填空题Early empathy is important for us in that it affects our later life a lot.____

第1题：

It is very important for us to find a () between work life and home life.

A.way

B.balance

C.blank

正确答案：B

第2题：

We live in a materialistic society and are trained from our earliest years to be acquisitive（贪婪的）.Our possessions,“mine”and“yours”,are clearly（）from early childhood.When we grow older enough to earn a living,it does not surprise us to discover that success is measures in terms of the money we earn.

A.signed
B.noted
C.impressed
D.labeled

答案：D

解析：

label“贴标签于”，符合文意。后一句意思是：在很小的时候，我们的物品就分成“你的、“我的”，好像上面标了标签。A.sign“签名”；B.note“记录”；C.impress“盖印章”。

第3题：

Our teacher never__us leave class early.

A.lets
B.allows
C.make
D.tells

答案：A

解析：

四个被选项中只有let和make之后可接省to的不定式，make意为“使，迫使”，但它不是第三人称单数；let意为“让”。因此，选A。

第4题：

共用题干
Kicking the Habit

What is a bad habit?The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,almost
without thinking about it,and which has some sort of negative consequence.This consequence could affect
those around us,or it could affect us personally.Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad
habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits,like sucking our thumb,are broken when we are very young.We are either told to
stop doing it by our parents,or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
habit,and we gradually grow out of it.It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in
our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem.Unless we can break that habit early on,it
becomes a part of our life,and becomes"programmed"into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits,it is the
old ways that tend to win,especially in situations where we are rushed,stressed or overworked.Habits that
we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back.During the study programme,the researchers showed
a group of volunteers several pictures,and gave them words to associate with them.They then showed the
volunteers the same pictures again,and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later,the volunteers were given a test.The researchers showed them the pictures,and told
them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one.It came as no surprise that their an-
swers were split between the first set of words and the second.Two weeks later,they were given the same test

again.This time,most of them only gave the first set of. words.They appeared to have completely forgotten
the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.We may
try to change our ways,hut after a while,the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned.The more that response is used,the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond
in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time,our had habits also become automatic,learned behavior.
This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break
them.Even when we try to put new,good intentions into practice,those previously learned habits remain
stronger in more automatic,unconscious forms of memory.

The study suggests that it is more difficult to respond to what we learn first?
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

答案：C

解析：

文章第二段讲到，一些早期的习惯，像吮吸手指之类的习惯在我们很小的时候就戒掉了。并没有说男孩子们在小时候通常会染上坏习惯。故选C。
在文章第二段中，作者指出我们之所以能戒掉早期的坏习惯是因为有父母告诉我们不要这样做，或者是我们有意或无意地观察到别人都不这样做。文章中并没有说我们戒掉坏习惯的唯一方法是别人的告知。故选B。
文章第三段讲到，最近一项关于人类记洲忆力的研究表明不管我们如何努力地尝试着改变坏习惯，坏习惯还是难以戒掉，特别是在我们忙碌，紧张或是过度劳累的时候，我们认为已经戒掉的坏习惯就会突然跑回来。故选A。
由文章第四段第三句话“It came as no surprise that...“，可知研究者对测试结果毫不奇怪，在他们意料之中。故选B。
文章第四段讲到，两个星期后，这些被测试者重新做相同的测试。大多数人只能给出第一组的单词，好像他们完全忘了第二组单词。文章中并未提到被测试者发现第二次测试要难一些。故选C。
文章倒数第一二段指出，这一研究证实了这一点，我们第一次学到的反应方式在一段时间后仍然在我们脑海里留下最深印象、尽管我们试图去改变，但一段时间后，首先出现在脑海的还是我们第一次学到的反应方式。文章中并未提到研究表明对我们最先学习的那些东西做出反应更加困难。故选C。
文章最后一段讲到，研究表明在一段时间后，坏习惯会变成无章识的习得性行为。这对那些在年轻时就染上坏习惯而现在想要戒掉的人们来说不是个好消息。也就是说，年轻时染上的坏习惯很难戒掉。故选A。

