问答题Women who smoke during pregnancy produce babies on average about 5 to 8 ounces lighter than those who don't.

共用题干
1.Some of the most commonly used medicines for high blood pressure are drugs called ACE inhibitors（抑制剂）.Doctors have given these drugs to patients for twenty-five years.A government study in the United States found that the use almost doubled between 1 995 and 2000.
2.Doctors have known for years that women should not take ACE inhibitors during the last six months of pregnancy（怀孕）.The medicine can injure the bahy.ACE inhibitors,though,have been considered safe when taken during the first three months.But a new study has found that women who take these drugs early in their pregnancy still increase the risk of hirth disorders（先天性疾病）.Thestudyshowsthat,comparedtoothers,theirbabieswerealmostthreetimesaslikely to be horn with major problems.These included problems with thefo朋ation of the brain and nervous system and holes in the heart.
3.The researchers say they found no increased risk in women who took other blood pressure medicines during the first three months.Researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Boston University did the study. The New England Journal of Medicine published the results.The researchers studied the records of almost thirty thousand births between 1985 and 2000.Two hundred nine babies were born to women who took ACE inhibitors during the first three months of their pregnancies.Eighteen of the babies,or almost nine percent,had major disorders.
4.ACE inhibitors are often given to patients with diabetes（糖尿病）.But diabetes during pregnancy can result in birth defects（先天性缺陷）.So the study did not include any women known to be diabetic. ACE inhibitors suppress a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme（血管紧张素转化酶）,or ACE. This enzyme produces a chemical in the body that makes blood passages narrow. The drugs increase the flow of blood,so pressure is reduced.
5.New drugs are tested on pregnant animals to see if they might cause birth defects in humans. But experts say these tests are not always dependable.The United States Food and Drug Administration helped pay for the study.The FDA says women who might become pregnant should talk with their doctor about other ways to treat high blood pressure.

Paragraph 4__________
A:Effects of ACE and ACE inhibitors
B:Wide use of ACE inhibitors
C:How to deal with high blood pressure in pregnant women
D:Damage to pregnant women's future babies
E:Suggestions on stopping the use of ACE inhibitors
F: Relative safety for women during the first three months of pregnancies

共用题干
1.Some of the most commonly used medicines for high blood pressure are drugs called ACE inhibitors（抑制剂）.Doctors have given these drugs to patients for twenty-five years.A government study in the United States found that the use almost doubled between 1 995 and 2000.
2.Doctors have known for years that women should not take ACE inhibitors during the last six months of pregnancy（怀孕）.The medicine can injure the bahy.ACE inhibitors,though,have been considered safe when taken during the first three months.But a new study has found that women who take these drugs early in their pregnancy still increase the risk of hirth disorders（先天性疾病）.Thestudyshowsthat,comparedtoothers,theirbabieswerealmostthreetimesaslikely to be horn with major problems.These included problems with thefo朋ation of the brain and nervous system and holes in the heart.
3.The researchers say they found no increased risk in women who took other blood pressure medicines during the first three months.Researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Boston University did the study. The New England Journal of Medicine published the results.The researchers studied the records of almost thirty thousand births between 1985 and 2000.Two hundred nine babies were born to women who took ACE inhibitors during the first three months of their pregnancies.Eighteen of the babies,or almost nine percent,had major disorders.
4.ACE inhibitors are often given to patients with diabetes（糖尿病）.But diabetes during pregnancy can result in birth defects（先天性缺陷）.So the study did not include any women known to be diabetic. ACE inhibitors suppress a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme（血管紧张素转化酶）,or ACE. This enzyme produces a chemical in the body that makes blood passages narrow. The drugs increase the flow of blood,so pressure is reduced.
5.New drugs are tested on pregnant animals to see if they might cause birth defects in humans. But experts say these tests are not always dependable.The United States Food and Drug Administration helped pay for the study.The FDA says women who might become pregnant should talk with their doctor about other ways to treat high blood pressure.

