问答题Practice 10 What we today call American folk art was, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday I “folks” who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits. Citizens of prosperous, essentiall
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问答题
Practice 10 What we today call American folk art was, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday I “folks” who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits. Citizens of prosperous, essentially middle-class republics—whether ancient Romans，seventeenth-century Dutch burghers, or nineteenth-century Americans—have always shown a marked taste for portraiture. Starting in the late eighteenth century, the United States contained an increasing number of such people, and of the artists who could meet their demands. The earliest American folk art portraits come, not surprisingly, from New England—especially Connecticut and Massachusetts—for this was a wealthy and populous region and the center of a strong craft tradition. Within a few decades after the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the population was pushing westward, and the portrait painters could be found at work in western New York, Ohio, Kentucky, Illinois, and Missouri. Midway through its first century as a nation, the United States' population had increased roughly five times, and eleven new states had been added to original thirteen. During these years, the demand for portraits grew and grew, eventually to be satisfied by camera.
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第1题：
Which of the following statements is NOT true?（ ）
[A] Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.
[B] The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.
[C] The art market generally went downward in various ways.
[D] Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.
正确答案：B
下列哪一项表述是不正确的?
[A]从2007年到2008年当代艺术品的销售急剧下滑。
[B]艺术品市场在势头上超过了很多其他行业。
[C]在整体上艺术品市场在很多方面下滑了。
[D]一些艺术品交易者在等待更好时机的到来。
答案解析：[B]事实细节题。文章第二段第一句提到了“momentum”，意为“势头”，即“世界艺术品市场已经有一段时间失去了它的发展势头”。本段最后一句提到“但是这个市场产生的利益远远超出它本身的规模，因为它可以把巨大的财富、膨胀的自我、贪婪、激情和争议以某种方式结合在一起，其他行业很少能与之媲美。”在这里，作者比较的是艺术品市场和其他行业在“把财富、自我、贪婪、激情和争议结合在一起”的方式方面，而不是发展的势头，[B]的论述张冠李戴，是错误的，故为答案。由文章第三段第三句可知[A]是正确的，[C]是全文的主题，有很多数据可以证明，而[D]在全文最后一段的最后一句可以找到明确表述，这三项都是正确的，故均排除。 -
第2题：
Questions 106-110 refer to the following passage.
Downtown Artisan' Club Art Exhibit
Please mark Saturday, October 21, on your calendars so that you can attend the inaugural Downtown Artisan's Club Art Exhibit!
There will be beautiful works of art and pottery, crafted by the Downtown Artisan's Club,available for showing as well as for sale. The remarkably talented young artists have worked all summer to prepare for this event, which promises to impress and astound. Visitors will have an op-portunity to meet these talented artists. All proceeds from this event will be contributed to the continued operations of the Downtown Artisan's Club, which provides amazing classes and support for young artists.
Tickets are on sale now and are available for $10(adults) and $5(students and seniors).
Children under the age of 12 will be admitted for free.
The Downtown Artisan's Club looks forward to seeing you there! Please contact Jim at (905) 412-8980 for more information.
Downtown Artisan's Club Art Exhibit
Deadline for your art submission!
To all our talented young artists -- get ready for our upcoming Art Exhibit!As you all know-- our Downtown Artisan's Club Art Exhibit is coming up exactly one month from today.
Paintings, drawings, sculptures and writing will be needed -- for both the show and the sale!
Don't forget to have them completed and handed in by next Friday to secure your spot in our show.
Remember, there will also be cash awards, judged by our panel of art critics, and the winning pieces will be featured in our Art Book. The artists of the winning pieces will also be invited to at-tend the 2-week summer art camp in Paris next summer.
Have fun and please submit your artwork on time!
For whom is the announcement intended?A.Artists
B.Residents
C.Jim
D.Judges答案：B解析：这是面向普通市民的宣传，答案为B。 -
第3题：
Text 1 The longest bull run in a century of artmarket history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst,Beautiful Inside My Head Forever,at Sotheby's in London on September 15th,2008.All but two pieces sold,fetching more than￡70m,a record for a sale by a single artist.It was a last victory.As the auctioneer called out bids,in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street,Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003.At its peak in 2007 it was worth some$65 billion,reckons Clare McAndrew,founder of Arts Economics,a research firm—double the figure five years earlier.Since then it may have come down to$50 billion.But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth,enormous egos,greed,passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst's sale,spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms.Sales of contemporary art fell by twothirds,and in the most overheated sector,they were down by nearly 90%in the year to November 2008.Within weeks the world's two biggest auction houses,Sotheby's and Christie's,had to pay out nearly$200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989.This time experts reckon that prices are about 40%down on their peak on average,though some have been far more fluctuant.But Edward Dolman,Christie's chief executive,says:“I'm pretty confident we're at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last,he says,is that there are still buyers in the market.Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds—death,debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market.But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away,waiting for confidence to return.
Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008
B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum
C.The market generally went downward in various ways
D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come答案：B解析：细节题【命题思路】这是一道反向提问的开放性细节题。第一需要选错误的，第二需要全文寻找答案。比较快捷的办法是，在阅读文章时做关键词的记号，以便解题时定位。【直击答案】根据B项的内容定位到第二段第一句话“The world art market had…since 2003.”意为：世界艺术品市场自2003年经历了急速攀升后的一段时间以来逐步失去了发展动力，即作者表明，艺术品市场越来越不景气。显然，B项与原文表达意思相反，因此为正确答案。【干扰排除】根据A项提供的具体年代定位到第三段第三句话“Sales of contemporary art fell…November 2008.”意为：当代艺术品的销售量下降了三分之二，最热门的艺术品销售在2008年11月份降幅高达近百分之九十，与A项相一致。C项与第三段表述的内容相一致。该段先提及收藏者们远离了画廊和销售店，其次描述了销售数据的下降，最后又提及两大拍卖行的举措，与C项中的“in various ways”相符，此内容表明“the current downturn”，同义替换选项中的“the art market generally went down”。D项与文章最后一句话“But anyone who…confidence to return.”所表述的内容相一致，some art dealer等同于“anyone who does not have to sell”，“waiting for confidence to return”等同于“were awaiting better chances to come”，这都属于同义替换。 -
第4题：
Text 1 The longest bull run in a century of artmarket history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst,Beautiful Inside My Head Forever,at Sotheby's in London on September 15th,2008.All but two pieces sold,fetching more than￡70m,a record for a sale by a single artist.It was a last victory.As the auctioneer called out bids,in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street,Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003.At its peak in 2007 it was worth some$65 billion,reckons Clare McAndrew,founder of Arts Economics,a research firm—double the figure five years earlier.Since then it may have come down to$50 billion.But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth,enormous egos,greed,passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst's sale,spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms.Sales of contemporary art fell by twothirds,and in the most overheated sector,they were down by nearly 90%in the year to November 2008.Within weeks the world's two biggest auction houses,Sotheby's and Christie's,had to pay out nearly$200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989.This time experts reckon that prices are about 40%down on their peak on average,though some have been far more fluctuant.But Edward Dolman,Christie's chief executive,says:“I'm pretty confident we're at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last,he says,is that there are still buyers in the market.Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds—death,debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market.But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away,waiting for confidence to return.
The most appropriate title for this text could be____A.Fluctuation of Art Prices
B.Uptodate Art Auctions
C.Art Market in Decline
D.Shifted Interest in Arts答案：C解析：主旨题【命题思路】给文章加标题是常见的文章主旨题考查的方式之一。从这篇文章的整体结构来看，段落与段落之间并没有出现明显的转折，因此主旨贯穿全篇文章。考生可以总结每一段的段落大意，然后进行概括总结。【直击答案】本文第一段以赫斯特作品的大卖引出文章的讨论话题，即艺术品市场的低迷与衰退；第二段介绍了艺术品市场在经历了牛市后的衰落；第三、四段分别讨论了当前的艺术品市场形势，并在最后一段对未来趋势做出了预测。因此最合适的标题为C项“艺术品市场的衰退”。【干扰排除】虽然第二段第二、三句提到“价格波动”，但属于细节内容，以偏概全，因此排除A项。B项中的uptodate和文中的contemporary是同义词，文章第一段提及拍卖会是为了引出讨论话题，B项不具有概括性。文章提到艺术品收藏者远离了画廊和拍卖会现场是因为艺术品市场的不景气。D项与原文内容不符，故排除。长难句解析 -
第5题：
共用题干
Changes in Museums
Museums have changed.They are no longer places that one"should"visit;they are places to enjoy and learn.
At a science museum in Ontario,Canada,you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body.At the Metropolitan（大城市的）Museum of Art in New York City , you can look at the seventeenth century instruments while listening to their music.At New York's American Museum of Natural History recently,you can help make a bone-by- bone reproduction of the museum's dinosaur（恐 龙）,a beast that lived 200 million years ago.
More and more museum directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing.In many science museums,for example,there are no guided tours.The visitor is encouraged to touch,listen,operate,and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science.The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it,and those who fear science will not use it to best advantage.
