单选题According to the passage, lack of sleep for a long while can probably lead to all of the following EXCEPT _____.A heart diseaseB weight gainC diabetesD liver disease
题目
heart disease
weight gain
diabetes
liver disease
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更多“According to the passage, lack of sleep for a long while can”相关问题
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第1题：
Reading Comprehension
Directions:There are two passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statemerits. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Questions 56-60 are based on Passage One:
Passage One
A recent study indicates that the “short sleepers”had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 0r so, the men voluntarily began cutting clown their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.
In general, these“short sleepers”appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful,conformist in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often heldseveral jobs at once, or work full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them hada strong urge to appear “normal”or “acceptable” to their friends and associates , When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers”did poorly. More than this,they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble woula go away.
The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic.
The“long sleepers”were quite different indeed. According to the study, these young men had lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers”。
Many of the“long sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted, inhibited, passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves (particularly in social situations). Several openly state that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.
According to the study, ( ).
A. many short sleepers need less sleep by nature
B. many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because they are busy with their work
C. long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the day
D. many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood
正确答案：D
D[解析]根据第一段中的“But at about age 15 0r so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time…”可知，AB项说法错误；根据第五段中的“…their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest”可知C项说法错误；根据第五段中的“…these young men had lengthy sleeps since childhood”可知D项说法正确。 -
第2题：
According to the passage, which of the following can NOT be typed into the same category?
A． Cloud
B． Sheep
C． Trees
D． Goose
正确答案：C
C[解析]根据文章第五段“People surveyed completed four tasks that tested sex-related cognitive skills: matching an object to its rotated form, matching lines shown from the same angle…”推断，以白色为限定范畴可推出选项C为答案。 -
第3题：
According to the passage we can see that Chinese people think of the pig as a ______animal.
A. clever
B. rich
C. good
D. all the above
正确答案：D32．答案为D 通过第一段...Pigs in Chinese culture is a sign of kindness and generosity得知中国人对猪积极的评价，选D。
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第4题：
According to tile passage, language learners can reduce the number of their mistakes by ______.
A. asking native speakers for explanations
B. reading good books in the foreign language
C. comparing their speech with that of native speakers
D. paying no attention to them while speaking
正确答案：C53．答案为C 此考题为细节题。根据文章第1段第4句The language learner may observe how native speakers express themselves，and how native expressions differ from the way the learner might say them，可断定C正确。
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第5题：
共用题干
第二篇
Sleep Necessary for Memories
Burning the midnight oil before an exam or interview does harm to the performance
according to a recent research which found that sleep is necessary for memories to be taken
back into the brain.A good night's sleep within 30 hours of trying to remember a new task is
a required condition of having good recall in the weeks ahead,scientists have found.
The research,published in the December issue of Nature Neuroscience,showed that
it was the act of sleep,rather than the simple passage of time,that was critical for long-
term memory formation.
"We think that getting that first night's sleep starts the process of memory consolidation
（巩固）,"said Robert Stickgold , a sleep researcher at Harvard Medical School who
conducted the latest study.
"It seems that memories normally wash out of the brain unless some process nails them
down.My suspicion is that sleep is one of those things that does the nailing down,"
Professor Stickgold said.
With about one in five people claiming that they are so chronically short of sleep that it
affects their daily activities,the latest work emphasizes the less well-understood side effect-
serious memory impairment（损害）.
Volunteers in an experiment found it easier to remember a memory task if they were
allowed to sleep that night.But for those kept awake,no amount of subsequent sleep
made up for the initial loss.
Professor Stickgold's team trained 24 people to identify the direction of three diagonal
（斜线形的）bars flashed for a sixtieth of a second on a computer screen full of horizontal
（水平的）stripes.
Half of the subjects were kept awake that night,while the others slept.Both groups
were allowed to sleep for the second and third nights to make up for any differences in
tiredness between the volunteers.
Those who slept the first night were significantly and consistently better at remembering
the task while the second group showed no improvement despite enjoying two nights of
catch-up sleep.Stickgold's research focused on the side effect produced by
A:memory impairment.
B:lack of sleep.
C:low work efficiency.
D:memory recall.答案：B解析： -
第6题：
Offering expert advice
B. Conducting research
C. Managing property
D. Building private homes
Questions80-84 refer to the following advertisement.
We all know that lack of sleep affects our memory, along with other cognitive abilities. Sittingin the office, sleep deprived, it’s difficult to remember your own name, let along theever-lengthening to-do list.
