单选题In the eyes of the author, the greatest trouble with the US society may lay in ______.A the non-existence of consensus on the forms of the society should takeB the lack of divergence over the common organizations of social lifeC the non-acceptance of a
题目
单选题
In the eyes of the author, the greatest trouble with the US society may lay in ______.
A
the non-existence of consensus on the forms of the society should take
B
the lack of divergence over the common organizations of social life
C
the non-acceptance of a society based on individual diversity
D
the pervasive distress caused by national morale decline
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更多“单选题In the eyes of the author, the greatest trouble with the US society may lay in ______.A the non-existence of consensus on the forms of the society should takeB the lack of divergence over the common organizations of social lifeC the non-acceptance of a”相关问题
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第1题：
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to protnote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.
In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
?Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite similar in many ways because__________.A.people there have got so accustomed to their conditions that they seldom think it necessary to change
B.people there have identical needs that can be satisfied without much difficulty
C.people there are easy to please
D.people there are less disputed答案：A解析：由第一段最后一句“although conditions may not be satisfactory，they are at least customary and undisputed”可知答案为A，此选项是对原文的同义转述。 -
第2题：
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to protnote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.
In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
The passage is mainly discussing__________.A.certain factors that determine the ease with which social changes occur
B.certain factors that promote social change
C.the necessity of social change
D.two different societies答案：A解析：全文共三段，根据每段的第一句“Social change is more likely to occur in societies…”，“Wi“n a society，social changes is also likely to occur more frequenfly and more readily in…”和“Furthermore，social change is easier if it is gradual”可知，本文讲的不是哪些因素能推动社会变革，而是哪些因素使社会变革 更容易发生，因此选A。 -
第3题：
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways． The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society． There are more ideas,more disagreements in interest,and more groups and organizations with different beliefs． In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies． All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision． In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seetns to be the same． And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed．
Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic mad less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites ; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements．
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual． For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference． This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts．
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society．A. Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society．
B. Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow down social change．
C. Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society．
D. Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young．答案：B解析：根据第二段“social changes is also likely to occur more frequentry and more readily in the material aspects…in what has been leamed later in life rather than what was learned early．in the less basic and less emotional aspectsof societythanintheir opposites”可知A、C、D项都正确．而由第一段最后一句可知，不同的观点以及对现状不满可以加速社会变革．因此B项错误。 -
第4题：
共用题干
第一篇
A Society Without a Formal Authority
In the seventeenth century,European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the westem Great Lakes found that several native tribes（部落）were living in the area without a formal leadership system.They appeared to be"quite friendly with each other without a formal authority"!
Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority,but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions.All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by lifelong（一生的）familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indians' rate of social change was slow. Thus,although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders,no real authority was required.Rather than giving direct orders(which were considered rough),members of the tribes would arouse others to action by examples.
It would be difficult,if not impossible,to carry out such a system in our own society.Most oi us have grown up under one authority or another for as long as we can remember. Our parents,our teachers,our bosses,our government all have the recognized right under certain conditions to tell u, what to do.The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workabl( society without it.We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale.
Of course,the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large.The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often undertight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system,in modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives.After reading the passage,you may conclude that________.
A:the Indian system is also suitable for some small towns
B:the Indians tended to follow orders
C:our system is much better than the Indians'
D:the Indian system would be very difficult to implement in our society答案：D解析：本题问“下列哪项关于欧洲士兵的陈述是正确的？”文章第一段提到“欧洲士兵偶然遇见一群居住在西部大湖群的印第安人”。选项A、选项B、选项D在文中都未提到。因此选项C“他们偶然遇见一些印第安部落”符合题意。
本题问“通过何种方法部落成员使其他成员做事”。文章第二段末尾提到“部落成员通过榜样的力量唤起其他成员采取行动，而不是发出直接命令”。由此可知选项 B“通过榜样”符合题意。
本题是“根据作者的看法，一个社会没有······很难运转”。文章第三段中间提到："The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workable society without it.”因此选A。
本题是“读过文章，可得出结论······”。文章前两段谈到印第安部落的制度模式，第三段提到“It would be difficult, if not impossible, to carry out such a system in our own society"，第四段解释我们的社会不能执行印第安人的制度的原因。综上所述，选项D“印第安制度很难在我们的社会中执行”符合题意。implement等于carry out（执行）。
本题是“从文章中可以看出，执行我们社会中的任务······”。文章最后一段说“The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often under tight time"。因此选项C“没有任何施延”符合提议。 -
第5题：
共用题干
第一篇
A Society Without a Formal Authority
In the seventeenth century,European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the westem Great Lakes found that several native tribes（部落）were living in the area without a formal leadership system.They appeared to be"quite friendly with each other without a formal authority"!
Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority,but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions.All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by lifelong（一生的）familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indians' rate of social change was slow. Thus,although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders,no real authority was required.Rather than giving direct orders(which were considered rough),members of the tribes would arouse others to action by examples.
It would be difficult,if not impossible,to carry out such a system in our own society.Most oi us have grown up under one authority or another for as long as we can remember. Our parents,our teachers,our bosses,our government all have the recognized right under certain conditions to tell u, what to do.The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workabl( society without it.We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale.
Of course,the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large.The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often undertight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system,in modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives.According to the author,it is hard for a society to work without_______.
A:a recognized authority
B:enough money
C:examples
D:changes答案：A解析：本题问“下列哪项关于欧洲士兵的陈述是正确的？”文章第一段提到“欧洲士兵偶然遇见一群居住在西部大湖群的印第安人”。选项A、选项B、选项D在文中都未提到。因此选项C“他们偶然遇见一些印第安部落”符合题意。
本题问“通过何种方法部落成员使其他成员做事”。文章第二段末尾提到“部落成员通过榜样的力量唤起其他成员采取行动，而不是发出直接命令”。由此可知选项 B“通过榜样”符合题意。
本题是“根据作者的看法，一个社会没有······很难运转”。文章第三段中间提到："The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workable society without it.”因此选A。
本题是“读过文章，可得出结论······”。文章前两段谈到印第安部落的制度模式，第三段提到“It would be difficult, if not impossible, to carry out such a system in our own society"，第四段解释我们的社会不能执行印第安人的制度的原因。综上所述，选项D“印第安制度很难在我们的社会中执行”符合题意。implement等于carry out（执行）。
本题是“从文章中可以看出，执行我们社会中的任务······”。文章最后一段说“The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often under tight time"。因此选项C“没有任何施延”符合提议。 -
第6题：
单选题It can be concluded from the passage that the author’s major concern is ______.Athe continuing social progress and prosperity
Bthe development of western philosophy
Ccorporate, civic and personal responsibilities
Dgeneral well-being of the society
正确答案： D解析：
本文首先指出在经济发展、社会财富大增时，人们却感到空虚，缺少归属感和幸福感，接着作者便谈到politics of happiness，社会上每个人都应发挥自己的作用，这样自己最终也会收获幸福。文章最后强调“That is why focusing on general well-being could be the big, defining political concept of the 21st century”。可见作者关注的重点是社会整体幸福感。 -
第7题：
单选题The author uses the term “common ground of understanding” to refer to ______.Afamiliar legislation regarding political activity
Bthe experiences that all adolescents share
Ca society’s general sense of its own political activity
Da society’s willingness to resolve political tensions
正确答案： A解析：
词义推测题。本短语见于第二段第四句。由这一短语后所举的例子可知，“理解共识”指的是社会对诸如国家和公民之间相互的正当需求、政府与社会机构之间的正常关系等在理解上的一种认识，故C项为正确答案。 -
第8题：
单选题The author believes that ______.Aart is useful only when it is made into a money earner
Bthe promotion of economic growth is the only goal of today’s society
Cuniversities should not provide literature or art courses
Dthe society needs both technical skills and arts
正确答案： A解析：
推理题。“it has even been pointed out in justification for the funding of the arts that they can be useful money earners. ”艺术同样可以挣钱。 -
第9题：
单选题The author concludes that only shared myths can help Americans ______.Ato bring about the uniformity of their culture
Bto regain their consensus about a common experience
Cto stay away from negative feelings in their life
Dto counteract the effects of consensus about society
正确答案： B解析：
推断题。答案出自第三段: Only a common myth can offer relief from the fear that life is without meaning or purpose. …Such myths help to ward off feelings of isolations, guilt, anxiety, and purposelessness--in short, they combat isolation and the breakdown of social standards and values. -
第10题：
单选题According to the passage, which of the following would be the most accurate description of the society envisioned by most Saint-Simonians?AA society in which women were highly regarded for their extensive education.