第5题：

共用题干
Kicking the Habit

What is a bad habit?The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,almost
without thinking about it,and which has some sort of negative consequence.This consequence could affect
those around us,or it could affect us personally.Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad
habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits,like sucking our thumb,are broken when we are very young.We are either told to
stop doing it by our parents,or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
habit,and we gradually grow out of it.It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in
our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem.Unless we can break that habit early on,it
becomes a part of our life,and becomes"programmed"into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits,it is the
old ways that tend to win,especially in situations where we are rushed,stressed or overworked.Habits that
we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back.During the study programme,the researchers showed
a group of volunteers several pictures,and gave them words to associate with them.They then showed the
volunteers the same pictures again,and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later,the volunteers were given a test.The researchers showed them the pictures,and told
them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one.It came as no surprise that their an-
swers were split between the first set of words and the second.Two weeks later,they were given the same test

again.This time,most of them only gave the first set of. words.They appeared to have completely forgotten
the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.We may
try to change our ways,hut after a while,the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned.The more that response is used,the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond
in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time,our had habits also become automatic,learned behavior.
This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break
them.Even when we try to put new,good intentions into practice,those previously learned habits remain
stronger in more automatic,unconscious forms of memory.

If we develop bad habits early in life,they are harder to get rid of.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

答案：A

解析：

文章第二段讲到，一些早期的习惯，像吮吸手指之类的习惯在我们很小的时候就戒掉了。并没有说男孩子们在小时候通常会染上坏习惯。故选C。
在文章第二段中，作者指出我们之所以能戒掉早期的坏习惯是因为有父母告诉我们不要这样做，或者是我们有意或无意地观察到别人都不这样做。文章中并没有说我们戒掉坏习惯的唯一方法是别人的告知。故选B。
文章第三段讲到，最近一项关于人类记洲忆力的研究表明不管我们如何努力地尝试着改变坏习惯，坏习惯还是难以戒掉，特别是在我们忙碌，紧张或是过度劳累的时候，我们认为已经戒掉的坏习惯就会突然跑回来。故选A。
由文章第四段第三句话“It came as no surprise that...“，可知研究者对测试结果毫不奇怪，在他们意料之中。故选B。
文章第四段讲到，两个星期后，这些被测试者重新做相同的测试。大多数人只能给出第一组的单词，好像他们完全忘了第二组单词。文章中并未提到被测试者发现第二次测试要难一些。故选C。
文章倒数第一二段指出，这一研究证实了这一点，我们第一次学到的反应方式在一段时间后仍然在我们脑海里留下最深印象、尽管我们试图去改变，但一段时间后，首先出现在脑海的还是我们第一次学到的反应方式。文章中并未提到研究表明对我们最先学习的那些东西做出反应更加困难。故选C。
文章最后一段讲到，研究表明在一段时间后，坏习惯会变成无章识的习得性行为。这对那些在年轻时就染上坏习惯而现在想要戒掉的人们来说不是个好消息。也就是说，年轻时染上的坏习惯很难戒掉。故选A。

第6题：

共用题干
Kicking the Habit

What is a bad habit?The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,almost
without thinking about it,and which has some sort of negative consequence.This consequence could affect
those around us,or it could affect us personally.Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad
habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits,like sucking our thumb,are broken when we are very young.We are either told to
stop doing it by our parents,or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
habit,and we gradually grow out of it.It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in
our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem.Unless we can break that habit early on,it
becomes a part of our life,and becomnes"programmed"into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits,it is the
old ways that tend to win,especially in situations where we are rushed,stressed or overworked.Habits that
we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back.During the study programme,the researchers showed
a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them.They then showed the
volunteers the same pictures again,and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later,the volunteers were given a test.The researchers showed them the pictures,and told
them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one.It came as no surprise that their
answers were split between the first set of words and the second.Two weeks later,they were given the same
test again.This time,most of them only gave the first set of words.They appeared to have completely forgotten
the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.We may
try to change out ways,but after a while,the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned.The more that response is used,the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to re-
spond in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time,our bad habits also become automatic,learned behaviour.
This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break
them.Even when we try to put new,good intentions into practice,those previously learned habits remain
stronger in more automatic,unconscious forms of memory.

