问答题Passage 2　　Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors: mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make 1 the manufacture of more goods with

The author of Passage 1 refers to the hunter-gatherer primarily to suggest that ______.

In describing basic diesel engine operation，the term ‘event’ refers to （）

Passage1Children who spend more than two hours a day at a computer or watching television are more likely than others to have mental problems，scientists say.Researchers found that 11-year-olds who spent several hours in front of a screen each day did worse on mental health tests，no matter how much physical exercise they got. The University of Bristol study，published in Pediatrics，involved more than 1，000 children aged about 10.They also had the kids fill out questionnaires designed to gauge the kids' emotional well-being and behavior.The questionnaires contained 20 questions covering five sections-emotional difficulties，conduct problems，hyperactivity or inattention，friendships and peer groups and problems relating to friends and peer groups.The study found no direct evidence that sitting in front of a screen actually causes mental health problems. Instead，it suggests that children with difficulties，such as extreme shyness，are more likely to choose TV or computer games than sociable activities. In the study，children were asked whether they agreed，disagreed or somewhat agree with a list of statements，including，"I generally play alone or keep to myself" and，"I am often unhappy or tearful".They were also asked how much exercise they took and how long they spent at a TV or computer screen.According to the study，children who spent more than two hours a day at a screen had a 60% higher risk of mental problems than children who spent fewer viewing hours. The risk was only slightly higher in children who did little or no exercise."Physical activity is good for health in many ways，but it can't make up for long hours of screen viewing. Parents should consider limiting their children's screen viewing to no more than 2 hours a day，”said the study organizer，Angie Page.Previous studies have raised concerns that watching too much television can affect children's behavior in later life. A Canadian study found that those who watched most TV as young children performed worse at school, ate more junk food and had more trouble concentrating.What is the passage mainly about?

Our factory is much more productive now. This year’s production is five times as much （） it was ten years ago.

Passage1Children who spend more than two hours a day at a computer or watching television are more likely than others to have mental problems，scientists say.Researchers found that 11-year-olds who spent several hours in front of a screen each day did worse on mental health tests，no matter how much physical exercise they got. The University of Bristol study，published in Pediatrics，involved more than 1，000 children aged about 10.They also had the kids fill out questionnaires designed to gauge the kids' emotional well-being and behavior.The questionnaires contained 20 questions covering five sections-emotional difficulties，conduct problems，hyperactivity or inattention，friendships and peer groups and problems relating to friends and peer groups.The study found no direct evidence that sitting in front of a screen actually causes mental health problems. Instead，it suggests that children with difficulties，such as extreme shyness，are more likely to choose TV or computer games than sociable activities. In the study，children were asked whether they agreed，disagreed or somewhat agree with a list of statements，including，"I generally play alone or keep to myself" and，"I am often unhappy or tearful".They were also asked how much exercise they took and how long they spent at a TV or computer screen.According to the study，children who spent more than two hours a day at a screen had a 60% higher risk of mental problems than children who spent fewer viewing hours. The risk was only slightly higher in children who did little or no exercise."Physical activity is good for health in many ways，but it can't make up for long hours of screen viewing. Parents should consider limiting their children's screen viewing to no more than 2 hours a day，”said the study organizer，Angie Page.Previous studies have raised concerns that watching too much television can affect children's behavior in later life. A Canadian study found that those who watched most TV as young children performed worse at school, ate more junk food and had more trouble concentrating.How can children improve mental health according to the passage？

Equal power factors on paralleled AC generators are maintained by an automatic （）.