BA society in which the two genders played complementary roles and had equal status.
CA society in which women did not enter public life.
DA social order in which a body of men and women would rule together on the basis of their spiritual power.
正确答案： B解析：
由文章第三段最后一句话可知，虽然Saint-Simonians不反对男女之间的差别，但是他们主张男女平等的社会地位和社会角色。B选项正是此意。A，C，D选项的内容在文中均未提及。 -
第11题：
单选题The author employs the phrase no longer fussed over society (line 27) to imply that the women had previously ______.Apassed judgment on those of lower social classes
Bgiven consideration to impressing and pleasing others
Ctaken great pains to find a husband for Rachel
Ddressed extravagantly so as to announce their superiority
Etried to appear to grander than their actual finances allowed
正确答案： E解析：
"no longer fussed over society"的原因是她们已经知道“everyone knew of their tragic financial downfall and there was no need to pretend otherwise.”，即她们现在不需要掩饰她们的贫困，故选B。 -
第12题：
单选题What is the author’s argument in this essay?AEducators who advocate a rounded-education should be supported.
BIt is natural for science students to learn less liberal arts.
CScience students ought to have enough knowledge about society.
DTechnical training must be reinforced in science education.
正确答案： B解析：
主旨大意题。作者在文章首段就开门见山地指出，理科生很容易脱离人文和社会学研究。该段尾句揭示了文章主旨：如果科学家想要解决社会问题，就要对政治、经济和文化领域有更多的了解，尽管这可能意味着他们要少学一些科学知识。接下来又分析了英国理科教育中存在的不合常理之处，并以人口过剩问题为例，指出由于缺乏人文知识，科学家在解决问题的过程中容易忽略社会因素。由此可以判断，作者论述的观点是科学家想要更好地解决问题就要先更好地了解社会，故答案为C项。选项A项只是作者用于证明论点的一个论据，与题意不符，可排除。B、D两项不是作者观点，故排除。 -
第13题：
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to protnote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.
In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A.Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society.
B.Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow down social change.
C.Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society.
D.Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young.答案：B解析：根据第二段“social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects…in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early…in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites”可知A、C、D项都正确，而由第一段最后一句可知，不同的观点以及对现状不满可以加速社会变革，因此B项错误。 -
第14题：
Although there are disagreements over the definition of revolution,there is a standard view that revolutions are successful social movements on a much grander（ ）.That is,involving more people and much more social change.Although social movement like the U.S.Civil Rights
Movement may be working to enact some law or produce some reform in the society,revolutions like the Chinese Revolution are aimed at major social change.A.level
B.scale
C.degree
D.range答案：B解析：on a grand scale即“大规模地”，是常用搭配。A.level“水平，水准，级别”；C.degree“等级，程度，温度”，如：by degrees渐渐地；in no degree一点也不；in a degree惊人地；D.range“范围，系列，射程”，如：a country with a wide range of temperature一个气温变化很大的国家；people in the￡3,000/4,000 income range收入在三千至四千镑之间的人。 -
第15题：
Text 4 The great recession may be over,but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning.Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults.And ultimately,it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture,and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster.Many said that unemployment,while extremely painful,had improved them in some ways:they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent;they were more aware of the struggles of others.In limited respects,perhaps the recession will leave society better off.At the very least,it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses,and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part,these benefits seem thin,uncertain,and far off.In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth,the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U．S.,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more meanspirited and less inclusive,and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms.Antiimmigrant sentiment typically increases,as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession,but it has not shrunk in this one.Indeed,this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides,and decrease opportunities to cross them—especially for young people.The research of Till Von Wachter,the economic at Columbia University,suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed:those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times;it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the Internet age,it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society.More difficult,in the moment,is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society's character.In many respects,the U.S.was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history,and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results.We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric.But they certainly will reshape it,and all the more so the longer they extend.