We can only break bad habits if others tell us to do so.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

答案：B

解析：

文章第二段讲到，一些早期的习惯，像吮吸手指之类的习惯在我们很小的时候就戒掉了。并没有说男孩子们在小时候通常会染上坏习惯。故选C。
在文章第二段中，作者指出我们之所以能戒除早期的坏习惯是因为有父母告诉我们不要这样做，或者是我们有意或无意地观察到别人都不这样做。文章中并没有说我们戒除坏习惯的唯一方法是别人的告知。故选B。
文章第三段第一句话说最近一项关于人类记忆力的研究表明不管我们如何努力地尝试着改变坏习惯，坏习惯还是难以戒掉，特别是在我们忙碌，紧张或是过度劳累的时候，我们认为已经戒掉的坏习惯就会突然跑回来。故选A。
由文章第四段第三句话“It came as no surprise that..."，可知研究者对测试结果毫不奇怪，在他们意料之中。故选B。
文章第四段讲到，两个星期后，这些被测试者重新做相同的测试。他们只能给出第一组的单词，他们表现出完全忘了第二组单词的样子。文章中并未提到被测试者发现第二次测试要难一些。故选C。
文章倒数第二段指出，这一研究证实了这一点，我们第一次学到的反应方式在一段时间后仍然在我们脑海里留下最深印象。尽管我们试图去改变，但一段时间后，首先出现在脑海的还是我们第一次学到的反应方式。题干中的说法“研究表明对我们最先学习的那些东西做出反应很困难”没有提及。故选C。
由文章最后一段讲到，研究表明在一段时间后，坏习惯会变成无意识的习得性行为。这对那些在年轻时就染上坏习惯而现在想要戒掉的人们来说不是个好消息。也就是说，年轻时染上的坏习惯很难戒掉。故选A。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

第7题：

As the author sees it，one of the most important gains from the study of great literature is( )

A.enrichment of our understanding of the past
B.broadening of our approaches to social problems
C.that it gives us a bowing acquaintance with great figures of the past
D.that it provides us with vicarious experiences which provide a much broader experience than we can get from experiences of simply our own lives alone

答案：D

解析：

第8题：

单选题

What is the main theme of the passage?

A

Expecting things to be different gives us hope

B

Accepting can make our life happier and better

C

Traditional culture becomes root of unhappiness

D

Judging good or bad is important for our world

正确答案： D

解析：
文章开头提出人们不快乐的根源是不愿意接受事物本来的样子，然后进一步分析说明，最后建议人们想要变得快乐就要学会接受、理解事物本来的样子。故选B。

第9题：

单选题

According to the woman, what harms our memories?

A

Doing too much physical exercise.

B

The number of devices in modern life.

C

Devices designed to help us remember things.

正确答案： C

解析：
对话中女士提到…devices…are designed to make sure we don’t t forget things which can make our brains more idle and weaken our memories，故C项为正确答案。

第10题：

单选题

Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important?

A

It helps us understand our memory system better.

B

It enables us to recall something from our memory.

C

It expands our memory capacity considerably.

D

It slows down the process of losing our memory.

正确答案： C

解析：
细节题。第二段首句指出“Encoding ... is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later”，编码是对某件事作出注意，而这种注意是对后来回忆该事件有巨大影响的一种特定的方法，这与A项“有助于更好地理解记忆系统”不符，故排除。B项“适当编码可使我们从记忆里回忆事件”与上面的句意相符，故B为答案。