ACE inhibitors are not recommended__________.
A:that may cause our blood vessels to become more and more narrow
B:for pregnant women to take during their last six months of pregnancies
C:that their likelihood to suffer major problems is two times higher than other babies
D:with their doctors about how to treat their problems
E:because diabetes during pregnancy may sometimes lead to birth defects
F: though their mothers took ACE inhibitors during their first three months of pregnancies

共用题干
1.Some of the most commonly used medicines for high blood pressure are drugs called ACE inhibitors（抑制剂）.Doctors have given these drugs to patients for twenty-five years.A government study in the United States found that the use almost doubled between 1 995 and 2000.
2.Doctors have known for years that women should not take ACE inhibitors during the last six months of pregnancy（怀孕）.The medicine can injure the bahy.ACE inhibitors,though,have been considered safe when taken during the first three months.But a new study has found that women who take these drugs early in their pregnancy still increase the risk of hirth disorders（先天性疾病）.Thestudyshowsthat,comparedtoothers,theirbabieswerealmostthreetimesaslikely to be horn with major problems.These included problems with thefo朋ation of the brain and nervous system and holes in the heart.
3.The researchers say they found no increased risk in women who took other blood pressure medicines during the first three months.Researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Boston University did the study. The New England Journal of Medicine published the results.The researchers studied the records of almost thirty thousand births between 1985 and 2000.Two hundred nine babies were born to women who took ACE inhibitors during the first three months of their pregnancies.Eighteen of the babies,or almost nine percent,had major disorders.
4.ACE inhibitors are often given to patients with diabetes（糖尿病）.But diabetes during pregnancy can result in birth defects（先天性缺陷）.So the study did not include any women known to be diabetic. ACE inhibitors suppress a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme（血管紧张素转化酶）,or ACE. This enzyme produces a chemical in the body that makes blood passages narrow. The drugs increase the flow of blood,so pressure is reduced.
5.New drugs are tested on pregnant animals to see if they might cause birth defects in humans. But experts say these tests are not always dependable.The United States Food and Drug Administration helped pay for the study.The FDA says women who might become pregnant should talk with their doctor about other ways to treat high blood pressure.

Paragraph 5___________
A:Effects of ACE and ACE inhibitors
B:Wide use of ACE inhibitors
C:How to deal with high blood pressure in pregnant women
D:Damage to pregnant women's future babies
E:Suggestions on stopping the use of ACE inhibitors
F: Relative safety for women during the first three months of pregnancies

共用题干
Dangers Await Babies with Altitude
Women who live in the world's highest communities tend to give birth to under-weight ha-bies,a new study suggests.These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.
Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average.But it wasn't clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished—many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.
To find out more,Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of
400 births in Bolivia during 1976 and 1998.The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities:La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in the world,at 3 .65 kilometers a-bove sea level,while Santa Cruz is much lower,at 0.44 kilometers.
Sure enough,Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significant-ly lower than in Santa Cruz.This was true in both high and low-income families.Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz.“We were very surprised by this result,”says Giussani.
The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth.
“This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child,”says Giussani.
His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to rest of the body.
Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life.People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood,for example.Low birth weight is a risk factor for coronary（冠状的）heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.

What does the new study discover?
A: Babies born to wealthy families are heaver.
B:Women living at high altitude trnd to give birth to underweight babies.
C: Newborns in cities are lighter than average.
D: Low-altitude babies have a high risk of heart disease in later life.

共用题干
Pregnant Women Warned About ACE Inhibitor
Some of the most commonly used medicines for high blood pressure are drugs called ACE in-hibitors.Doctors have given these drugs to patients for twenty-five years.A government study in the United States found that the use almost doubled between 1995 and 2000.
Doctors have known for years that women should not take ACE inhibitors during the last six months of pregnancy.The medicine can injure the baby.ACE inhibitors,though,have been con-sidered safe when taken during the first three months. But a new study has found that women who take these drugs early in their pregnancy still increase the risk of birth disorders. The study shows that,compared to others,their babies were almost three times as likely to be born with major problems .These included problems with the formation of the brain and nervous system and holes in the heart.
The researchers say they found no increased risk in women who took other blood pressure medicines during the first three months.Researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Boston University did the study.The New England Journal of Medicine published the results. The researchers studied the records of almost thirty thousand births between 1985 and 2000.Two hun-dred nine babies were born to women who took ACE inhibitors during the first three months of their pregnancies.Eighteen of the babies,or almost nine percent,had major disorders.
ACE inhibitors are often given to patients with diabetes. But diabetes during pregnancy can result in birth defects.So the study did not include any women known to be diabetic.ACE inhibi- tors suppress a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme or ACE.This enzyme produces a chemical in the body that makes blood passages narrow.The drugs increase the flow of blood so pressure is reduced.
New drugs are tested on pregnant animals to see if they might cause birth defects in humans. But experts say these tests are not always dependable.The United States Food and Drug Adminis- tration helped pay for the study .The F. D.A.says women who might become pregnant should talk with their doctor about other ways to treat high blood pressure.