One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time.Another cause is the rising percentage of young people in the population.Many of these young people are college students or college graduates.Leon F.Twiggs,a young black professor of art once said,"They see things in a new and different way.They are not satisfied to stand and look at works of art;they want art they can participate（参加）in."The same is true of science and history.In America today,all science museums are open to the public and free.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：C解析：第二段中提到，人们在博物馆中可以感受头发直立、聆听古老乐器的演奏，以及帮忙制作恐龙模型等。第三段第三句又提到，参观者被鼓励去触摸、聆听、操作和做实验等。由此可知，人们在博物馆中，可以参与很多活动。
第二段最后一句提到，最近在美国的自然历史博物馆，你可以帮忙制作恐龙模型，这只是表明美国自然历史博物馆最近开办了这项活动，并不是说美国自然历史博物馆最近才开放。
根据第三段的第二句和第三句可知，博物馆鼓励参观者去触摸，去聆听，去操控，去做实验等。
根据第三段第三、四句可知，博物馆所做的这些努力，就是想让参观者从自身体验中获得科学知识，对科学的世界不再感到陌生。
全篇文章并未提到所有的科学博物馆是否是免费开放的。
根据第四段第一句可知，导致这些变化（包括更多人去博物馆）的原因之一就是人们有了更多的财富和业余时间。
根据第四段倒数第二句可知，大多数年轻人喜欢他们可以参与其中的艺术。 -
第6题：
问答题PART 3Discussion topics: Art Do you think it is good for children to learn art?正确答案： Yes, I highly recommend children learn art because researches have shown that kids who learn art have more developed right cerebral hemisphere than those who don’t. But I do have to mention that the child is interested in what he learned. I think learning art can really help develop the kid’s aesthetic taste and ability which is good for their future development.解析：
学习艺术有利于发展孩子的审美情趣和能力，但是前提是孩子对所学的东西感兴趣，这样才真正有利于孩子的发展。 -
第7题：
单选题—I think science is more useful than art.—I disagree. I think art is _____ science.Anot so useful as
Bless useful than
Cthe most useful of
Das useful as
正确答案： C解析：
上句意为“我认为科学比艺术更有用”，下句意为“我不同意，我认为艺术和科学一样有用”。as＋形容词原级＋as意为“和……一样……”。 -
第8题：
单选题The passage asserts which of the following about commercial art?AThere are many examples of commercial art whose artistic merit is equal to that of great works of art of the past.
BCommercial art is heavily influenced by whatever doctrines are fashionable in the serious art world of the time.
CThe line between commercial art and great art lies primarily in how an image is used, not in the motivation for its creation.
DThe pervasiveness of contemporary commercial art has led art historians to undervalue representational skills.
正确答案： A解析：
文中：But I think that the victory…we may be in danger of ceasing to know.作者认为商业广告的推行和通俗化给艺术历史学家和评论家们造成了一定的难题，即他们会低估这种具象技能。 -
第9题：
单选题Today, many cultures divide music（）art music and music of the people.Afrom
Binto
Cover
Dbeneath
正确答案： A解析： 暂无解析 -
第10题：
问答题What we today call American folk art was, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday I “folks” who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits. Citizens of prosperous, essentially middle-class republics — whether ancient Romans，seventeenth-century Dutch burghers, or nineteenth-century Americans — have always shown a marked taste for portraiture. Starting in the late eighteenth century, the United States contained an increasing number of such people, and of the artists who could meet their demands.正确答案：
我们所说的美国民间艺术是由普通百姓所拥有、创造并享受的艺术。随着财富和闲暇与日俱增,他们创造了各种艺术的市场,特别是肖像绘画。家境殷实的、主要是中产阶级的市民——不管他们是古罗马人,或是l7世纪荷兰自治城市富裕居民,抑或是19世纪的美国人——都对肖像绘画艺术表现出突出的爱好。从18世纪晚期开始,美国这一群体的数量不断增加,而且满足画像要求的艺术家也不断地增加。解析： 暂无解析 -
第11题：
问答题Practice 10 We learned from your advertisement in Globe Boston that you are an exporter of glass art works and we are availing ourselves of this opportunity to ask you to send us some samples of the advertised products. Our firm is a company engaged in import/ export of arts and crafts. Recent years we have put more interest in glass art works. We are thinking of expanding our business to the US and hope we will establish business relations with you soon.正确答案：
【参考译文】
我方从贵公司在《波士顿全球报》上刊登的广告中获悉,贵公司是玻璃艺术品的出口商。我方借此机会,请贵公司惠送贵方在广告中所推销产品的样品。我方是专门经营工艺品进出口的公司,近年来对玻璃艺术品有了更大的兴趣。现在我方正计划把业务扩展到美国,因而希望能尽快与贵公司建立贸易关系。解析：
①这是一封请求建立贸易联系的信函，在翻译此类信函的时候，措辞要礼貌、客气、委婉和正式。
②exporter译为“出口商”。
③availing ourselves of this opportunity译为“我方借此机会”。
④engaged in译为“经营……”。
⑤Globe Boston为刊物，译为中文时应加书名号。 -
第12题：