第11题：

单选题

I strongly believe that understanding is more important than love, especially when it comes to parenting and intimate relationships. As a psychologist for more than twenty years I can tell you that I have never had an adult looking back at her childhood and complaining that her parents were too understanding. And similarly, I have met many divorced people who still love each other but yet they never really understood each other. The painful reality is that love is just not enough. I"ll admit that there are people who I love and who I still need to better understand. I hope I"ll continue my work to understand them. The willingness to understand is very important. It is not always easy, but healthy love is strengthened by the willingness to understand. Love without understanding will wilt like flowers without water. Our egos are what seem to get in the way of understanding those who we love and care about. Often it is our need to be right that makes what others think and feel so wrong for us. I have certainly been quite guilty of this in some of my relationships. As I have written repeatedly in my books, empathy, is truly the emotional glue that holds all close relationships together. Empathy allows us to slow down and try to walk in the shoes of those we love. The deeper our empathy, the deeper—and healthier—our love. Not all relationships are meant to be. Yet all relationships that are meant to flourish in a healthy way, must stress understanding just as much, if not more, than love.In this passage, the expression "walk in the shoes of" is similar in meaning to （）.

A

befriend

B

understand

C

love

D

care about

正确答案： B

解析： [解析] 词语理解题。题干的大意是：在文章中，短语“walk in the shoes of”意思接近干______。“walk in the shoes of”的字面意思是“穿着……的鞋走路，”引申意为“感同身受”，即understand，故选B。

第12题：

单选题

I strongly believe that understanding is more important than love, especially when it comes to parenting and intimate relationships. As a psychologist for more than twenty years I can tell you that I have never had an adult looking back at her childhood and complaining that her parents were too understanding. And similarly, I have met many divorced people who still love each other but yet they never really understood each other. The painful reality is that love is just not enough. I"ll admit that there are people who I love and who I still need to better understand. I hope I"ll continue my work to understand them. The willingness to understand is very important. It is not always easy, but healthy love is strengthened by the willingness to understand. Love without understanding will wilt like flowers without water. Our egos are what seem to get in the way of understanding those who we love and care about. Often it is our need to be right that makes what others think and feel so wrong for us. I have certainly been quite guilty of this in some of my relationships. As I have written repeatedly in my books, empathy, is truly the emotional glue that holds all close relationships together. Empathy allows us to slow down and try to walk in the shoes of those we love. The deeper our empathy, the deeper—and healthier—our love. Not all relationships are meant to be. Yet all relationships that are meant to flourish in a healthy way, must stress understanding just as much, if not more, than love.If we are to understand our partners, we should firstly （）.

A

have willingness to do so

B

have love for them

C

get into connection with them

D

care about them

正确答案： D

解析： [解析] 事实细节题。题干的大意是：如果要理解我们的同伴，我们首先应该______。从文章第二段第四、五句可知，有理解的意愿是首要的，故选A。

第13题：

However important wealth is, it should not become our __________in life.

A．focus
B．sense
C．conflict
D．conscience

答案：A

解析：

考查名词辨析。focus“重点，焦点”，sense“感觉，观念，道理”，conflict“矛盾，冲突”，conscience“良心，道德”。句意为“无论财富多么重要，它都不应该成为我们生活的焦点”。故选A。

第14题：

The vacuum tube,invented near the beginning of our century,gave us the use of radio waves,an energy source never before（）,and later opened the road for television.

A.was captured
B.captured
C.capturing
D.has been captured

答案：B

解析：

该题考查独立主格结构。其中该句主干为The vacuum tube gave us the use of...the road for television。而energy source与capture间是被动关系,排除C选项.另外an energy source是对其前radio waves做进一步解释，可见“an energy source never before”不是一个句子，而是一成分，故答案为B。

第15题：

Most of us entirely value human life，____________ some people think of animals as being equally important.