Evidence showed only a small percentage of babies suffered major disorders______.
A: that may cause our blood vessels to become more and more narrow
B: for pregnant women to take during their last six months of pregnancies
C: that their likelihood to suffer major problems is two times higher than other babies
D: with their doctors about how to treat their problems
E: because diabetes during pregnancy may sometimes lead to birth defects
F: though their mothers took ACE inhibitors during their first three months of pregnancies

共用题干
Pregnant Women Warned About ACE Inhibitor
Some of the most commonly used medicines for high blood pressure are drugs called ACE in-hibitors.Doctors have given these drugs to patients for twenty-five years.A government study in the United States found that the use almost doubled between 1995 and 2000.
Doctors have known for years that women should not take ACE inhibitors during the last six months of pregnancy.The medicine can injure the baby.ACE inhibitors,though,have been con-sidered safe when taken during the first three months. But a new study has found that women who take these drugs early in their pregnancy still increase the risk of birth disorders. The study shows that,compared to others,their babies were almost three times as likely to be born with major problems .These included problems with the formation of the brain and nervous system and holes in the heart.
The researchers say they found no increased risk in women who took other blood pressure medicines during the first three months.Researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Boston University did the study.The New England Journal of Medicine published the results. The researchers studied the records of almost thirty thousand births between 1985 and 2000.Two hun-dred nine babies were born to women who took ACE inhibitors during the first three months of their pregnancies.Eighteen of the babies,or almost nine percent,had major disorders.
ACE inhibitors are often given to patients with diabetes. But diabetes during pregnancy can result in birth defects.So the study did not include any women known to be diabetic.ACE inhibi- tors suppress a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme or ACE.This enzyme produces a chemical in the body that makes blood passages narrow.The drugs increase the flow of blood so pressure is reduced.
New drugs are tested on pregnant animals to see if they might cause birth defects in humans. But experts say these tests are not always dependable.The United States Food and Drug Adminis- tration helped pay for the study .The F. D.A.says women who might become pregnant should talk with their doctor about other ways to treat high blood pressure.

Paragraph 5______
A: Effects of ACE and ACE Inhibitors
B: Wide Use of ACE Inhibitors
C: How to Deal with High Blood Pressure in Pregnant Women
D: Damage to Pregnant Women's Future Babies
E: Suggestions on Stopping the Use of ACE Inhibitors
F: Relative Safety for Women During the First Three Months of Pregnancies

共用题干
Pregnant Women Warned About ACE Inhibitor
Some of the most commonly used medicines for high blood pressure are drugs called ACE in-hibitors.Doctors have given these drugs to patients for twenty-five years.A government study in the United States found that the use almost doubled between 1995 and 2000.
Doctors have known for years that women should not take ACE inhibitors during the last six months of pregnancy.The medicine can injure the baby.ACE inhibitors,though,have been con-sidered safe when taken during the first three months. But a new study has found that women who take these drugs early in their pregnancy still increase the risk of birth disorders. The study shows that,compared to others,their babies were almost three times as likely to be born with major problems .These included problems with the formation of the brain and nervous system and holes in the heart.
The researchers say they found no increased risk in women who took other blood pressure medicines during the first three months.Researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Boston University did the study.The New England Journal of Medicine published the results. The researchers studied the records of almost thirty thousand births between 1985 and 2000.Two hun-dred nine babies were born to women who took ACE inhibitors during the first three months of their pregnancies.Eighteen of the babies,or almost nine percent,had major disorders.
ACE inhibitors are often given to patients with diabetes. But diabetes during pregnancy can result in birth defects.So the study did not include any women known to be diabetic.ACE inhibi- tors suppress a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme or ACE.This enzyme produces a chemical in the body that makes blood passages narrow.The drugs increase the flow of blood so pressure is reduced.
New drugs are tested on pregnant animals to see if they might cause birth defects in humans. But experts say these tests are not always dependable.The United States Food and Drug Adminis- tration helped pay for the study .The F. D.A.says women who might become pregnant should talk with their doctor about other ways to treat high blood pressure.

