单选题Marketers need to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to _____.A promote its productionB work out marketing policiesC speed up its life cycleD increase its popularity

Every nation should treasure its cultural(), as it demonstrates the growing-up history and stages in evolution.

A、legacy

B、heritage

C、identity

D、power

Eagle has the longest life-span of its species.Eagle can (1)up to 70 years, but to reach age, the eagle must make a hard Decision.

In its 40’s, its long and flexible talons can no longer grab grey which serve as food, its long and sharp beak becomes bent.Its old-aged and heavy wings, due to their thick feathers.become stuck to its chest and make it (2)to fly.Then eagle is left with only two options: die or go through a painful process of change which lasts 150 days for survival

The process requires that eagle fly to a mountain top and sit on its nest"here the eagle knocks its beak (3)a rock until it plucks it out.After plucking it out, eagle will wait for a new beak to grow back.When its new talons grow back, the eagle starts plucking its old-aged features and after five months eagle can take its flight to rebirth and lives for thirty (4) years.

Many times, in order to survive, we have to start a change process.We sometimes need to(5) old memories, habits and other past traditions.Only freed from past burdens, can we take advantage of the present(完型填空)

A.Against

B.Difficult

C.Get rid of

D.Live

E.Mor

The following statements have been made about life cycle costing:

(i) It focuses on the short-term by identifying costs at the beginning of a product’s life cycle

(ii) It identifies all costs which arise in relation to the product each year and then calculates the product’s profitability on an annual basis

(iii) It accumulates a product’s costs over its whole life time and works out the overall profitability of a product

(iv) It allocates costs to each stage of a product’s life cycle and writes them off at the end of each stage

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

A.(i) and (iii)

B.(iii) only

C.(i) and (iv)

D.(ii) only

A.broken out

B.spread out

C.looked out

D.figured out

Shoe Co, a shoe manufacturer, has developed a new product called the ‘Smart Shoe’ for children, which has a built-in tracking device. The shoes are expected to have a life cycle of two years, at which point Shoe Co hopes to introduce a new type of Smart Shoe with even more advanced technology. Shoe Co plans to use life cycle costing to work out the total production cost of the Smart Shoe and the total estimated profit for the two-year period.

Shoe Co has spent $5·6m developing the Smart Shoe. The time spent on this development meant that the company missed out on the opportunity of earning an estimated $800,000 contribution from the sale of another product.

The company has applied for and been granted a ten-year patent for the technology, although it must be renewed each year at a cost of $200,000. The costs of the patent application were $500,000, which included $20,000 for the salary costs of Shoe Co’s lawyer, who is a permanent employee of the company and was responsible for preparing the application.

The following information is also available for the next two years:

Shoe Co is still negotiating with marketing companies with regard to its advertising campaign, so is uncertain as to what the total marketing costs will be each year. However, the following information is available as regards the probabilities of the range of costs which are likely to be incurred:

Required:

Applying the principles of life cycle costing, calculate the total expected profit for Shoe Co for the two-year period.

(10 marks)