The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____A.certain
B.positive
C.trivial
D.destructive答案：A解析：态度题【命题思路】这是一道作者态度题，需要对文章具体内容理解的基础上能够根据原文具体细节信息辨识作者对讨论的事物所持有的态度。【直击答案】文章主要讲述了经济衰退对美国社会所产生的深刻影响，第一段开门见山总的地提出经济大衰退会重塑社会的政治、文化和社会特点，第二段谈及经济衰退产生的积极影响，第三、四段分别论述了经济萧条对社会所产生的消极影响，所以该文章既有谈及积极的影响，也有谈及消极的影响，末段进行总结，再次强调经济大萧条肯定会改变社会结构，持续的时间越长，影响越大，可以看出这些影响是肯定的（certainly），故A项为正确选项。【干扰排除】B项“积极的”在原文中第二段有谈及到，经济衰退对社会带来了一定积极的影响，但这只是局部信息，后面第三、四段谈及的是负面影响，所以B项和D项，都不能概括全文信息。C项“微不足道的”，文章谈及的正面、负面影响都比较深远，故为错误选项。 -
第16题：
共用题干
第一篇
A Society Without a Formal Authority
In the seventeenth century,European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the westem Great Lakes found that several native tribes（部落）were living in the area without a formal leadership system.They appeared to be"quite friendly with each other without a formal authority"!
Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority,but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions.All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by lifelong（一生的）familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indians' rate of social change was slow. Thus,although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders,no real authority was required.Rather than giving direct orders(which were considered rough),members of the tribes would arouse others to action by examples.
It would be difficult,if not impossible,to carry out such a system in our own society.Most oi us have grown up under one authority or another for as long as we can remember. Our parents,our teachers,our bosses,our government all have the recognized right under certain conditions to tell u, what to do.The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workabl( society without it.We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale.
Of course,the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large.The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often undertight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system,in modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives.Members of the tribes got others to do things___________.
A:with resolution
B:by examples
C:by force
D:with effort答案：B解析：本题问“下列哪项关于欧洲士兵的陈述是正确的？”文章第一段提到“欧洲士兵偶然遇见一群居住在西部大湖群的印第安人”。选项A、选项B、选项D在文中都未提到。因此选项C“他们偶然遇见一些印第安部落”符合题意。
本题问“通过何种方法部落成员使其他成员做事”。文章第二段末尾提到“部落成员通过榜样的力量唤起其他成员采取行动，而不是发出直接命令”。由此可知选项 B“通过榜样”符合题意。
本题是“根据作者的看法，一个社会没有······很难运转”。文章第三段中间提到："The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workable society without it.”因此选A。
本题是“读过文章，可得出结论······”。文章前两段谈到印第安部落的制度模式，第三段提到“It would be difficult, if not impossible, to carry out such a system in our own society"，第四段解释我们的社会不能执行印第安人的制度的原因。综上所述，选项D“印第安制度很难在我们的社会中执行”符合题意。implement等于carry out（执行）。
本题是“从文章中可以看出，执行我们社会中的任务······”。文章最后一段说“The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often under tight time"。因此选项C“没有任何施延”符合提议。 -
第17题：
共用题干
第一篇
A Society Without a Formal Authority
In the seventeenth century,European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the westem Great Lakes found that several native tribes（部落）were living in the area without a formal leadership system.They appeared to be"quite friendly with each other without a formal authority"!
Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority,but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions.All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by lifelong（一生的）familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indians' rate of social change was slow. Thus,although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders,no real authority was required.Rather than giving direct orders(which were considered rough),members of the tribes would arouse others to action by examples.
It would be difficult,if not impossible,to carry out such a system in our own society.Most oi us have grown up under one authority or another for as long as we can remember. Our parents,our teachers,our bosses,our government all have the recognized right under certain conditions to tell u, what to do.The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workabl( society without it.We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale.
Of course,the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large.The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often undertight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system,in modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives.It can be inferred from the passage that many tasks in our society have to be carried out_________.