Paragraph 3______
A: Effects of ACE and ACE Inhibitors
B: Wide Use of ACE Inhibitors
C: How to Deal with High Blood Pressure in Pregnant Women
D: Damage to Pregnant Women's Future Babies
E: Suggestions on Stopping the Use of ACE Inhibitors
F: Relative Safety for Women During the First Three Months of Pregnancies

共用题干
Dangers Await Babies with Altitude
Women who live in the world's highest communities tend to give birth to underweight babies, a new study suggests.These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.
Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average.But it wasn't clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished—many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared witf those living lower down.
To find out more,Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998.The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities:La Paz and Santa Cruz.La Paz is the highest city in the world,at 3 .65 kilometers above sea level,while Santa Cruz is much lower,at 0 .44 kilometers.
Sure enough,Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz.This was true in both high and low-income families.Even babies borr to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz.“We were very surprised by this result,”says Giussani.
The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth.
“This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child,”says Giussani.
His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies.This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body.
Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life.People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood,for example.Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease .And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.

Giussani and his team are sure that
A: babies born in La Paz are on average lighter than in Santa Cruz
B: people living in La Paz are poorer than those in Santa Cruz
C: the birthweight of babies born to wealthy families is above average
D: mothers in La Paz are commonly under-nourished

共用题干
Sleeping

People who sleep for more than eight hours a night do not live as long as those who
sleep for six hours,according to the biggest study yet into sleep patterns and mortality（死
亡率）.
Scientists have no explanation for the findings and do not know if they mean people who
like a lie-in（睡懒觉）can extend their lives by sleeping less.
Although it is a common belief that sleeping for at least eight hours a night is vital for
health and well-being,the six-year study involving more than 1.1 million Americans older
than 30 found that those who slept for less than eight hours were far from doing themselves
any long-term harm.
"Individuals who now average 6.5 hours of sleep a night can be reassured that this is a
safe amount of sleep.From a health standpoint,there is no reason to sleep longer,"said
Daniel Kripke , a professor of psychiatry（精神病学）at the University of California, San
Diego.
Dr. Kripke said,"We don't know if long sleep periods lead to death.Additional studies
are needed to determine if setting your alarm clock earlier will actually improve your health."
The scientists,who were funded by the American Cancer Society,found that the best
survival rates were among the men and women who slept for seven hours a night.Those
who slept for eight hours were 12 per cent more likely to die during the six-year period of the
study,when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.
Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed lived longer than those who slept
eight or more hours.However,an increasing death rate was found among those who slept
for less than five hours.
Dr. Kripke said,"Previous sleep studies have indicated that both short-and long-duration
（持续时间）sleep had higher mortality rates. However, none of those studies were large
enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night,until now."

More than one million Americans participated in the six-year study.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
Sleeping

People who sleep for more than eight hours a night do not live as long as those who
sleep for six hours,according to the biggest study yet into sleep patterns and mortality（死
亡率）.
Scientists have no explanation for the findings and do not know if they mean people who
like a lie-in（睡懒觉）can extend their lives by sleeping less.
Although it is a common belief that sleeping for at least eight hours a night is vital for
health and well-being,the six-year study involving more than 1.1 million Americans older
than 30 found that those who slept for less than eight hours were far from doing themselves
any long-term harm.
"Individuals who now average 6.5 hours of sleep a night can be reassured that this is a
safe amount of sleep.From a health standpoint,there is no reason to sleep longer,"said
Daniel Kripke , a professor of psychiatry（精神病学）at the University of California, San
Diego.
Dr. Kripke said,"We don't know if long sleep periods lead to death.Additional studies
are needed to determine if setting your alarm clock earlier will actually improve your health."
The scientists,who were funded by the American Cancer Society,found that the best
survival rates were among the men and women who slept for seven hours a night.Those
who slept for eight hours were 12 per cent more likely to die during the six-year period of the
study,when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.
Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed lived longer than those who slept
eight or more hours.However,an increasing death rate was found among those who slept
for less than five hours.
Dr. Kripke said,"Previous sleep studies have indicated that both short-and long-duration
（持续时间）sleep had higher mortality rates. However, none of those studies were large
enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night,until now."

