单选题Which of the following best describes the organization of the text as a whole?A A phenomenon is described and an interpretation presented and rejected.B A generalization is made and supporting evidence is supplied and weighed.C A contradiction is noted

Practice 6　　该教授指出，博士以这样的速度增长，即使保证了质量，也会大材小用或为发达国家培养人才。以前一个教授带两三个博士生，现在一个教授带二十个博士生，每人每天只能指导几分钟，而这些博士将来还要当老师，当博导。除非自学成才，否则博士只能让啥也不是的九斤老太不幸言中：一代不如一代。　　中国不是不需要太多的博士，更不是不尊重博士，而是我们正在损失尊重博士的理由。

Practice 1　　Some people call him “Guidone”—big Guido. Large in both physical stature and reputation, Guido Rossi, who took over as Telecom Italia's chairman on September 15th following the surprise resignation of Marco Tronchetti Provera, has stood out from the Italian business crowd for more than three decades. Mr. Rossi, who attended Harvard law school in the 1950s and wrote a book on American bankruptcy law, made his name as a corporate lawyer keen on market rules and their enforcement. He has since worked in both private and public sectors, including stints in the Italian Senate and as one of the European Commission's group of company-law experts. As well as running a busy legal practice, he also has a reputation as a corporate troubleshooter and all-round Mr Fix-It, and is often called upon to clean up organisations in crisis.　　His role at Telecom Italia marks a return to the company he headed for ten months in 1997, during its politically tricky and legally complex privatisation. Before that, Mr Rossi had been sent in to sort out Ferruzzi-Montedison, an agri-business and chemicals group, which had collapsed after magistrates uncovered tangentopoli (“bribesville”).

Practice 2　　What exactly does globalization mean? Concepts related to globalization include “internationalization”, “multidomestic marketing”, and “multinational or transnational marketing”, suggesting that the basic criterion is transactions across national boundaries. In the marketing and strategic management literature, globalization is conceptualized as a means to gain competitive advantage by locating different stages of production in different geographic regions according to the particular region's comparative advantage. This conceptualization focuses only on the economic aspects of globalization; social, cultural and political factors are only considered in the context of achieving economic advantage. Thus, being “culturally sensitive” in global markets is being able to sell one's product with enough ingenuity to avoid possible pitfalls arising from the seller's ignorance of local customs. International marketing textbooks discuss such cultural pitfalls in great detail; however, the cultural contest of globalization is always framed by the economy.　　Broader conceptualization of globalization can be found in other disciplines such as sociology and anthropology. Waters defined globalization as “a social process in which the constraints of geography on social and cultural arrangements recede and in which people become increasingly aware that they are receding.” This conceptualization with its much broader scope, allows for the examination of a number of consequences of globalization, not jut economic but social, cultural and political ones.

Topic 3：My View on Private Tutoring　　Questions for reference:　　1) Is it commonly seen in modern society that many parents hire private tutors for their children?　　2) What are the advantages and/or disadvantages of private tutoring?　　3) Would you hire private tutors for your child in the future?

Practice 4　介绍说明

The author of the text puts the word “deepest” (line 13, paragraph 3) in quotation marks most probably in order to ______.

It can be inferred that the author of the text most likely regards the criticism of methanol as ______.

Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?

Practice 4　　The answer is, in a sense, all in our minds. For the last century, our society’s basic drive has been toward more—toward a bigger national economy, toward more stuff for each of us. And it’ s worked. Our economy is enormous; our houses are enormous. We are living large. All that more is created by using cheap energy and hence built on carbon dioxide (CO2)—which makes up 72% of all greenhouse gases.　　Some pollutants decrease as we get richer.  But carbon dioxide consistency tracks economic growth. As Harvard economist Friedman concluded last year, CO2 is “the one major environmental contaminant for which no study has ever found any indication of improvement as living standards rise.” This means that if we’re going to cope with global warming, we may also have to cope with the end of infinite economic expansion.　　That sounds gloomy, but maybe not. New data suggest that we’ve been overstating the issue for many decades. We made an assumption that more was better. It seemed a reasonable thinking. But in recent years, economists, sociologists and other researchers have begun to question that link. Indeed, they’re finding that at least since the 1950’s, more material prosperity has yielded little increase in humans’ satisfaction.

According to the passage, the problems of Marinnation focused on here are mainly ______.

The word “imprimatur” in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______.

Practice 4　　America’s singular approach to international affairs did not develop all at once, or as the consequence of a solitary inspiration. In the early years of the Republic, American foreign policy was in fact a sophisticated reflection of the American national interest, which was, simply, to fortify the hew nation’s independence. Since no European country was capable of posing an actual threat so long as it had to contend with rivals, the Founding Fathers showed themselves quite ready to manipulate the despised balance of power when it suited their needs indeed, they could be extraordinarily skillful at maneuvering between France and Great Britain not only to preserve America’s independence but to enlarge its frontiers. Because they really wanted neither side to win a decisive victory in the wars of the French Revolution, they declared neutrality. Jefferson defined the Napoleonic Wars as a contest between the tyrant on the land (France) and the tyrant of the ocean (England) —in other words, the parties in the European struggle were morally equivalent. Practicing an early form of nonalignment, the new nation discovered the benefit of neutrality as a bargaining tool, just as many an emerging nation has since.

Which of the following is the purpose of the second paragraph?

Practice 2　　21世纪是生物技术革命的世纪。然而，在人类还没有充分享用到生物技术发展的成果的时候，由此引发的克隆人问题已经无法回避。近年来，一些科学家和组织公开宣布了克隆人的计划。克隆人正从遥远的幻想日益成为逼近的现实。　　一些科学家坦言，世界各地都有一些科学家在进行克隆人的试验。但是应当看到，由于克隆人问题可能带来的复杂后果，世界各国，尤其是生物技术发达的国家，现在大都对此采取明令禁止或者严加限制的态度。

According to the passage, airline travelers should keep their feet flat on the floor ______.

Practice 5　科普科技

The author has written the passage mainly for ______.

The asocial personality of Americans may stem from ______.

The word “intelligence” (para. 3) is closest in meaning to “______.”

What does “this” in “Even expecting this... ” (para.2) refer to?

The world “jeopardize” (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to ______.

The word “aggravate” (para 2) is closest in meaning to “ ______”.

Practice 5　　Water is essential for life. Yet many millions of people around the world face water shortages. Many millions of children die every year from water-borne diseases. And drought regularly afflicts some of the world’s poorest countries.　　The world needs to respond much better. We need to increase water efficiency, especially in agriculture. We need to free women and girls from the daily chore of hauling water. We must involve leaders of countries in decision-making on water management. We need to make sanitation a priority. This is where progress is lagging most. And we must show that water resources need not be a source of conflict. Instead, they can be a catalyst for cooperation.　　Significant gains have been made. But a major effort is still required. Our goal is to meet the internationally agreed targets for water and sanitation by 2015, and to build the foundation for further progress in the years beyond.　　This is an urgent matter of human development, and human dignity. Together, we can provide safe, clean water to the entire world’s people. The world’s water resources are our lifeline for survival, and [or sustainable development in the 21st century. Together, we must manage them better.

The word “domestic”(paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to ______.