Passage 2　　Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors: mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make  1 the manufacture of more goods with  2 workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called “the Second  3 Revolution.　　Labor’s concern  4 automation  5 from uncertainty about its effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labor has  6 the view that 7 to technological change is futile. In the long run, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing,  8 and repairing automation equipment. Unquestionably,  9 , there will be major shifts in jobs within plants, and displacement of labor from one industry to another. The interest of labor lies in  10 this transition with a  11 of inconvenience and distress  12 workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower cost by automation should be shared by workers in the  13 of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.　　To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the  14 of supplementary unemployment benefits plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in a SUB plan has a direct financial stake in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong  15 for planning new installation so as to cause the least possible disruption in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiting that permanently.  16 -off workers be paid a sum of money based on  17 of service. Another approach is the idea of the “improvement factor”, which calls  18 wage increases based on increased in  19 . It is probable, however, that labor will rely mainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the  20 of automation.1. A. possible　　　　B. probable　　　　C. necessary　　　　D. acceptable2. A. few　　　　　　 B. fewer　　　　　 C. many　　　　　　 D. more3. A. Automation　　　B. Industrial　　　C. Industrialized　 D. Industrious4. A. in　　　　　　　B. upon　　　　　　C. over　　　　　　 D. with5. A. rises　　　　　 B. arises　　　　　C. arouses　　　　　D. evokes6. A. taken　　　　　 B. got　　　　　　 C. gained　　　　　 D. used7. A. struggle　　　　B. resistance　　　C. objection　　　　D. unfavor8. A. conserving　　　B. storing　　　　 C. maintaining　　　D. preserving9. A. however　　　　 B. somehow　　　　 C. nevertheless　　 D. conversely10. A. bringing about B. bringing out　　C. reduction　　　　D. limitation12. A. for　　　　　　B. upon　　　　　　C. about　　　　　　D. to13. A. term　　　　　 B. approach　　　　C. access　　　　　 D. from14. A. promotion　　　B. support　　　　 C. decrease　　　　 D. discouragement15. A. encouragement　B. stimulation　　 C. incentive　　　　D. interest16. A. lain　　　　　 B. lay　　　　　　 C. lied　　　　　　 D. laid17. A. span　　　　　 B. term　　　　　　C. length　　　　　 D. period18. A. at　　　　　　 B. on　　　　　　　C. up　　　　　　　 D. for19. A. production　 　B. productivity　　C. industry　　　　 D. manufacture20. A. results　　　　B. fruits　　　　　C. consequences　　 D. essence

This arrangement is （） if the elements are directly connected to one another and the control action takes place without human involvement.

Passage1Children who spend more than two hours a day at a computer or watching television are more likely than others to have mental problems，scientists say.Researchers found that 11-year-olds who spent several hours in front of a screen each day did worse on mental health tests，no matter how much physical exercise they got. The University of Bristol study，published in Pediatrics，involved more than 1，000 children aged about 10.They also had the kids fill out questionnaires designed to gauge the kids' emotional well-being and behavior.The questionnaires contained 20 questions covering five sections-emotional difficulties，conduct problems，hyperactivity or inattention，friendships and peer groups and problems relating to friends and peer groups.The study found no direct evidence that sitting in front of a screen actually causes mental health problems. Instead，it suggests that children with difficulties，such as extreme shyness，are more likely to choose TV or computer games than sociable activities. In the study，children were asked whether they agreed，disagreed or somewhat agree with a list of statements，including，"I generally play alone or keep to myself" and，"I am often unhappy or tearful".They were also asked how much exercise they took and how long they spent at a TV or computer screen.According to the study，children who spent more than two hours a day at a screen had a 60% higher risk of mental problems than children who spent fewer viewing hours. The risk was only slightly higher in children who did little or no exercise."Physical activity is good for health in many ways，but it can't make up for long hours of screen viewing. Parents should consider limiting their children's screen viewing to no more than 2 hours a day，”said the study organizer，Angie Page.Previous studies have raised concerns that watching too much television can affect children's behavior in later life. A Canadian study found that those who watched most TV as young children performed worse at school, ate more junk food and had more trouble concentrating.Which of the children behavior below leads to the highest risk of the mental problems, according to the University of Bristol study?

A recent study of an insurance company’s underwriters indicated that those who worked in pleasant physical surroundings were 25 percent more productive than their peers in unpleasant physical surroundings. Objective criteria for evaluating job performance included caseload and complexity of cases. This shows that improving workers’ environments increases those workers’ productivity.　 Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion above?