A.and

B.or

C.but

D.unless

答案：C

解析：

选项A意为“并且”；选项B意为“或者”；选项C意为“但是”；选项D意为“除非”。根据题干，空格处需要体现转折的连词，题目意为“我们大多数人完全重视人的生命，但是有些人认为动物同样重要。”故选项C符合题意。
　　

第16题：

共用题干
Kicking the Habit

What is a bad habit?The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,almost
without thinking about it,and which has some sort of negative consequence.This consequence could affect
those around us,or it could affect us personally.Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad
habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits,like sucking our thumb,are broken when we are very young.We are either told to
stop doing it by our parents,or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
habit,and we gradually grow out of it.It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in
our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem.Unless we can break that habit early on,it
becomes a part of our life,and becomes"programmed"into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits,it is the
old ways that tend to win,especially in situations where we are rushed,stressed or overworked.Habits that
we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back.During the study programme,the researchers showed
a group of volunteers several pictures,and gave them words to associate with them.They then showed the
volunteers the same pictures again,and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later,the volunteers were given a test.The researchers showed them the pictures,and told
them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one.It came as no surprise that their an-
swers were split between the first set of words and the second.Two weeks later,they were given the same test

again.This time,most of them only gave the first set of. words.They appeared to have completely forgotten
the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.We may
try to change our ways,hut after a while,the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned.The more that response is used,the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond
in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time,our had habits also become automatic,learned behavior.
This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break
them.Even when we try to put new,good intentions into practice,those previously learned habits remain
stronger in more automatic,unconscious forms of memory.

We can only break bad habits if others tell us to do so.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not nientioned

答案：B

解析：

文章第二段讲到，一些早期的习惯，像吮吸手指之类的习惯在我们很小的时候就戒掉了。并没有说男孩子们在小时候通常会染上坏习惯。故选C。
在文章第二段中，作者指出我们之所以能戒掉早期的坏习惯是因为有父母告诉我们不要这样做，或者是我们有意或无意地观察到别人都不这样做。文章中并没有说我们戒掉坏习惯的唯一方法是别人的告知。故选B。
文章第三段讲到，最近一项关于人类记洲忆力的研究表明不管我们如何努力地尝试着改变坏习惯，坏习惯还是难以戒掉，特别是在我们忙碌，紧张或是过度劳累的时候，我们认为已经戒掉的坏习惯就会突然跑回来。故选A。
由文章第四段第三句话“It came as no surprise that...“，可知研究者对测试结果毫不奇怪，在他们意料之中。故选B。
文章第四段讲到，两个星期后，这些被测试者重新做相同的测试。大多数人只能给出第一组的单词，好像他们完全忘了第二组单词。文章中并未提到被测试者发现第二次测试要难一些。故选C。
文章倒数第一二段指出，这一研究证实了这一点，我们第一次学到的反应方式在一段时间后仍然在我们脑海里留下最深印象、尽管我们试图去改变，但一段时间后，首先出现在脑海的还是我们第一次学到的反应方式。文章中并未提到研究表明对我们最先学习的那些东西做出反应更加困难。故选C。
文章最后一段讲到，研究表明在一段时间后，坏习惯会变成无章识的习得性行为。这对那些在年轻时就染上坏习惯而现在想要戒掉的人们来说不是个好消息。也就是说，年轻时染上的坏习惯很难戒掉。故选A。

第17题：

共用题干
Kicking the Habit

What is a bad habit?The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,almost
without thinking about it,and which has some sort of negative consequence.This consequence could affect
those around us,or it could affect us personally.Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad
habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits,like sucking our thumb,are broken when we are very young.We are either told to
stop doing it by our parents,or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
habit,and we gradually grow out of it.It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in
our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem.Unless we can break that habit early on,it
becomes a part of our life,and becomnes"programmed"into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits,it is the
old ways that tend to win,especially in situations where we are rushed,stressed or overworked.Habits that
we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back.During the study programme,the researchers showed
a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them.They then showed the
volunteers the same pictures again,and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later,the volunteers were given a test.The researchers showed them the pictures,and told
them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one.It came as no surprise that their
answers were split between the first set of words and the second.Two weeks later,they were given the same
test again.This time,most of them only gave the first set of words.They appeared to have completely forgotten
the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.We may
try to change out ways,but after a while,the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned.The more that response is used,the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to re-
spond in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time,our bad habits also become automatic,learned behaviour.
This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break
them.Even when we try to put new,good intentions into practice,those previously learned habits remain
stronger in more automatic,unconscious forms of memory.