The study was the first to tell the difference between 7 and 8 hours of sleep a night.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
1.Some of the most commonly used medicines for high blood pressure are drugs called ACE inhibitors（抑制剂）.Doctors have given these drugs to patients for twenty-five years.A government study in the United States found that the use almost doubled between 1 995 and 2000.
2.Doctors have known for years that women should not take ACE inhibitors during the last six months of pregnancy（怀孕）.The medicine can injure the bahy.ACE inhibitors,though,have been considered safe when taken during the first three months.But a new study has found that women who take these drugs early in their pregnancy still increase the risk of hirth disorders（先天性疾病）.Thestudyshowsthat,comparedtoothers,theirbabieswerealmostthreetimesaslikely to be horn with major problems.These included problems with thefo朋ation of the brain and nervous system and holes in the heart.
3.The researchers say they found no increased risk in women who took other blood pressure medicines during the first three months.Researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Boston University did the study. The New England Journal of Medicine published the results.The researchers studied the records of almost thirty thousand births between 1985 and 2000.Two hundred nine babies were born to women who took ACE inhibitors during the first three months of their pregnancies.Eighteen of the babies,or almost nine percent,had major disorders.
4.ACE inhibitors are often given to patients with diabetes（糖尿病）.But diabetes during pregnancy can result in birth defects（先天性缺陷）.So the study did not include any women known to be diabetic. ACE inhibitors suppress a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme（血管紧张素转化酶）,or ACE. This enzyme produces a chemical in the body that makes blood passages narrow. The drugs increase the flow of blood,so pressure is reduced.
5.New drugs are tested on pregnant animals to see if they might cause birth defects in humans. But experts say these tests are not always dependable.The United States Food and Drug Administration helped pay for the study.The FDA says women who might become pregnant should talk with their doctor about other ways to treat high blood pressure.

Evidence showed only a small percentage of babies suffered major disorders_________.
A:that may cause our blood vessels to become more and more narrow
B:for pregnant women to take during their last six months of pregnancies
C:that their likelihood to suffer major problems is two times higher than other babies
D:with their doctors about how to treat their problems
E:because diabetes during pregnancy may sometimes lead to birth defects
F: though their mothers took ACE inhibitors during their first three months of pregnancies

共用题干
Dangers Await Babies with Altitude
Women who live in the world's highest communities tend to give birth to underweight babies, a new study suggests.These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.
Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average.But it wasn't clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished—many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.
To find out more,Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998 .The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities:La Paz and Santa Cruz.La Paz is the highest city in the world,at 3 .65 kilometers above sea level,while Santa Cruz is much lower,at 0 .44 kilometers.
Sure enough,Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz.This was true in both high and low-income families.Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz.“We were very surprised by this result,”says Giussani.
The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth.
“This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child,”says Giussani.
His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies.This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body.
Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life.People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood,for example.Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease.And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.

Giussani and his team are sure that______.
A: babiog born in La Paz arc on average lighter than in Santa Cruz
B: people living in La Paz are poorer than those in Santa Cruz
C: the birthweight of babies born to wealthy families is above average
D: mothers in La Paz are commonly under-nourished

共用题干
Dangers Await Babies with Altitude
Women who live in the world's highest communities tend to give birth to under-weight ha-bies,a new study suggests.These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.
Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average.But it wasn't clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished—many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.
To find out more,Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of
400 births in Bolivia during 1976 and 1998.The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities:La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in the world,at 3 .65 kilometers a-bove sea level,while Santa Cruz is much lower,at 0.44 kilometers.
Sure enough,Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significant-ly lower than in Santa Cruz.This was true in both high and low-income families.Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz.“We were very surprised by this result,”says Giussani.
The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth.
“This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child,”says Giussani.
His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to rest of the body.
Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life.People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood,for example.Low birth weight is a risk factor for coronary（冠状的）heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.

Giussani and his team are sure that______.
A: babies born in La Paz are on average lighter than in Santa Cruz
B: people living in La Paz are poorer than those in Santa Cruz
C: the birth weight of babies born to wealthy families is above average
D: mothers in La Paz are commonly under-nourished

Who should consult page 78 of the directions?

A.Those who worked for an employer during 2006
B.Those who expect to receive a refund from the government
C.Those who did not have enough tax withheld from their pay
D.Those who are not sure how much they earned in 2006

共用题干
Dangers Await Babies with Altitude
Women who live in the world's highest communities tend to give birth to underweight babies, a new study suggests.These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.
Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average.But it wasn't clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished—many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared witf those living lower down.
To find out more,Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998.The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities:La Paz and Santa Cruz.La Paz is the highest city in the world,at 3 .65 kilometers above sea level,while Santa Cruz is much lower,at 0 .44 kilometers.
Sure enough,Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz.This was true in both high and low-income families.Even babies borr to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz.“We were very surprised by this result,”says Giussani.
The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth.
“This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child,”says Giussani.
His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies.This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body.
Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life.People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood,for example.Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease .And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.