问答题Practice 1Expressionism Expressionism is an art movement that produced a wealth of wonderful works of art, and the lives of the artists who created them were no less colorful and exciting. The word “expressionism” can be used to describe art from different times and places, most of them were part of a movement that took place in Germany from 1905 to 1920. They shared some of the beliefs. Those beliefs were that art should try to change society, to make it less conservative. It should express the energy of nature—following in the footsteps of Vincent van Gogh—-and personal feeling rather than simply representing nature. It should feel “uncomfortable”, which means it should challenge the traditional ways of looking at the world. This differed from the opinion of Henri Matisse who believed that art should be “comfortable”. Expressionist art should be inspired by folk art, and the art of what were then called “primitive” people, for example from Africa. The aim of the Expressionists was to express personal feeling about what they were painting rather than representing it exactly as it was. It should have strong colors and shapes, be relatively direct, untutored and unplanned and should still contain recognizable things, but not be realistic. The lines could be distorted, and the colors could be strengthened or changed as in the art movement that began in 1905 called Fauvism. Expressionism was more than a style in painting. It could be found in theatre and cinema, literature and architecture. It was a sharing of ideas and experiences across all these media. The life stories of the Expressionist artists show just how much they had in common. Many began by studying applied art, such as furniture design, often to please their parents. Although they later made more personal art, they continued to make use of those technical skills. Both art critics and the public received this new movement with derision and outrage. Expressionist artists were trying to shock by challenging the traditional, conservative views held by many people. Gradually, however, it became accepted and even admired. All the Expressionists were affected by World War I (1914-18). Some fled from Germany and spent the war years in exile. Some never returned to their homeland. Most served in the war and some were killed. At first some of them hoped a war would change society for the better but they were soon disillusioned when they saw the destruction and suffering that it caused. In the years after the war, many Expressionist artist revealed the horrors they experienced in their work. After World War I, Expressionism became very fashionable in Germany, where art was allowed to flourish. This freedom ended in 1933 when Hitler declared all Expressionists were “degenerate”. This led to them being sacked from their jobs or forced to leave Germany. In 1937 the Nazis took thousands of art works from German museums and put them in an enormous exhibition called the Degenerate Art Exhibition, to show how bad and decadent this art was. It presented a view of the world that went against their political and cultural ambitions to rid Germany of all inferior races.正确答案： 参考译文
表现主义 表现主义是20世纪初至30年代盛行于欧美一些国家的艺术流派。它首先出现于美术界,后来在音乐、文学、戏剧以及电影等领域得到重大发展。艺术家们从丰富多彩的现实生活中提取素材,创作了大量优秀的艺术作品。虽然表现主义涵盖的范围很广,但本书中所提到的这些表现主义画家是1905年至l920年间,活跃在德国表现主义运动的舞台上的那部分群体。书中其他被提及的作家,有的是用作品影响了这些画家的创作,有的与这些画家有着共同的创作理念。在理念上,表现主义强调反传统,他们对社会现状不满,要求变革。受凡·高艺术的影响,在创作上,他们不满足于对客观事物的摹写,要求进一步表现事物的内在实质,突破对人的行为和人所处的环境的描绘,揭示人的灵魂和内心的感情世界,以此来引起观众的强烈震撼和共鸣,并给人们提供了看待周围世界的全新视角。表现主义的这一创作观点与野兽派亨利·马蒂斯的观点很不一致,后者认为艺术应该能给人带来内心的祥和与平静,起到抚慰的作用。
表现主义画家在创作过程中改变了以往以写实为主的油画传统,注重通过作品来表达画家个人的真实情感。表现主义的创作受到民间艺术和原始艺术,如非洲艺术的启发。其作品大都色彩鲜艳,轮廓粗犷,虽然在其间也能看见具体的形象,但绝不写实。它们直接、纯朴、直觉地表达了画家的情感。与野兽派的技法较为相近,表现主义擅长运用扭曲的线条或是粗犷的色彩轮廓。
表现主义的影响不仅仅局限于美术界,其创作理念在戏剧、电影、文学以及建筑领域中都有所体现。表现主义画家的生平也有着许多共同之处,比如为了讨好父母,他们大都从学习应用工艺美术起步,如家居设计等。尽管他们后来也有了自己个性化的创作,但这些实用技巧仍会在他们的作品中有所体现。因为试图通过这种新的创作方式向传统而保守的社会观念发起挑战,在出现之初,便受到艺术评论家的公然嘲笑,引起了公众的极度愤慨。不过,随着时代的变迁,表现主义逐渐为人们所接受,甚至成为年轻人崇拜的对象。
第一次世界大战对表现主义画家影响很大。战争期间,他们有的逃离了德国,过着流亡的生活,有些从此就再也没能回去。他们中的大多数都参加了战争,有的在战斗中不幸牺牲。参战之初,他们对战争抱有幻想,期望它能使这个腐化的世界变得更美好,但是战争爆发后不久,这个幻想就破灭了。在亲眼目睹了无数的流血、牺牲、人们流离失所、痛苦挣扎的情景之后,这些画家的精神受到了极大的摧残,战后纷纷在作品中对当时所经历的恐惧和伤害进行了刻画。
