无法干活。由此可以推断出，C项符合题意。
本题为推理判断题。在文章第二段后半部分David博士直接提出：人们在睡眠问题上 自己欺骗自己，而且他们根本没有意识到这一点。由此可以推断出美国人也经常忽略睡眠不 足产生的后果。故选B。
文章第三段第二句话说：只要来自工作、家庭、朋友或社会的压力增加了，许多人就认 为睡眠不足是不重要的事情。A项；工作一忙，首先可以牺牲的是睡眠，符合题意。
本题为词义辨析题。本题考了一个熟悉的词subject。它是一个多义词，可以表示“题目”、“科目”等。但这些义项在这里都不合适。要确定它的意思，最关键的是要准确弄清它所 在句子前后部分的意思和关系。这句话前一部分说，要确定睡眠不足引起的后果：研究人员让 subject。通过一系列的心理和能力的测验，要求them将几栏数字加起来或回忆几分钟前所听 到过的文章。所以，这里subjects是人，是“正在被研究的对象”。选项C是正确答案。
本题为判断推理题。在文章最后一段研究结果“We' ye found that if you' re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,""Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现。故选D。第三篇 本篇文章讲述了营养不良是造成发展中国家许多儿童体重过低，生长发育缓慢的主要原因。 世界卫生组织(WHO）呼呀国际社会关注这一现象。然而在世界范围内仍有一大批人正遭受营养不 良所带来的病痛。仅从数据方面看，铁缺乏是最普遍的微量元素缺乏症，发病人群主要是孕妇和儿 童。文章最后提到治疗铁缺乏症的一些措施。 -
第17题：
共用题干
第三篇
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that it is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."
"Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,"researchers say,"is the complexity of the day." Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a page read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate."It can be concluded from the passage that one should sleep as many hours as is necessary to________.
A:improve one's memory dramatically
B:be considered dynamic by other people
C:maintain one's daily schedule
D:feel energetic and perform adequately答案：D解析：细节题。答案相关句在第二段第三句："The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.”由此可知，以前夜晚一片漆黑，人们没有事做，因而那时的人们养成了最佳睡眠的习惯。本段首句提到了睡眠不足是因为电灯泡的发明，可推知十八九世纪的人因为没有照明，导致没有事情可做，因而养成了早睡觉的习惯。因此，选项B符合文意。选项A“没有精力和野心”和选项C “有最好的睡眠习惯”使用文中的只言片语进行干扰，不正确；选项D“第二天有很多事情要做”文中没有提及。
推断题。在第二段后半部分中，大卫博士提到其实在睡眠上人们在自欺欺人，只是他们没有意识到而已，并且人们认为睡6.5个小时他们完全可以应付。事实上，要确保精力充沛，他们需要7.5个小时、8个小时或更长时间的睡眠。在第三段中，大卫博士指出，每当面对工作、家人、朋友和社会的巨大压力时，很多人认为睡眠是最不重要的，是最可以有弹性的。由此不难得出结论，美国人不在乎睡眠不足的后果或对此视而不见，因此选项B 符合文意。
推断题。根据第三段内容可知，美国人往往通过减少睡眠时间的方式来处理生活中的事情，因为他们认为睡眠是最不重要的（the least expensive item)。因此，选项A 符合文意。选项B“需要更多的睡眠去应对生活压力”与文意正好相反；选项C“一天任何时候都可以用来睡觉”和选项D“充足的睡眠可以激发人的动力和野心”文中没有提及。
语义题。由最后一段第一句的put subjects through...tests可知，这些subjects要经过一些测试，由此推知，subjects即 “测试对象”。因此，选项C为正确答案。
推断题。由最后一段最后两句“We've found that if you're in sleep deficit, performance suffers…Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate.”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现，因此，选项D符合文意。虽然文章在最后一段提到了睡眠不足时，瞬时记忆力会下降，但并没有说睡多了可以提高记忆力，因此选项A“大幅度提高记忆力”不正确；选项B“被其他人认为精力充沛”是对原文的曲解；选项C“维持某人的日程安排”文中并未提及。 -
第18题：
The author suggests the Dr. Mahathir's comments on the currency problems （ ）.A.are poor because they weaken his own credibility
B.are sharp in identifying the cause of the problem
C.prove that he has been a poor leader in general
D.reveal his keen insight into the complex issue答案：B解析： -
第19题：
Passage Two
The thought of not sleeping for twenty-four hours or more is not a pleasant one for most people．The amount of sleep that each person needs varies．In general,each of us needs about eight hours of sleep each day to keep our bodies healthy and happy．Some people,however,can get by just a few hours of sleep at night．
It doesn't matter when or how much a person sleeps．But everyone needs some rest to stay alive．Few doctors would have thought that there might be an exception on this．Sleep is,after all,a very basic need．But a man named AI Herpin turned out to be a real exception,for supposedly,he never slept!