But now new research shows that not getting enough sleep increases the chances your mind will actually create false memories. The study, published in Psychological Science, allowed one group of participants to get a full night’s sleep, while another had to stay up all night. In the morning they were given a series of photos that were supposed to show a crime being committed. Next, both groups were given some eyewitness statements about the crime. Like many witness statements in real-life crimes, the details were different to those shown in the photographs. For example, in
one instance the photo showed a thief putting a wallet in his jacket, but in the witness statement it said he put it in his pants （that’s ‘trousers’ for British people, not his underwear!）. Afterwards, they were asked what they had seen in the original photographs. The results showed that those who’d missed out on their sleep were the most likely to regurgitate the false eyewitness statements they’d just read, rather than remembering the ‘true’ crime-scene photos they’d been
shown moments beforehand.
The lack of sleep had messed with their heads to the extent that all the evidence — right and wrong — had got mixed up.
One of the study’s authors, Kimberly Fenn, said:” People who repeatedly get low amounts of sleep every night could be more prone in the long run to develop these forms of memory distortion. It’s not just a full night of sleep deprivation that puts them at risk.” Indeed, a preliminary study they carried out found that getting just five hours sleep was enough to cause people to start manufacturing false memories.
Which of the following statements is true according the article?A. A full night of sleep deprivation outs people on the risk of false memory
B. Deprivation of sleep fails to have impact on the ability to memorize list
C. Short-term lack of sleep is more likely to result in memory distortion
D. Your own name will not escape you no matter how long you sleep答案：A解析：A 是说失眠可能导致人们记忆出差，这跟整篇文章所说内容是一致的。就是缺觉对人记忆力的影响。B 选项说的是缺觉对人没有影响，刚好跟文章的论点相反。C 项讲短期缺觉更容易对人产生影响，文章中没有提到短期或者长期缺觉的区别。D 项讲无论睡多久人都不会忘记自己的名字，与文章第一段第二句话内容相反。 -
第7题：
单选题According to the passage, poor sleep can be linked to all of the following EXCEPT ______.Aheart disease
Bcar accidents
Cskin problems
Dpoor concentration
正确答案： C解析： -
第8题：
单选题According to the passage, we know ______.Agraffiti can make the buildings look cool
Bthe person who collects rubbish cart get a gift
Cwe can plant trees to improve the environment
正确答案： A解析：
推理判断题。根据The Air You Breathe部分第一句可知“树可以过滤空气中的许多污染物”。所以C选项正确。由War on Graffiti部分第三句可知“许多建筑被人涂上了丑陋的涂鸦”，故A项错误。由Park Life内容可知“捡垃圾最多的人才可以得到一个礼物”，故B项错误。 -
第9题：
单选题Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?APoliticians are obsessed with inputs and outputs, targets and controls.
Bshort-termism leads to the pursuit of immediate and quantifiable measurements.
CCenter-right political parties have long focused on the increase of GDP.
DThe cause of building GWB can be led by the center-left political parties.
正确答案： B解析：
作者在第三段倡导政治家应把精力集中在general well-being (GWB)之上，接下来第四段首句作者便指出“I think the center-right can be the champions of this cause”，因此D项与原文不符。其他选项在文中都有提及。A项和B项内容在第二段都有涉及；C项内容在第三、四段也有涉及。 -
第10题：
单选题Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?ANatural disasters can account for disappearance of languages.
BThe acceleration of language death didn’t start until 200 years ago.
CThe study is conducted with the financial support of UNESCO.
DThe language of Ainu was long neglected before the late l980s.
正确答案： D解析：
事实细节的找寻和判断。录音中提到“However, the past 300 years or so have seen a dramatic increase in the death or disappearance of languages…”，由此可知，大约300年前，某些语言就出现了加速消亡的现象。因此选项B（直到200年前，语言才出现加速消亡的现象）与录音原文不符。
【录音原文】
Half of the 6,000 or so languages spoken in the world are under threat and a wealth of human knowledge could be lost with them, according to a new study. The study says pressures from dominant languages such as English, French, Spanish and Russian are drowning out minority tongues at an accelerating pace. “The dying and disappearance of languages has been going on for thousands of years as a natural event in human society, but at a slow rate,” says the study funded by UNESCO. “However, the past 300 years or so have seen a dramatic increase in the death or disappearance of languages leading to a situation today in which 3,000 or so languages that are still spoken are endangered, seriously endangered or dying.” The study cites several reasons for the disappearance of languages, ranging from repressive government policies and assimilation to economic pressures, migratory trends, disease and natural disasters. While sounding the alarm, it notes that a determined multilingual approach can rescue even the most threatened tongues. In Japan, only eight elderly people spoke Ainu on Hokkaido Island by the late l980s after decades of official neglect, but promotional policies have since revived the language. -
第11题：
单选题Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?AWe will be in trouble if our fat cells become less responsive to insulin.