What does the new study discover?
A:.Babies born to wealthy families are heavier.
B:Women living at high altitude tend to give birth to underweight babies.
C: Newborns in cities are lighter than average.
D:.Low-altitude babies have a high risk of heart disease in later life.

共用题干
Sleeping

People who sleep for more than eight hours a night do not live as long as those who
sleep for six hours,according to the biggest study yet into sleep patterns and mortality（死
亡率）.
Scientists have no explanation for the findings and do not know if they mean people who
like a lie-in（睡懒觉）can extend their lives by sleeping less.
Although it is a common belief that sleeping for at least eight hours a night is vital for
health and well-being,the six-year study involving more than 1.1 million Americans older
than 30 found that those who slept for less than eight hours were far from doing themselves
any long-term harm.
"Individuals who now average 6.5 hours of sleep a night can be reassured that this is a
safe amount of sleep.From a health standpoint,there is no reason to sleep longer,"said
Daniel Kripke , a professor of psychiatry（精神病学）at the University of California, San
Diego.
Dr. Kripke said,"We don't know if long sleep periods lead to death.Additional studies
are needed to determine if setting your alarm clock earlier will actually improve your health."
The scientists,who were funded by the American Cancer Society,found that the best
survival rates were among the men and women who slept for seven hours a night.Those
who slept for eight hours were 12 per cent more likely to die during the six-year period of the
study,when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.
Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed lived longer than those who slept
eight or more hours.However,an increasing death rate was found among those who slept
for less than five hours.
Dr. Kripke said,"Previous sleep studies have indicated that both short-and long-duration
（持续时间）sleep had higher mortality rates. However, none of those studies were large
enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night,until now."

Most of the participants slept for 7 hours a night during the study.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
Sleeping

People who sleep for more than eight hours a night do not live as long as those who
sleep for six hours,according to the biggest study yet into sleep patterns and mortality（死
亡率）.
Scientists have no explanation for the findings and do not know if they mean people who
like a lie-in（睡懒觉）can extend their lives by sleeping less.
Although it is a common belief that sleeping for at least eight hours a night is vital for
health and well-being,the six-year study involving more than 1.1 million Americans older
than 30 found that those who slept for less than eight hours were far from doing themselves
any long-term harm.
"Individuals who now average 6.5 hours of sleep a night can be reassured that this is a
safe amount of sleep.From a health standpoint,there is no reason to sleep longer,"said
Daniel Kripke , a professor of psychiatry（精神病学）at the University of California, San
Diego.
Dr. Kripke said,"We don't know if long sleep periods lead to death.Additional studies
are needed to determine if setting your alarm clock earlier will actually improve your health."
The scientists,who were funded by the American Cancer Society,found that the best
survival rates were among the men and women who slept for seven hours a night.Those
who slept for eight hours were 12 per cent more likely to die during the six-year period of the
study,when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.
Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed lived longer than those who slept
eight or more hours.However,an increasing death rate was found among those who slept
for less than five hours.
Dr. Kripke said,"Previous sleep studies have indicated that both short-and long-duration
（持续时间）sleep had higher mortality rates. However, none of those studies were large
enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night,until now."

The findings indicate that it is all right to sleep for 6.5 hours a night.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
Sleeping

People who sleep for more than eight hours a night do not live as long as those who
sleep for six hours,according to the biggest study yet into sleep patterns and mortality（死
亡率）.
Scientists have no explanation for the findings and do not know if they mean people who
like a lie-in（睡懒觉）can extend their lives by sleeping less.
Although it is a common belief that sleeping for at least eight hours a night is vital for
health and well-being,the six-year study involving more than 1.1 million Americans older
than 30 found that those who slept for less than eight hours were far from doing themselves
any long-term harm.
"Individuals who now average 6.5 hours of sleep a night can be reassured that this is a
safe amount of sleep.From a health standpoint,there is no reason to sleep longer,"said
Daniel Kripke , a professor of psychiatry（精神病学）at the University of California, San
Diego.
Dr. Kripke said,"We don't know if long sleep periods lead to death.Additional studies
are needed to determine if setting your alarm clock earlier will actually improve your health."
The scientists,who were funded by the American Cancer Society,found that the best
survival rates were among the men and women who slept for seven hours a night.Those
who slept for eight hours were 12 per cent more likely to die during the six-year period of the
study,when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.
Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed lived longer than those who slept
eight or more hours.However,an increasing death rate was found among those who slept
for less than five hours.
Dr. Kripke said,"Previous sleep studies have indicated that both short-and long-duration
（持续时间）sleep had higher mortality rates. However, none of those studies were large
enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night,until now."