Bad habits may return when we are under pressure.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

答案：A

解析：

文章第二段讲到，一些早期的习惯，像吮吸手指之类的习惯在我们很小的时候就戒掉了。并没有说男孩子们在小时候通常会染上坏习惯。故选C。
在文章第二段中，作者指出我们之所以能戒除早期的坏习惯是因为有父母告诉我们不要这样做，或者是我们有意或无意地观察到别人都不这样做。文章中并没有说我们戒除坏习惯的唯一方法是别人的告知。故选B。
文章第三段第一句话说最近一项关于人类记忆力的研究表明不管我们如何努力地尝试着改变坏习惯，坏习惯还是难以戒掉，特别是在我们忙碌，紧张或是过度劳累的时候，我们认为已经戒掉的坏习惯就会突然跑回来。故选A。
由文章第四段第三句话“It came as no surprise that..."，可知研究者对测试结果毫不奇怪，在他们意料之中。故选B。
文章第四段讲到，两个星期后，这些被测试者重新做相同的测试。他们只能给出第一组的单词，他们表现出完全忘了第二组单词的样子。文章中并未提到被测试者发现第二次测试要难一些。故选C。
文章倒数第二段指出，这一研究证实了这一点，我们第一次学到的反应方式在一段时间后仍然在我们脑海里留下最深印象。尽管我们试图去改变，但一段时间后，首先出现在脑海的还是我们第一次学到的反应方式。题干中的说法“研究表明对我们最先学习的那些东西做出反应很困难”没有提及。故选C。
由文章最后一段讲到，研究表明在一段时间后，坏习惯会变成无意识的习得性行为。这对那些在年轻时就染上坏习惯而现在想要戒掉的人们来说不是个好消息。也就是说，年轻时染上的坏习惯很难戒掉。故选A。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

第18题：

共用题干
Kicking the Habit

What is a bad habit?The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,almost
without thinking about it,and which has some sort of negative consequence.This consequence could affect
those around us,or it could affect us personally.Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad
habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits,like sucking our thumb,are broken when we are very young.We are either told to
stop doing it by our parents,or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
habit,and we gradually grow out of it.It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in
our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem.Unless we can break that habit early on,it
becomes a part of our life,and becomnes"programmed"into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits,it is the
old ways that tend to win,especially in situations where we are rushed,stressed or overworked.Habits that
we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back.During the study programme,the researchers showed
a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them.They then showed the
volunteers the same pictures again,and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later,the volunteers were given a test.The researchers showed them the pictures,and told
them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one.It came as no surprise that their
answers were split between the first set of words and the second.Two weeks later,they were given the same
test again.This time,most of them only gave the first set of words.They appeared to have completely forgotten
the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.We may
try to change out ways,but after a while,the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned.The more that response is used,the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to re-
spond in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time,our bad habits also become automatic,learned behaviour.
This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break
them.Even when we try to put new,good intentions into practice,those previously learned habits remain
stronger in more automatic,unconscious forms of memory.

If we develop bad habits early in life,they are harder to get rid of.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

答案：A

解析：

文章第二段讲到，一些早期的习惯，像吮吸手指之类的习惯在我们很小的时候就戒掉了。并没有说男孩子们在小时候通常会染上坏习惯。故选C。
在文章第二段中，作者指出我们之所以能戒除早期的坏习惯是因为有父母告诉我们不要这样做，或者是我们有意或无意地观察到别人都不这样做。文章中并没有说我们戒除坏习惯的唯一方法是别人的告知。故选B。
文章第三段第一句话说最近一项关于人类记忆力的研究表明不管我们如何努力地尝试着改变坏习惯，坏习惯还是难以戒掉，特别是在我们忙碌，紧张或是过度劳累的时候，我们认为已经戒掉的坏习惯就会突然跑回来。故选A。
由文章第四段第三句话“It came as no surprise that..."，可知研究者对测试结果毫不奇怪，在他们意料之中。故选B。
文章第四段讲到，两个星期后，这些被测试者重新做相同的测试。他们只能给出第一组的单词，他们表现出完全忘了第二组单词的样子。文章中并未提到被测试者发现第二次测试要难一些。故选C。
文章倒数第二段指出，这一研究证实了这一点，我们第一次学到的反应方式在一段时间后仍然在我们脑海里留下最深印象。尽管我们试图去改变，但一段时间后，首先出现在脑海的还是我们第一次学到的反应方式。题干中的说法“研究表明对我们最先学习的那些东西做出反应很困难”没有提及。故选C。
由文章最后一段讲到，研究表明在一段时间后，坏习惯会变成无意识的习得性行为。这对那些在年轻时就染上坏习惯而现在想要戒掉的人们来说不是个好消息。也就是说，年轻时染上的坏习惯很难戒掉。故选A。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