一战结束后,百废待兴,表现主义也在德国风靡一时,成为主流艺术。1933年,希特勒上台,情况随之发生了变化。在表现主义作品中,希特勒看到了不利于德国当时所采取的种族灭绝政策的倾向,便宣布表现主义画家都是“堕落分子”。他们在德国社会中已无立足之地,纷纷失去了工作,被迫离开祖国。1937年,纳粹当局从德国博物馆搜罗出上千幅表现主义作品,并组织了一场名为“堕落艺术”的大型展览,以此来宣扬这种艺术形式的腐朽和败坏。解析： 暂无解析 -
第13题：
The most appropriate title for this text could be __.（ ）
[A] Fluctuation of Art Prices
[B] Up-to-date Art Auctions
[C] Art Market in Decline
[D] Shifted Interest in Arts
正确答案：C
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第14题：
Text 1 The longest bull run in a century of artmarket history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst,Beautiful Inside My Head Forever,at Sotheby's in London on September 15th,2008.All but two pieces sold,fetching more than￡70m,a record for a sale by a single artist.It was a last victory.As the auctioneer called out bids,in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street,Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003.At its peak in 2007 it was worth some$65 billion,reckons Clare McAndrew,founder of Arts Economics,a research firm—double the figure five years earlier.Since then it may have come down to$50 billion.But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth,enormous egos,greed,passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst's sale,spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms.Sales of contemporary art fell by twothirds,and in the most overheated sector,they were down by nearly 90%in the year to November 2008.Within weeks the world's two biggest auction houses,Sotheby's and Christie's,had to pay out nearly$200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989.This time experts reckon that prices are about 40%down on their peak on average,though some have been far more fluctuant.But Edward Dolman,Christie's chief executive,says:“I'm pretty confident we're at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last,he says,is that there are still buyers in the market.Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds—death,debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market.But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away,waiting for confidence to return.
In the first paragraph,Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as“a last victory”because_____A.the art market had witnessed a succession of victories
B.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids
C.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces
D.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis答案：D解析：推理题【命题思路】这是一道因果推理题。考生需要找出原因和结果。【直击答案】根据题干关键词“first paragraph”和“last victory”定位到第一段的倒数第二句“it was a last victory”。it指代文章前面所叙述的赫斯特作品大卖，创造了极佳的销售业绩。由第一句话可知，这个持续时间最长的艺术品市场牛市以赫斯特的作品成功拍卖而终止。而出现这一现象的原因在首段尾句进行了总结：“as the auctioneer called out bids,…，Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy”，D项中的world financial crisis是原文中filed for bankruptcy的同义替换。因此，D项为正确选项。 -
第15题：
Text 4 Shortly after The Economist went to press,about 25,000 people were expected to rurn up at the London Art Fair.Your correspondent visited just before,as 128 white booths were being filled with modern paintings and sculptures.Dealers clutched mobile phones to their ears or gathered in small groups.They seemed nervous-as well they might be."I can eam a year's living in one fair,"said one harried dealer while stringing up a set oflights.Before 1999 London had just one regular contemporary art fair,remembers Will Ramsay,boss of the expanding Affordable Art Fair.This year around 20 will be held in Britain,mostly in the capitaL Roughly 90 will take place worldwide:The success of larger events such as Frieze,which started in London,has stimulated the growth of smaller fairs specialising in craft work,ceramics and other things.Art14,which started last year,specialises in less well-known intemational galleries,showing art from Sub-Saharan Africa,South Korea and Hong Kong.One explanation for the boom is the overall growth of the modern-art market.Four fifihs of all art sold at auction worldwide last year was from the 20th or 21st century,according to Artprice,a database.In November an auction in New York of modern and contemporary art made$691m（￡422m）,easily breaking the