BMore and more studies are done to study the link between sleep and weight.
CMore than 20% of Americans are not getting enough sleep.
DFat cells are there to help us maintain a good health.
正确答案： B解析：
根据文章最后一段第一句话“Bad things can happen when fat cells become less responsive to insulin.”可以得知：当脂肪细胞对胰岛素的反应能力降低时，不好的事情就可能发生。所以A项表述正确。根据文章第二段最后一句话“More than 1 in 5 of us…”可知：超过20%的美国人睡眠不足，因此C项表述正确。根据文章最后一段第二句“Fat cells are actually your friend… They’re there to store lipids”可知：脂肪细胞可以帮助身体保持健康，因此D选项表述正确。B项原文未提及，故选择B项。 -
第12题：
填空题According to the passage, what happens to those who exercise regularly?They can eat more, and still lose a large amount of ____.正确答案： body fat解析：
细节辨认题。录音最后提到“Therefore, those who exercise regularly can eat more and still lose a large amount of body fat”，即经常锻炼的人吃的多，但是失去的脂肪也多，答案为body fat。
【录音原文】
In the U.S.A, 30% of the adult population has the weight problem. To many people, the cause is obvious—they eat too much. But scientific evidence doesn’t support this idea. Going back to the America of 1910, we find that people were thinner than today, yet they ate more food. In those days, people worked harder physically, walked more, used machines much less and didn’t watch television.
Several modern studies have shown that fatter people don’t eat more than thinner people. In fact, some investigations report that fat people eat less than thinner people. Recently, a study of a research group found the following interesting fact: thinner people are more active than fatter people; therefore, those who exercise regularly can eat more and still lose a large amount of body fat.
Q11: About how many adult American have the weight problem?
Q12: In many people’s opinion, what is the cause of getting fat?
Q13: Why were the Americans in 1910 thinner than today?
Q14: What was the result of a recent study?
Q15: According to the passage, what happens to those who exercise regularly? -
第13题：
Which of the following is NOT included in the passage? ( )
A. If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and his memory is weakened.
B. The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the same as those shown by many mental patients.
C. Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleep.
D. Short sleepers would be better off with more rest.
正确答案：B
B [解析]根据第四段中的“The sleep patterns of the ‘short sleepers' were similar to，but less extreme than，sleep patterns shown by many mental patients…”可知，B项说法错误。 -
第14题：
According to the passage，the major disadvantage of newspapers in its_______
A．high cost
B．lack of changes
C．slow speed
D．lack of interaction
正确答案：C
文章中间几段提到了报纸的劣势，包括速度慢，单调，缺乏互动等等，但从第五段可知人们希望更快捷、方便的获取新闻，而报纸的低速成为它最大的劣势。 -
第15题：
According to the last paragraph, the fourth way is "of a different kind" because（ ）
[A] the first three ways can increase the water supply, while the fourth one can't
[B] the first three ways can make a better use of water, while the fourth one can't
[C] the first three ways is technology-based, while the fourth one is market-based
[D] the first three ways can't balance the supply and demand of water, while the fourth one can
正确答案：C
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第16题：
共用题干
第二篇
Sleep Necessary for Memories
Burning the midnight oil before an exam or interview does harm to the performance
according to a recent research which found that sleep is necessary for memories to be taken
back into the brain.A good night's sleep within 30 hours of trying to remember a new task is
a required condition of having good recall in the weeks ahead,scientists have found.
The research,published in the December issue of Nature Neuroscience,showed that
it was the act of sleep,rather than the simple passage of time,that was critical for long-
term memory formation.
"We think that getting that first night's sleep starts the process of memory consolidation
（巩固）,"said Robert Stickgold , a sleep researcher at Harvard Medical School who
conducted the latest study.
"It seems that memories normally wash out of the brain unless some process nails them
down.My suspicion is that sleep is one of those things that does the nailing down,"
Professor Stickgold said.
With about one in five people claiming that they are so chronically short of sleep that it
affects their daily activities,the latest work emphasizes the less well-understood side effect-
serious memory impairment（损害）.
Volunteers in an experiment found it easier to remember a memory task if they were
allowed to sleep that night.But for those kept awake,no amount of subsequent sleep
made up for the initial loss.
Professor Stickgold's team trained 24 people to identify the direction of three diagonal
（斜线形的）bars flashed for a sixtieth of a second on a computer screen full of horizontal
（水平的）stripes.
Half of the subjects were kept awake that night,while the others slept.Both groups
were allowed to sleep for the second and third nights to make up for any differences in
tiredness between the volunteers.