Passage 2　　● Read this text about information-oriented society.　　● Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.　　● For each gap (9-14), mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.　　● Do not use any letter more than once.　　● There is an example at the beginning (0).New Developments for an Information—Oriented Society　　The astounding technological progress that is being achieved recently with electronics as the center—piece is providing our society with sophisticated means for information processing and distribution. Information channeling technology is undergoing rapid progress and has, in reality, become a decisive factor determining the very future of our society and economy.　　Backed by civilian factors such as diversification of philosophies of value and sophistication of needs and preferences in concert with the nation’s rising living standard, Japanese society is presently undergoing changes in the extension of economic services and in the industrial structure. Meanwhile, newly coined words such as “information channeling,” ,“software-based operations” and “de-industrialization” have come into use to make these changes tangible, and what can be said commonly in connection with these words in that.(9)______　　The trend toward and information-oriented society is becoming apparent even in industry, with personnel engaged in information channeling professions increasing at a fast pace recently in all sectors of industry. These trends in both society and industry have been made possible primarily through poplar acceptance of the computer, communications equipment and data processing equipment, but further reliance on sophisticated computerized systems can be seen not only in the sector of industry but also in our daily lives.(10)______　　Information channeling is undergoing remarkable progress in various sectors of society—in industrial activities, public services and, more recently, in daily living.　　In the sector of industrial activities, automations is continuing with the aim of increasing productivity—introduction of computers for process control by the manufacturing industry, and introduction of no machine tools, industrial robots, CAD／CAM systems and, more recently, FMS by the processing and assembling industries.　　Meanwhile, in offices, rapid office automation is presently in progress, stimulated by the popular acceptance of computerized systems, expansion of communications networks and the remarkable technological progress achieved in related equipment such as Japanese word processors. (11)______　　Information channeling is being utilized actively in the field of public services. For example, large-capacity computers were introduced from an early stage for the control of railway trains and for extending seat reservation services, and more recently diagnostic systems utilizing computers have become commonplace in medical care to cope with the steady an aging society, research is in progress to develop technologies related to medical information systems with the aim of improving efficiency in medical services. (12)______　　In the sector of administration, efficiency of clerical work is being improved through the introduction of computers, and huge volumes of administrative data are more recently being stored in data base systems. In the wake of these, computers have become indispensable for advancing large-scale R&D projects as in connection with space development and atomic power development, and also in the field of basic research in life sciences.(13)______　　To cope with civilian needs for more convenience in home living and in order to meet the needs raised by growing diversification of lifestyles, active research is presently in progress to develop and commercialize new media incorporating sophisticated data processing functions for use in addition to existing media involving the television, radio and telephone. In concert, research is being directed at developing technologies related to automation in the home.　　Progress of Science and Technology Supporting Information Channeling　　Electronic element technology, the foundation for progress of the computer as well as communications equipment, has undergone a steady transition form the vacuum tube, followed with the transistor and IC, to the current LSl. Progress has been so dramatic in integration rotes that, today, super LSIs integrating more than l00, 00 elements on a single circuit are being developed one after another elements on a single circuit are being developed one after another. (14)______　　A. The Current State of Information Channeling in Japan.　　B. In our society, “information” is gaining relatively greater significance compared with material resources.　　C. Rapid automation and efficiency improvement are also being achieved in the sector of commodity distribution through the introduction of advanced POS systems.　　D. Daily living is also a sector in which information channeling is taking firm root　　E. This progress has led to remarkable improvements in system economy and reliability, leading to the successive development of microcomputers and elements designed for the widest range of applications.　　F. Introduction of Information Systems in Various Sectors of Society.　　G. This has resulted in computers today that feature performances that were unimaginable in the early days of the computer.　　H. Regarding education, computerized systems including the CAI system and CMI system are presently being put to trial operation.

According to this passage, which of the following statements is FALSE?

In this passage, the author tells us _____.

Which of the following is true about mental health and physical health?

Passage 2 indicates that Costanza himself considers the true value of the world's ecosys- tems to be ______.

______, the new electronic device they designed is now in regular operation.

According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

According to the passage, we may infer that in the future______.

Passage1Children who spend more than two hours a day at a computer or watching television are more likely than others to have mental problems，scientists say.Researchers found that 11-year-olds who spent several hours in front of a screen each day did worse on mental health tests，no matter how much physical exercise they got. The University of Bristol study，published in Pediatrics，involved more than 1，000 children aged about 10.They also had the kids fill out questionnaires designed to gauge the kids' emotional well-being and behavior.The questionnaires contained 20 questions covering five sections-emotional difficulties，conduct problems，hyperactivity or inattention，friendships and peer groups and problems relating to friends and peer groups.The study found no direct evidence that sitting in front of a screen actually causes mental health problems. Instead，it suggests that children with difficulties，such as extreme shyness，are more likely to choose TV or computer games than sociable activities. In the study，children were asked whether they agreed，disagreed or somewhat agree with a list of statements，including，I generally play alone or keep to myself and，I am often unhappy or tearful.They were also asked how much exercise they took and how long they spent at a TV or computer screen.According to the study，children who spent more than two hours a day at a screen had a 60% higher risk of mental problems than children who spent fewer viewing hours. The risk was only slightly higher in children who did little or no exercise.Physical activity is good for health in many ways，but it can't make up for long hours of screen viewing. Parents should consider limiting their children's screen viewing to no more than 2 hours a day，”said the study organizer，Angie Page.Previous studies have raised concerns that watching too much television can affect children's behavior in later life. A Canadian study found that those who watched most TV as young children performed worse at school, ate more junk food and had more trouble concentrating.How did the researchers carry out the study?

Many paper producers will preserve lignin during manufacture, because leaving the lignin will make more paper from a tree.____