A:under severe weather conditions
B:without any effort
C:without any delay
D:with ease答案：C解析：本题问“下列哪项关于欧洲士兵的陈述是正确的？”文章第一段提到“欧洲士兵偶然遇见一群居住在西部大湖群的印第安人”。选项A、选项B、选项D在文中都未提到。因此选项C“他们偶然遇见一些印第安部落”符合题意。
本题问“通过何种方法部落成员使其他成员做事”。文章第二段末尾提到“部落成员通过榜样的力量唤起其他成员采取行动，而不是发出直接命令”。由此可知选项 B“通过榜样”符合题意。
本题是“根据作者的看法，一个社会没有······很难运转”。文章第三段中间提到："The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workable society without it.”因此选A。
本题是“读过文章，可得出结论······”。文章前两段谈到印第安部落的制度模式，第三段提到“It would be difficult, if not impossible, to carry out such a system in our own society"，第四段解释我们的社会不能执行印第安人的制度的原因。综上所述，选项D“印第安制度很难在我们的社会中执行”符合题意。implement等于carry out（执行）。
本题是“从文章中可以看出，执行我们社会中的任务······”。文章最后一段说“The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often under tight time"。因此选项C“没有任何施延”符合提议。 -
第18题：
单选题By saying “condemning all of us to remain boys and girls forever, jogging and doing push-ups against eternity”, the author means that .Ashe thinks people shouldn’t be so concerned about physical fitness
Bshe feels too old and tired to do such hard exercise
CAmerican society is overemphasizing youth and physical appearance
Dwhat happened to children centuries ago may occur to adults in America soon
正确答案： A解析：
语义题。题干所引用部分出现在文章第五段，该引用部分之前提到“If in the old days children did not exist, it seems equally true today that adults, as a class, have begun to disappear”（如果在过去孩子不存在，那么如今成人这一阶层正在逐渐消失似乎同样可信）。因此选项D表述正确，即由于过去孩子们的一切都几乎和成人一样，因此孩子这一概念不存在，那么如今成人这个阶层也将消失。 -
第19题：
单选题The commitment (line 26) consists of Holden's dedication to ______.Aprodigal behavior
Bchanging the social order
Cmoral self-improvement
Dbecoming more productive
Eaccepting the standards of society
正确答案： E解析：
"commitment"这里是指霍尔顿一心浪费他的财富，也就是指他挥霍的行为。 -
第20题：
单选题What is the speaker’s attitude toward individualism?AFamilies and troops should not be influenced by individualism, which is very strong in our society.
BWe should nurture virtues like self-sacrifice, loyalty and love to phase out individualism.
CIndividualism is so strong in our society that it will replace virtues like self-sacrifice, loyalty and love even in families.
DAn individualistic society is not what we want, though it’s powerful.
正确答案： D解析：
观点态度题。录音中指出“It’s so easy for the powerful force of individualism to wash over and transform institutions—like family, religion and the military—that are supposed to be based on self-sacrifice, loyalty and love”，表明个人主义势力很强大，某些社会单位，如家庭、宗教组织和军队等很容易受其冲击和发生改变。而这些组织应该建立在自我牺牲、忠诚和爱的基础上的。由此可推测，讲话者认为虽然个人主义在社会中势头强大，家庭、军队等组织也不应受其影响。因此，选项A为正确答案。
【录音原文】
The larger, far more important point is that in a society as individualistic as ours, it’s especially important to protect and nurture the countervailing institutions. It’s so easy for the powerful force of individualism to wash over and transform institutions—like family, religion and the military—that are supposed to be based on self-sacrifice, loyalty and love. -
第21题：
单选题The author of The Portrait of a Lady is best at _____.Aprobing into the unsearched secret part of human life
Ba truthful delineation of the motives, the impulses, the principles that shape the lives of actual men and women
Cdramatizing the collisions between two very different cultural systems on an international scene
Ddisclosing the social injustices and evils of a civilized society after the Civil War
正确答案： C解析：
《一个女士的画像》的作者亨利·詹姆斯以一系列关于美国人到欧洲及在欧洲的遭遇为体裁的小说而闻名。 -
第22题：
单选题By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to render the idea that man is _____.Aa necessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligible
Bworking in complete harmony with the rest of the society
Can unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothly
Da humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly
正确答案： D解析：
small, a well-oiled cog微小的、运转很好的一个齿轮，小齿轮相对于社会这个大工厂的意义并不大，可以替换，但由于涂好了油，所以运行良好。由此可以推断，作者这里想表明个人即使在社会中工作状态良好，对于整个社会的意义也并不重要。 -
第23题：
单选题The author thinks living alone is disastrous mainly because singleton is _____.Aharmful to people’s life
Bdestructive to our ecosystem
Cdangerous to plants and animals
Dunworkable in our society
正确答案： D解析：
第二段作者提到刚刚发表的一项令人沮丧的研究说全球倾向于独居的趋势正在给我们的生态系统造成前所未有的压力。第三段第二句作者又提到独居给自然资源造成不可忍受的压力，加速了濒危动植物的灭绝。