Those who slept the first night were significantly and consistently better at remembering
the task while the second group showed no improvement despite enjoying two nights of
catch-up sleep.The research published in Nature Neuroscience showed that what was essential to the formation of long-term memory was
A:intelligence.
B:time.
C:food.
D:sleep.答案：D解析： -
第17题：
根据下面资料，回答题
I′ve often wondered how exactly sleep, or lack of it, can have such an awful effect on our bodies and, guess what, how much we sleep switches good genes on and bad genes off.
In the first half of 2013, the Sleep Research Centre at the University of Surrey found a direct link between hours spent sleeping and genes. Every cell in our bodies carries genetic instructions in our DNA that act as a kind of operating handbook. However, each cell only "reads" the part of this handbook it needs at any given moment.
Can sleep affect how a gene reads instructions It′s a question asked by Professor Derk-Jan Dijk at the University of Surrey. He set up an experiment and asked his volunteers to spend a week sleeping around seven and a half hours to eight hours a night and the next sleeping six and a half to seven hours.
Blood samples were taken each week to compare which genes in blood cells were being used during the long and short nights. The results were rather surprising. Several hundred genes changed in the amount they were being used, including some that are linked to heart disease, cancer, and Type 2 diabetes. Genes to do with cell repair and replacement were used much less.
Sleep restriction (six and a half to seven hours a night) changed 380 genes. Of these,220 genes were down regulated (their power was reduced), while 160 were up regulated (their power was increased). Those affected included body-clock genes which are linked to diabetes. One of the most downgraded genes is that which has a role in controlling insulin and is linked to diabetes and insomnia. The most upgraded gene is linked to heart disease.
So changing sleep by tiny amounts can upgrade or downgrade genes that can influence our health and the diseases we suffer from when we sleep too little.
The important message is that getting close to eight hours of sleep a night can make a dramatic difference to our health in just a few days through the way it looks after our genes.
What kind of relation is directly discussed in the passage 查看材料A.Sleeping hours and changes of genes.
B.Sleeping hours and diseases.
C.Changes of genes and diseases.
D.Genes and health.答案：A解析：主旨题。阅读第一段、最后一段和每段第一句话，不难看出本文主要讲的是睡眠时间与人体内基因的关系。第二段中的“a direct link between hours spent sleeping and genes”更是直接地进行了表述。故选A。 -
第18题：
单选题According to the passage, the Earth’s magnetic field has _____.Abegun to change in the opposite direction
Bbeen weakening in strength for a long time
Ccaused the changes on the polarities
Dmisguided many a man and animal
正确答案： C解析：
文章第一段：《纽约时报》上周报导地球磁场严重减弱开始于150年前。磁场保护着我们的星球，为许多生物指引方向。 -
第19题：
单选题According to the passage, lack of sleep for a long while can probably lead to all of the following EXCEPT _____.Aheart disease
Bweight gain
Cdiabetes
Dliver disease
正确答案： B解析： -
第20题：
单选题Which of the following can be the title for the passage?AHow to Ask Ways While Traveling
BHow to Shop in a Foreign Country
CProtect Your Personal Information
DStay Safe While Traveling Abroad
正确答案： D解析：
本文主要讲述海外旅行安全问题，包括购物安全、结伴旅行、贵重物品存放以及环境安全。因此正确答案是D。其余三项皆为安全注意事项的具体细节，不足以概括文章主旨。 -
第21题：
单选题According to the passage, people have difficulty getting to sleep because ______.Athey work more than sixty hours a week
Bthey have too many enemies
Cthey do not sleep happily
Dthey are not tired enough
正确答案： C解析：
文章首段指出据爱丁堡大学的Dr. Ian Oswald称世界上十分之一的人都入睡困难，原因很简单，大多数人睡不着觉是因为自身问题：他们睡得太早了。也就是说身体还不累就睡觉了，故D项符合题意。 -
第22题：
单选题According to the passage, it is now quite usual for women to______.Astay at home after leaving school
Bmarry men younger than themselves
Cstart working again later in life
Dmarry while still at school
正确答案： A解析： -
第23题：
单选题According to the passage, some doctors recommend that night-shift workers should _____.Ahave frequent visits and phone calls
Bimprove their family relationship
Chave two smaller sleep periods
Drely mainly on light therapy
正确答案： B解析：
事实细节题。题目询问“根据文章，有些医生建议夜班工人如何？”从文章倒数第二句“Some experts recommend that night-shift...”可知，正确答案为C。 -
第24题：
单选题According to the passage, what have some school done to help their students get enough sleep?AEducating their students about the importance of sleep.
BMonitoring their students' late-night activities.
CDelaying school start times.
DSetting strict rules.
正确答案： C解析：