问答题Passage 1　　Health officials in western Siberia are to begin in slaughter of thousands of birds today after identifying Russia's first outbreak of a bird flu strain that can be fatal in humans. Doctors in neighboring Kazakhstan have also 1 that a 19-y

Directions:In this section, there is one passage followed by 5 questions. Read the passage carefully, then answer the questions in as few words as possible (not more than 10 words). Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.　　Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage.　　Many people today are worried about bird flu. They are afraid that it will pass from birds to humans and that thousands of people will die in a pandemic. In 1918 a flu virus killed about 50 million people around the world. The virus was called Spanish influenza (or Spanish flu, for short) because Spanish newspapers first described the disease. Now, after nine years of work, scientists in an American laboratory in Atlanta, Georgia, have produced a copy of the Spanish flu virus. They are also going to publish the genetic sequence of the virus on the Internet and some experts are afraid that other laboratories could copy the virus.　　Scientists have copied the virus because they want to understand why the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic killed so many people. In a report in the journal Science, Dr. Jeffery Taubenberger and a team of scientists in the USA show that the copied virus is extremely powerful. The scientists injected the virus into mice and the mice began to lose weight very quickly. They lost 13% of their weight in two days and all of the mice died within six days.　　“I didn’t expect it to be as lethal as it was,”Dr. Terrence Tumpey, one of the scientists in the team, told the journal Nature. In another experiment, they injected more mice with a normal type of flu. The mice lost weight at first but then they got better and did not die. The experiments showed that the mice with the Spanish flu virus had 39,000 times more flu virus in their bodies than the second group of mice.　　The scientists who copied the virus say their work has already provided important information about the virus and helps to explain why it is so lethal. But other experts are worried that the virus could escape from the laboratory. “Some people will think that they have really created a biological weapon,” said Professor Ronald Atlas of the University of Louisville in Kentucky. “I am even more worried now than I was before about the possibility of a flu pandemic. The 1918 flu pandemic started with bird flu and that might happen again today with Asian bird flu.”　　Some scientists are worried about the publication of the genetic sequence on the Internet. They are afraid that biologists could copy the virus using the information on the Internet. This could be very dangerous.　　It took a long time to copy the virus. Scientists used material taken from the lungs of people who died from the flu virus in 1918. In a second report in Nature, Taubenberger and his colleagues analyzed the genetic make-up of the virus. They were surprised to find that it was completely different from all the normal human flu viruses. This probably means that Spanish flu jumped from birds to humans and did not mix with a human virus first. This is very worrying for scientists because in the past everyone believed that a pandemic was only possible if a bird flu virus mixed with a human flu virus.　　Taubenberger says it is very important to know what changes in the virus caused the 1918 Spanish flu virus. This will help scientists to work out which viruses might cause a pandemic. The H5N1 bird flu in Asia is already changing and it could infect humans, he said.　　Viruses have escaped from high-security labs before. The SARS virus escaped at least twice, once in Taiwan and once in Singapore. But some scientists believe a pandemic will not happen even if the virus escapes, because most people are naturally immune and there are now a lot of drugs which protect people from flu.　　Questions:　　1．When was the Spanish flu pandemic?　　2．How many people died in the Spanish flu pandemic?　　3．Where did the scientists produce a copy of the Spanish flu virus?　　4．How quickly did the laboratory mice die?　　5．What is H5N1?

Wild Birds Treated as Bird-flu Carriers　　Avian influenza, also known as bird-flu, is dominating headlines in some parts of the world. The first cases of the deadly HSN1 swain of the virus have been confirmed in Europe and there have been new outbreaks in Asia. Bird-flu is here to stay, according to the World Health Organization, and countries are revising their procedures on how to prevent, or at the very least delay, a human pandemic. In areas where the virus has already been confirmed, like Romania, most efforts focus on trying to keep domestic birds away from wild local birds like swans, and migrating birds like geese. In the wetlands of the Danube delta thousands of hens, ducks and geese have already been slaughtered.　　Some ornithologists plead that we’d better not demonize the wild birds. Bird flu began among poultry in south-east Asia, almost certainly because of the way people treat domestic birds, cramped together in small cages. They infected the wild birds, which are now bringing the virus to Europe and Africa. Poultry are catching it, and sooner or later, so will humans. It’s coming full circles. So don’t blame the birds. Blame human cruelty.　　On a lake in Mined, not far from the delta capital Tulcea, two pigmy cormorants,10 domestic ducks, egrets, black-headed gulls, and swans, lots of swans. Sleeping. They shouldn’t be sleeping now. It’s the middle of the day! Perhaps they’re sick. Swans have borne the brunt of the bird-flu outbreak here so far. They were weak anyway, because of the floods which have struck Romania this Spring and Summer. Swans thrive in water not much deeper than one metre. They plunge their long necks under water to feed. With water levels unusually high, the swans have take refuge this year in fish farms, where many shallow, man-made pools offer rich pickings. But other birds, domestic and wild, gather there too-and such concentrations of birds, experts say, create a perfect environment for spreading disease. In the second confirmed bird-flu cluster in the delta,137 swans have died, on a fish farm in the village of Maliue. In the third cluster, near the Ukrainian border,15 swans have died so far.　　The number may not be huge, but this is undoubtedly the tip of the avian influenza iceberg. Bird-flu is already present in Romania’s neighbors, Ukraine, Moldova, and Bulgaria. White-fronted geese can travel 500 kilometers in a single day! Scientists should concentrate on a vaccine to prevent the virus in birds, and not put all their efforts into the human version.　　According to experts from the World Health Organization, the virus will remain for a long time in the region. More cases of bird-flu will be discovered, And each time, a major quarantine operation will have to be launched. To kill poultry, to closely observe those who have come into contact with sick birds, and seal off the area. People throughout this wetland region will just have to learn a new way of life. And so will their hens and ducks and geese.　　Like the tale of the Sultan’s gold coin, no one can say how this story will end.

Practice 7　　When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they're usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it food for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.　　Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy (树冠) of taller indigenous (土生土长的) trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren’t any trees. With increased production come increased profits.　　Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local-wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators (捕食者) in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.　　Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.　　Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as "shade grown" and "bird friendly." Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But we're paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think it's worth it.

Doctors have long known that breast-feeding can be good for a baby's health.