第19题：

____ will be appreciated.

A、You reply our letter early
B、You reply to our letter early
C、Your early reply our letter
D、Your early reply to our letter

正确答案:D

第20题：

填空题

Early empathy is important for us in that it affects our later life a lot.____

正确答案： C

解析：
根据题干信息“early empathy”可以定位到C段中的“A lack of early empathy has been shown to lead to the development of sociopathic behavior in adults.”，如果缺少了早期的移情长大后就会发展成反社会的行为。由此可以推断出早期的移情很重要，因它会影响人日后的发展，故匹配段落为C。

第21题：

单选题

The “mad moments” in the first paragraph refers to when we_____.

A

have some mental problems

B

have lost our important things

C

don’t listen to what our friends tell us to do

D

fail to remember what should be remembered

正确答案： C

解析：
第一段作者说我们大脑有时会变得不好使，比如说你想不起来朋友跟你说了些什么话，或者忘了把钥匙放在什么地方了。如果这些情况越来越多，那么你可以多做些大脑的练习，或多吃些健脑的食品，也许会有帮助。mad发疯的；愚蠢的。

第22题：

单选题

Internet, as well as newspapers and magazines, _____ an important part in our daily life.

A

have played

B

are playing

C

is playing

D

has been played

正确答案： D

解析：
由as well as连接的主语不影响谓语动词的数，因此谓语动词应与internet一致，且这一动作尚未完成，用正在进行时。D选项用了被动语态，逻辑不通。所以答案选C。

第23题：

单选题

I strongly believe that understanding is more important than love, especially when it comes to parenting and intimate relationships. As a psychologist for more than twenty years I can tell you that I have never had an adult looking back at her childhood and complaining that her parents were too understanding. And similarly, I have met many divorced people who still love each other but yet they never really understood each other. The painful reality is that love is just not enough. I"ll admit that there are people who I love and who I still need to better understand. I hope I"ll continue my work to understand them. The willingness to understand is very important. It is not always easy, but healthy love is strengthened by the willingness to understand. Love without understanding will wilt like flowers without water. Our egos are what seem to get in the way of understanding those who we love and care about. Often it is our need to be right that makes what others think and feel so wrong for us. I have certainly been quite guilty of this in some of my relationships. As I have written repeatedly in my books, empathy, is truly the emotional glue that holds all close relationships together. Empathy allows us to slow down and try to walk in the shoes of those we love. The deeper our empathy, the deeper—and healthier—our love. Not all relationships are meant to be. Yet all relationships that are meant to flourish in a healthy way, must stress understanding just as much, if not more, than love.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage

A

Understanding is more important to parenting relationship than to other intimate relationships.

B

Understanding is less important than love as far as marriage is concerned.

C

Understanding is more important than love to some degree.

D

Understanding is more often neglected in parenting relationship.

正确答案： B

解析： [解析] 事实细节题。题干的大意是：根据文章下列那句话是正确的根据文章第一段第一句话可知，C选项是正确的。

第24题：

单选题

Granny often tells us ______ water in our daily life.

A

save

B

saving

C

to save

D

Saves

正确答案： D

解析：
句意：奶奶经常告诉我们要在日常生活中节约用水。tell sb. to do sth. 意为“告诉某人做某事”。故选项C正确。

填空题Early empathy is important for us in that it affects our later life a lot.____

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