previous record.As older art becomes harder to buy-much ofit is locked up in museums-demand for recent works is rising.London's art market in particular has been boosted by an influx of rich immigrants from Russia,China and the Middle East."When I started 23 years ago I had not a single non-Western foreign buyer,"says Kenny Schachter,an art dealer."It's a different world now."And London's new rich buy arl differently.They ofien spend little time in the capital and do not know it well.Traipsing around individual galleries is inconvenient,particularly as galleries have moved out of central London.The mall-like set-up of a fair is much more suitable.Commercial galleries used to rely on regular visits from rich Britons seeking to fumish their stately homes.Many were family friends.The new art buyers have no such loyalty.People now visit galleries mainly to go to events and to be seen,says Alan Cristea,a gallery owner on Cork street in Mayfair.Fairs,and the parties that spring up around them,are much better places to be spotted.Some galleries are feeling squeezed.Bemard Jacobson runs a gallery opposite Mr Cristea.The changing art market reminds him ofwhen his father,a chemist,was eclipsed by Boots,a pharmaceutical chain,in the 1960s.Seven galleries in Cork Street relocated this month to make way for a redevelopment;five more may follow later this year.Yet the rise ofthe fairs means galleries no longer require prime real estate,thinks Sarah Monk of the London Art Fair.With an intemational clientele,many can work online or from home.Although some art fairs still require their exhibitors to have a gallery space,increasingly these are small places outside central London or beyond the city altogether.One gallery owner says few rich customers ever visit his shop in south London.He makes all his contacts at the booths he sets up at fairs,which might be twice the sizc of his store."It's a little like fishing:'he explains."You move to where the pike is."
Art fairs are expanding prosperously in that______.A.the cost ofholding an art fair becomes affordable
B.cross-trade galleries take place worldwide
C.contemporary art market is growing faster than before
D.the rapid growth of the modern art market is mainly in developing countries答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据定位词我们可得知第二、三段都有提及，其中的第三段点明了题目中的原因，即One explanation for the boom is the overall growth of the modem-{ui market。（全球当代艺术市场的发展是艺术博览会快速发展的原因之一。）与这个信息相对应的选项为C项contemporary art market is growing faster than before“当代艺术市场发展速度比之前快”，故C项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项affordable在第二段出现，即Affordable Art Fair，指平价艺术品展览会，但文中并未提及成本变平价。B项中的cross-trade是跨行业的意思，文中没有体现。D项在段落中没有体现，因此均排除。 -
第16题：
We explicitly make allowance for the fact that production
.______when the artist dies, implying that the collectors can be sure that in the future no new similar pieces of art will put pressure on the prices in this specific market segment.A.confines
B.conforms
C.ceases
D.continues答案：C解析：本题考查形近词辨析。题目意为“我们明确地考虑到这一事实：当艺术家去世时，艺术创作就停止了。这意味着收藏家可以肯定，未来不会再有新的类似的艺术作品给这一具体细分市场的价格带来压力。”A选项“限制，禁闭”，B选项“符合”，C选项“停止”，D选项“继续，连续”。当艺术家去世时，应该是不会再进行艺术创作了。
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第17题：
共用题干
Changes in Museums
Museums have changed.They are no longer places that one"should"visit;they are places to enjoy and learn.
At a science museum in Ontario,Canada,you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body.At the Metropolitan（大城市的）Museum of Art in New York City , you can look at the seventeenth century instruments while listening to their music.At New York's American Museum of Natural History recently,you can help make a bone-by- bone reproduction of the museum's dinosaur（恐 龙）,a beast that lived 200 million years ago.
More and more museum directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing.In many science museums,for example,there are no guided tours.The visitor is encouraged to touch,listen,operate,and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science.The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it,and those who fear science will not use it to best advantage.