A1 Herpin was 90 years old when doctors came to his home in New Jersey．They hoped to negate the claims that he never slept．But they were surprised．Though they watched him every hour of the day,they never saw Herpin sleeping．He did not even own a bed．He never needed one．
The closest that Herpin came to resting was to sit in a rocking chair and read a half dozen news-papers．His doctors were baffled by this strange case of permanent insomnia．Herpin offered the only clue to his condition．He remembered some talk about his mother having been injured several days be-fore he had been born．Herpin died at the age of 94,never having slept a wink．
This passage centers on______A.dream interpretation
B.patterns of sleep
C.A1 Herpin's sleepless life
D.sleeps and dreams答案：C解析：暂无解析 -
第20题：
单选题Dr. Hartmann is mentioned in the passage ______.Aas the opponent of Dr. Ian Oswald
Bbecause he has strange sleeping habits
Cas the pioneering sleep scientist
Dbecause of his observation and analysis of sleep habits
正确答案： A解析：
由题干中Dr. Hartmann定位到第三段，该段提到每个人需要的睡眠时长都不一样，此外最后一句给出Dr. Ernest Hartmann的观点：找出你所需要的睡眠时间，你将成功地使你的身体以最大的效率运转，接下来文章对Dr. Ernest Hartmann关于睡眠的研究发现进行了介绍，因此D项为正确答案。 -
第21题：
单选题According to the passage, people have difficulty getting to sleep because ______.Athey work more than sixty hours a week
Bthey have too many enemies
Cthey do not sleep happily
Dthey are not tired enough
正确答案： C解析：
文章首段指出据爱丁堡大学的Dr. Ian Oswald称世界上十分之一的人都入睡困难，原因很简单，大多数人睡不着觉是因为自身问题：他们睡得太早了。也就是说身体还不累就睡觉了，故D项符合题意。 -
第22题：
单选题Passage 1People often complained about not gettinga good night's sleep, but sleep patterns differ from person to person. Most adults require six to eight hours of sleep to function well, while others survive on only a few hours. Still, most people today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime. This is not the way people used to sleep. According to researchers in earlier times, people divided sleep by first sleep a few hours, waking up, then going back to sleep.Before the 18th century, people had no gas or electricity in their homes. Fire, candles, or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting. This lack of artificial lighting in homes contributed to people's sleep patterns. It made sense for people to go to bed early. If you live in this time period, you might be a hard-working farmer, and you would come home, eat and quickly fall into bed exhausted. You would probably go to sleep at 9:00 or 10:00 P.M. In this first period of sleep-called first sleep-you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards.Halfway through the night during a period some call the watch, or watching period. When you came out of first sleep, you would stay in bed and relax quietly. You might talk with a bedfellow, meditate on the day's events or the meaning of a dream, or just let your mind wander. If you enjoyed writing or drawing, you might get out of bed to write a poem or story or draw a picture.Then you would start to feel sleepy, so would return to bed and fall asleep again for your second sleep. This period would continue until early morning when daylight arrived. Again, with no artificial lighting in homes, people naturally woke up early to take advantage of sunlight.Today, human may consider divided sleep a strange habit, but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern. Dr. Thomas Wehr of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep. He thinks that modern sleep problems occur because the orderly, natural way of sleep is breaking through the more recent continuous sleep pattern. Wehr and other scientists believe that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep. In a research study, he asked 15 adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14 hours(from 6:00 P.M. to 8:00 A.M.). At first, the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep, and then slept 11 hours a night. Then overtime, they switched to divided sleep. They fell asleep for about 3 or 5 hours in the evening, stay awake for an hour of two and the slept again for four hours till early morning.Unlike the people in the study, we modern humans generally do not practice divided sleep. However, many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of the night. We usually consider this a sleeping problem, but perhaps we should look at it as natural behavior. Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping.A first sleep followed by a relation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives.Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?APeople had a divided sleep pattern only in the 18th century.
BScientists agree that artificial lighting changed the way people sleep.
CSome of the people today are not familiar with the practice of divided sleep.
DSleeping for one long period may explain why some people have sleep problems.