Sleeping for less than 5 hours each night is better than sleeping for 5 hours.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
Pregnant Women Warned About ACE Inhibitor
Some of the most commonly used medicines for high blood pressure are drugs called ACE in-hibitors.Doctors have given these drugs to patients for twenty-five years.A government study in the United States found that the use almost doubled between 1995 and 2000.
Doctors have known for years that women should not take ACE inhibitors during the last six months of pregnancy.The medicine can injure the baby.ACE inhibitors,though,have been con-sidered safe when taken during the first three months. But a new study has found that women who take these drugs early in their pregnancy still increase the risk of birth disorders. The study shows that,compared to others,their babies were almost three times as likely to be born with major problems .These included problems with the formation of the brain and nervous system and holes in the heart.
The researchers say they found no increased risk in women who took other blood pressure medicines during the first three months.Researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Boston University did the study.The New England Journal of Medicine published the results. The researchers studied the records of almost thirty thousand births between 1985 and 2000.Two hun-dred nine babies were born to women who took ACE inhibitors during the first three months of their pregnancies.Eighteen of the babies,or almost nine percent,had major disorders.
ACE inhibitors are often given to patients with diabetes. But diabetes during pregnancy can result in birth defects.So the study did not include any women known to be diabetic.ACE inhibi- tors suppress a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme or ACE.This enzyme produces a chemical in the body that makes blood passages narrow.The drugs increase the flow of blood so pressure is reduced.
New drugs are tested on pregnant animals to see if they might cause birth defects in humans. But experts say these tests are not always dependable.The United States Food and Drug Adminis- tration helped pay for the study .The F. D.A.says women who might become pregnant should talk with their doctor about other ways to treat high blood pressure.

ACE is a risk factor to our body______.
A: that may cause our blood vessels to become more and more narrow
B: for pregnant women to take during their last six months of pregnancies
C: that their likelihood to suffer major problems is two times higher than other babies
D: with their doctors about how to treat their problems
E: because diabetes during pregnancy may sometimes lead to birth defects
F: though their mothers took ACE inhibitors during their first three months of pregnancies

共用题干
Pregnant Women Warned About ACE Inhibitor
Some of the most commonly used medicines for high blood pressure are drugs called ACE in-hibitors.Doctors have given these drugs to patients for twenty-five years.A government study in the United States found that the use almost doubled between 1995 and 2000.
Doctors have known for years that women should not take ACE inhibitors during the last six months of pregnancy.The medicine can injure the baby.ACE inhibitors,though,have been con-sidered safe when taken during the first three months. But a new study has found that women who take these drugs early in their pregnancy still increase the risk of birth disorders. The study shows that,compared to others,their babies were almost three times as likely to be born with major problems .These included problems with the formation of the brain and nervous system and holes in the heart.
The researchers say they found no increased risk in women who took other blood pressure medicines during the first three months.Researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Boston University did the study.The New England Journal of Medicine published the results. The researchers studied the records of almost thirty thousand births between 1985 and 2000.Two hun-dred nine babies were born to women who took ACE inhibitors during the first three months of their pregnancies.Eighteen of the babies,or almost nine percent,had major disorders.
ACE inhibitors are often given to patients with diabetes. But diabetes during pregnancy can result in birth defects.So the study did not include any women known to be diabetic.ACE inhibi- tors suppress a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme or ACE.This enzyme produces a chemical in the body that makes blood passages narrow.The drugs increase the flow of blood so pressure is reduced.
New drugs are tested on pregnant animals to see if they might cause birth defects in humans. But experts say these tests are not always dependable.The United States Food and Drug Adminis- tration helped pay for the study .The F. D.A.says women who might become pregnant should talk with their doctor about other ways to treat high blood pressure.

FDA suggests that pregnant women with high blood pressure should consult______.
A: that may cause our blood vessels to become more and more narrow
B: for pregnant women to take during their last six months of pregnancies
C: that their likelihood to suffer major problems is two times higher than other babies
D: with their doctors about how to treat their problems
E: because diabetes during pregnancy may sometimes lead to birth defects
F: though their mothers took ACE inhibitors during their first three months of pregnancies