One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time.Another cause is the rising percentage of young people in the population.Many of these young people are college students or college graduates.Leon F.Twiggs,a young black professor of art once said,"They see things in a new and different way.They are not satisfied to stand and look at works of art;they want art they can participate（参加）in."The same is true of science and history.Young people who are well-educated like the art they can participate in.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析：第二段中提到，人们在博物馆中可以感受头发直立、聆听古老乐器的演奏，以及帮忙制作恐龙模型等。第三段第三句又提到，参观者被鼓励去触摸、聆听、操作和做实验等。由此可知，人们在博物馆中，可以参与很多活动。
第二段最后一句提到，最近在美国的自然历史博物馆，你可以帮忙制作恐龙模型，这只是表明美国自然历史博物馆最近开办了这项活动，并不是说美国自然历史博物馆最近才开放。
根据第三段的第二句和第三句可知，博物馆鼓励参观者去触摸，去聆听，去操控，去做实验等。
根据第三段第三、四句可知，博物馆所做的这些努力，就是想让参观者从自身体验中获得科学知识，对科学的世界不再感到陌生。
全篇文章并未提到所有的科学博物馆是否是免费开放的。
根据第四段第一句可知，导致这些变化（包括更多人去博物馆）的原因之一就是人们有了更多的财富和业余时间。
根据第四段倒数第二句可知，大多数年轻人喜欢他们可以参与其中的艺术。 -
第18题：
问答题Expressionism Expressionism is an art movement that produced a wealth of wonderful works of art, and the lives of the artists who created them were no less colorful and exciting. The word expressionism can be used to describe art from different times and places, most of them were part of a movement that took place in Germany from 1905 to 1920. They shared some of the beliefs. Those beliefs were that art should try to change society, to make it less conservative. It should express the energy of nature—following in the footsteps of Vincent van Gogh—-and personal feeling rather than simply representing nature. It should feel uncomfortable, which means it should challenge the traditional ways of looking at the world. This differed from the opinion of Henri Matisse who believed that art should be comfortable. Expressionist art should be inspired by folk art, and the art of what were then called primitive people, for example from Africa. The aim of the Expressionists was to express personal feeling about what they were painting rather than representing it exactly as it was. It should have strong colors and shapes, be relatively direct, untutored and unplanned and should still contain recognizable things, but not be realistic. The lines could be distorted, and the colors could be strengthened or changed as in the art movement that began in 1905 called Fauvism. Expressionism was more than a style in painting. It could be found in theatre and cinema, literature and architecture. It was a sharing of ideas and experiences across all these media. The life stories of the Expressionist artists show just how much they had in common. Many began by studying applied art, such as furniture design, often to please their parents. Although they later made more personal art, they continued to make use of those technical skills. Both art critics and the public received this new movement with derision and outrage. Expressionist artists were trying to shock by challenging the traditional, conservative views held by many people. Gradually, however, it became accepted and even admired. All the Expressionists were affected by World War I (1914-18). Some fled from Germany and spent the war years in exile. Some never returned to their homeland. Most served in the war and some were killed. At first some of them hoped a war would change society for the better but they were soon disillusioned when they saw the destruction and suffering that it caused. In the years after the war, many Expressionist artist revealed the horrors they experienced in their work. After World War I, Expressionism became very fashionable in Germany, where art was allowed to flourish. This freedom ended in 1933 when Hitler declared all Expressionists were degenerate. This led to them being sacked from their jobs or forced to leave Germany. In 1937 the Nazis took thousands of art works from German museums and put them in an enormous exhibition called the Degenerate Art Exhibition, to show how bad and decadent this art was. It presented a view of the world that went against their political and cultural ambitions to rid Germany of all inferior races.正确答案： 【参考译文】