正确答案： C解析： -
第23题：
单选题Passage 1People often complained about not gettinga good night's sleep, but sleep patterns differ from person to person. Most adults require six to eight hours of sleep to function well, while others survive on only a few hours. Still, most people today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime. This is not the way people used to sleep. According to researchers in earlier times, people divided sleep by first sleep a few hours, waking up, then going back to sleep.Before the 18th century, people had no gas or electricity in their homes. Fire, candles, or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting. This lack of artificial lighting in homes contributed to people's sleep patterns. It made sense for people to go to bed early. If you live in this time period, you might be a hard-working farmer, and you would come home, eat and quickly fall into bed exhausted. You would probably go to sleep at 9:00 or 10:00 P.M. In this first period of sleep-called first sleep-you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards.Halfway through the night during a period some call the watch, or watching period. When you came out of first sleep, you would stay in bed and relax quietly. You might talk with a bedfellow, meditate on the day's events or the meaning of a dream, or just let your mind wander. If you enjoyed writing or drawing, you might get out of bed to write a poem or story or draw a picture.Then you would start to feel sleepy, so would return to bed and fall asleep again for your second sleep. This period would continue until early morning when daylight arrived. Again, with no artificial lighting in homes, people naturally woke up early to take advantage of sunlight.Today, human may consider divided sleep a strange habit, but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern. Dr. Thomas Wehr of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep. He thinks that modern sleep problems occur because the orderly, natural way of sleep is breaking through the more recent continuous sleep pattern. Wehr and other scientists believe that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep. In a research study, he asked 15 adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14 hours(from 6:00 P.M. to 8:00 A.M.). At first, the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep, and then slept 11 hours a night. Then overtime, they switched to divided sleep. They fell asleep for about 3 or 5 hours in the evening, stay awake for an hour of two and the slept again for four hours till early morning.Unlike the people in the study, we modern humans generally do not practice divided sleep. However, many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of the night. We usually consider this a sleeping problem, but perhaps we should look at it as natural behavior. Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping.A first sleep followed by a relation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives.What is the main idea of the text?APeople in the past did not sleep as well as people today.
BPeople in the past divided their sleep into two parts.
CPeople in the past woke up easily because of hard working.
DPeople in the past fell asleep easily because of hard work.
正确答案： D解析： -
第24题：
单选题Passage 1People often complained about not gettinga good night's sleep, but sleep patterns differ from person to person. Most adults require six to eight hours of sleep to function well, while others survive on only a few hours. Still, most people today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime. This is not the way people used to sleep. According to researchers in earlier times, people divided sleep by first sleep a few hours, waking up, then going back to sleep.Before the 18th century, people had no gas or electricity in their homes. Fire, candles, or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting. This lack of artificial lighting in homes contributed to people's sleep patterns. It made sense for people to go to bed early. If you live in this time period, you might be a hard-working farmer, and you would come home, eat and quickly fall into bed exhausted. You would probably go to sleep at 9:00 or 10:00 P.M. In this first period of sleep-called first sleep-you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards.Halfway through the night during a period some call the watch, or watching period. When you came out of first sleep, you would stay in bed and relax quietly. You might talk with a bedfellow, meditate on the day's events or the meaning of a dream, or just let your mind wander. If you enjoyed writing or drawing, you might get out of bed to write a poem or story or draw a picture.Then you would start to feel sleepy, so would return to bed and fall asleep again for your second sleep. This period would continue until early morning when daylight arrived. Again, with no artificial lighting in homes, people naturally woke up early to take advantage of sunlight.Today, human may consider divided sleep a strange habit, but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern. Dr. Thomas Wehr of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep. He thinks that modern sleep problems occur because the orderly, natural way of sleep is breaking through the more recent continuous sleep pattern. Wehr and other scientists believe that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep. In a research study, he asked 15 adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14 hours(from 6:00 P.M. to 8:00 A.M.). At first, the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep, and then slept 11 hours a night. Then overtime, they switched to divided sleep. They fell asleep for about 3 or 5 hours in the evening, stay awake for an hour of two and the slept again for four hours till early morning.Unlike the people in the study, we modern humans generally do not practice divided sleep. However, many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of the night. We usually consider this a sleeping problem, but perhaps we should look at it as natural behavior. Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping.A first sleep followed by a relation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives.What conclusion does the writer make about divided sleep?AIt is one type of sleeping problem.
BIt may help people handle daily stress.
CIt is not the best sleep pattern for everyone.
DIt is even a common practice in modern times.
正确答案： C解析：