表现主义 表现主义是20世纪初至30年代盛行于欧美一些国家的艺术流派。它首先出现于美术界,后来在音乐、文学、戏剧以及电影等领域得到重大发展。艺术家们从丰富多彩的现实生活中提取素材,创作了大量优秀的艺术作品。虽然表现主义涵盖的范围很广,但本书中所提到的这些表现主义画家是1905年至1920年间,活跃在德国表现主义运动的舞台上的那部分群体。书中其他被提及的作家,有的是用作品影响了这些画家的创作,有的与这些画家有着共同的创作理念。在理念上,表现主义强调反传统,表现主义画家对社会现状不满,要求变革。受凡·高艺术的影响,在创作上,他们不满足于对客观事物的摹写,要求进一步表现事物的内在实质,突破对人的行为和人所处的环境的描绘,揭示人的灵魂和内心的感情世界,以此来引起观众的强烈震撼和共鸣,它给人们提供了看待周围世界的全新视角。表现主义的这一创作观点与野兽派亨利·马蒂斯的观点很不一致,后者认为艺术应该能给人带来内心的祥和与平静,起到抚慰的作用。
表现主义画家在创作过程中改变了以往以写实为主的油画传统,注重通过作品来表达画家个人的真实情感。表现主义的创作受到民间艺术和原始艺术,如非洲艺术的启发。其作品大都色彩鲜艳,轮廓粗犷,虽然在其间也能看见具体的形象,但绝不写实。它们直接、纯朴、直觉地表达了画家的情感。与野兽派的技法较为相近,它擅长运用扭曲的线条或是粗犷的色彩轮廓。
表现主义的影响不仅仅局限于美术界,其创作理念在戏剧、电影、文学以及建筑领域中都有所体现。表现主义画家的生平也有着许多共同之处,比如为了讨好父母,他们大都从学习应用工艺美术起步,如家居设计等。尽管他们后来也有了自己个性化的创作,但这些实用技巧仍会在他们的作品中有所体现。因为试图通过这种新的创作方式向传统而保守的社会观念发起挑战,在出现之初,便受到艺术评论家的公然嘲笑,引起了公众的极度愤慨。不过,随着时代的变迁,它逐渐为人们所接受,甚至成为年轻人崇拜的对象。
第一次世界大战对表现主义画家影响很大。战争期间,他们有的逃离了德国,过着流亡的生活,有些从此就再也没能回去。他们中的大多数都参加了战争,有的在战斗中不幸牺牲。参战之初,他们对战争抱有幻想,期望它能使这个腐化的世界变得更美好,但是战争爆发后不久,这个幻想就破灭了。在亲眼目睹了无数的流血、牺牲、人们流离失所、痛苦挣扎的情景之后,这些画家的精神受到了极大的摧残,战后纷纷在作品中对当时所经历的恐惧和伤害进行了刻画。
一战结束后,百废待兴,表现主义也在德国风靡一时,成为主流艺术。1933年,希特勒上台,情况随之发生了变化。在表现主义作品中,希特勒看到了不利于德国当时所采取的种族灭绝政策的倾向,便宣布表现主义画家都是“堕落分子”。他们在德国社会中已无立足之地,纷纷失去了工作,被迫离开祖国。1937年,纳粹当局从德国博物馆搜罗出上千幅表现主义作品,并组织了一场名为“堕落艺术”的大型展览,以此来宣扬这种艺术形式的腐朽和败坏。解析： 暂无解析 -
第19题：
问答题What do you think of art education in the kindergartens?正确答案： I think art education in the kindergartens is very wise. The kindergarten period is very important since it is the golden period to explore a kid’s art talent and in fact kids at this period learn things very fast. I believe it is highly beneficial to cultivate and develop the kids’ art talents during this period.解析：
幼儿园时期是人一生中非常重要的时期，它是挖掘一个孩子的艺术天赋的黄金期。在这个阶段培养美感对孩子未来的发展大有益处。 -
第20题：
单选题American artists learnt about the new movement in European art through all means EXCEPT _____.Atrips to Europe
Bexhibitions held in the States
Clectures given by successful artists such as the photographer Affred Stieglitz
Dthe Armory Show of 1913
正确答案： C解析：
文中第一段讲到“American artists become acquainted with the new art on their trips to...”，美国艺术家通过他们去巴黎的旅行和在纽约的著名的摄影师阿尔弗雷德·斯蒂格里茨的291画廊举办的展览了解了新艺术。再加上上题所分析的1913年在纽约举办的引起轰动的军械库艺博会，故答案为C。 -
第21题：
单选题What is the passage mainly about?AThe development of European art.
BModern art development in the United States.
CModern artists in the United States.
DModernism and Cubism.
正确答案： B解析：
纵观全文，第一段写美国的现代艺术由欧洲的新艺术运动传来，第二段写美国的现代派所受到的影响及其转变，第三段具体介绍现代派之一的立体派。所以，全文是关于现代艺术在美国的发展，故答案为B。 -
第22题：
单选题The passage is mainly discussing _____.Athe difference between general history and art history
Bthe making of art history
Cwhat we can learn from art
Dthe influence of artists on art history
正确答案： A解析：
文章第一段第一句点明了主题。虽然第一、二段对比了通史和艺术历史的差异，但并非讨论的中心，因为大量篇幅是用来讲述艺术的表现功能和作用，如最后一段，故C符合题意。 -
第23题：
单选题According to the talk, for what is the Glasgow School of Art famous?AIts educational faculty.
BIts collection of art works.
CIts architectural design.
DIts museums and art galleries.
正确答案： D解析：
推理判断题。关于Glasgow School of Art（格拉斯哥艺学院）以什么而闻名遐迩，录音第一句“格拉斯哥是一个研究建筑的好地方”便奠定了主题。接下来的支持性细节提到了Glasgow School of Art，指出该学校是闻名的建筑艺术学校，其设计出于名家之手。由此可推测，选项C（其建筑设计）与录音原文相符。
【录音原文】
Glasgow is certainly a good place to study architecture. The Glasgow School of Art is famous and everywhere there are magnificent buildings like the School of Art itself, which was designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh.