问答题Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.1) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, th

题目
问答题
Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.1) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.　　“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words anthropos “human” and logos “the study of.” By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences.2) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.　　Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.　　All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.3)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.　　Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. 4) Tylor defined culture as “… that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.　　5) Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
相似考题

1.Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning — a gradual 7 — instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to 8 .Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I’ve ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.1.______[A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine

2.EEvery day we experiencc one of the wonders of the world around us without even realizing it It is not the amszing complexity of television. Nor the impressive tcchnology of transport The universal wonder we share andExperience is our ability to make noises with our mouths, and so transmit ideas and thoughts to each other’s minds. This ability comes so naturally that tend to forget what a miracle（奇迹）it is.Obviously, the ability to talk is something that marks humans off from animals. Of course, some animals have powers just as amazing. Birds can fly thousands of miles by observing positions of the stars in the sky in relation to the time of day and year. In Nature’s went show, humans are a species of animal that have deve pod their own special act. If we reduce it to basie ferms, it’s a ability for communicating information to ther by varying sounds we make as we breathe out.Not the to don’t have other powers of communication. Our facia. expressions convey our emotions, such as anger, or jout or disappointment. The way we hold our beads can indicate to others whether we are happy or sad. This is so-called “body language”. Bristling(直立的)fur is an unmistakable warning of attack among many animals. Similarly, the bowed bead or drooping tail shows a readiness to take second place in any animal gathering.Such a means of communication is a basic mechanism that animals, including human beings, instinctively acquire and display. Is the ability to speak just another sort of instinct? If so, how did human beings acquire this amazing skill? Biologists can readily indicate that particular area of our brain where speech mechanisms function, but this doesn’t tell us how that part of our bodies originated in our biological history.72.According to the passage, the wonder we take for granted is____ .A.our ability to use languageB.the mintle of technalayC.the miaole power of natureD.our canlity to make noises with mouth

3.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET II. ( 10 points)Do animals have rights.'? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground clearing way to start. 46) Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. 47) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people—4or instance to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations.In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it, how do you reply to somebody who says "I don' t like this contract" ?The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. 48 ) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consider- ation humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?Many deny it. 49) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake—a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.This view which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely "logical". In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form. of moral reasoning—the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl—is to weigh others' interests against one's own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. 50)When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind' s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.46.____________________

4.Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.

更多“问答题Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.1) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, th”相关问题

  • 第1题：

    All human beings have a comfortable选择

    All human beings have a comfortable zone regulating the ______ they keep from someone they talk with.

    A) distance        B) scope          C) range                D) boundary

     


    A
    keep distance  from 与....保持距离

  • 第2题：

    共用题干
    第二篇

    The next big breakthrough in artificial intelligence could come from giving machines not just more logical capacity,but emotional capacity as well.
    Feeling aren't usually associated with inanimate（无生命的）machines, but Posalind Picard, a professor of computer technology at MIT,believes emotion may be just the thing computes need to work effectively.Computers need artificial emotion both to understand their human users better and to achieve self-analysis and self-improvement,says Picard.
    "If we want computers to be genuinely intelligent,to adapt to us,and to interact naturally with us,then they will need the ability to recognize and express emotions,to have emotions,and to have what has come to be called emotional intelligence,"Picard says.
    One way that emotions can help computers,she suggests,is by helping keep them from crashing. Today's computers produce error messages,but they do not have a "gut feeling" of knowing when something is wrong or doesn't make sense.A healthy fear of death could motivate a computer to stop trouble as soon as it starts.On the other hand, self-preservation would need to be subordinate to service to humans.It was fear of its own death that promoted RAL,the fictional computer in the film 2002 :A Space Odyssey, to extermine（消灭）most of its human associates.
    Similarly,computers that could"read"their users would accumulate a store of highly personal information about us一not just what we said and did,but what we likely thought and felt.
    "Emotion not only contribute to a richer quality of interaction,but they directly impact a person's ability to interact in an intelligent way,"Picard says."Emotional skills,especially the ability to recognize and express emotions,are essential for natural communication with humans."

    What does the author think about the computers with emotions?
    A:The author has high expectation for its potential in the future.
    B:The author worries that it will threaten the security of human beings.
    C:The author doubts its capacity to interact with human beings.
    D:The author believes that it will take the place of human beings in many aspects.

    答案：A
    解析：
    事实细节题。本题考查文中人物的观点。可从第二段的结尾句中找到答案，选项A和C没有依据，选项B与第二段最后一句中的self-improvement不符，improve不等同于eliminate。
    推理判断题。在第三段开头的条件状语从句中，" to adapt to us , and to interact naturally with us”既是与“to be genuinely intelligent”并列的结构，也是对其的补充解释，由此可以推断出答案。选项B无合理的依据。根据第四段第二句，情感只是让计算机知道什么时候出了毛病或指令不明，并可对此作出修正，但这并不能说明选项C或D正确。
    词义推断题。在原句中，有了gut feeling，计算机就能知道何时出了毛病，由此可以推断gut feeling应该是一个好的特性，不带有任何贬义，从而排除选项B、C、D。
    推理判断题。本题考查例子与观点的关系。该例子支持的观点是例子的前一句，即第四段第四句。其他选项并非作者在本文要阐明的目的。
    推理判断题，也是观点态度题。根据文章开头以及综观全文可知，作者对改进被赋予情感的计算机的功能寄予了很高的期望。本题最具干扰性的是选项B，计算机对人类的威胁在第四段的例子里有步及，但这并非作者的主要想法，作者认为只要控制得好，情感计算机就能更高效（如最后一段所述）。

  • 第3题：

    Another way to divide the study of geography is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography.The former focuses on the natural world;the（ ）starts with human beings and studies how human beings and their environment act upon each other.

    A.second
    B.next
    C.later
    D.latter

    答案：D
    解析：
    注意句型：the former…，the latter“前者……，后者……”。

  • 第4题：

    All kinds of techniques and medicines ______ to extend human beings’ live in recent years.

    A.have been developed
    B.are being developed
    C.were developed
    D.develop

    答案：A
    解析：
    本题考察动词的时态和语态，题目意为“近年来，各种各样延长人类生命的技术和药物都被开发出来了。”主语是“技术和药物”，因此要使用被动语态，时间状语是in recent years,时态用现在完成时。
    　　

  • 第5题：

    From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind’s future 3 and cultural growth increased. Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language. They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, 9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical 10 times for language development. Current 11 of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 13 grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15 of their first language have become firmly fixed. 16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been 17 from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that 18 with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 19 than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20 , children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child's language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones. 请在20处填上正确答案（）

    • A、As a result
    • B、After all
    • C、In other words
    • D、Above all

    正确答案:C

  • 第6题：

    问答题
    The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake—a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other her humans. But the most elementary form of moral reasoning is to weigh others’ interests against one’s own. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. When that happens, it is not a mistake, it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.

    正确答案：
    问题是:如对人的权利没有一致的意见,去争论动物的权利是没有结果的。只会一开始就把讨论引向极端。它使人们认为应这样对待动物:要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅,要么对它们冷漠无情。这是一种错误的选择。有人认为从人与动物在各相关方面都不同,持这种极端看法的人会认为对待动物无须考虑道德问题。任何对动物的遭遇的关心都被认为是错误的,是把自己的感情放错了地方,因为这种感情应当放到其他人身上。但是道德观的最基本一条是将心比心。对大多数人来说,看到动物受罪足以引起人的同情。这种反应并不是错误,而是人用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用。这种本能应当得到鼓励而不应遭到嘲笑。
    解析：
    【翻译要点】
    本题涉及到词类转换，词类转换主要是名词。相对说来，英语依靠名词组句要比汉语多一点，而汉语是通过动词的集结来表达的。这样在翻译中，就有一个转换的问题。该题第四句中提到extremists（极端分子），如不读原文，根本弄不懂“极端分子”指什么。显然是误译。从第二句提到的It leads the discussion to extremes，可知extremists of this kind是指“持这类极端观点的人”，并不是“极端分子”。英语中有用表示身份的名词来表达一个人的动作的特点，因此此处extremists不宜译成名词，而应译成动作意义：有人认为人与动物在各相关方面都不同，持这种极端看法就会认为对待动物无须考虑道德问题。

  • 第7题：

    问答题
    The overuse of modern technologies in recreational activities makes human beings less creative. Do you agree or disagree? Write a composition of about 400 words on this topic.

    正确答案：
    It is universally acknowledged that modern technologies are widely used in our everyday entertainment activities, providing joy and happiness for all. We enjoy kaleidoscopic TV programmes using signals received from satellites; we play music and show films on complex hi-fi stereos; and an increasing number of people surf the Internet every day for information and fun. Under these circumstances, many fear that the overuse of modern technologies in entertainment might result in the gradual loss of human creativity, as man grows to rely almost entirely on machines and high-tech inventions to work entertaining miracles. Honestly, I regard this point of view as downright wrong.
    To begin with, it is precisely man's creativity that has made all the modern technologies possible and available, which in turn leads to their creative application in entertainment. Their wide application does not necessarily mean that man is losing his creativity, but simply indicates that this creativity has all along been turned into reality and put to use.
    Secondly, rather than stunting man's imagination, the overuse of modern technologies actually enables man to be more and more creative. For instance, Dream Works, the famous American film company, has been designing and producing cartoons using computer technology. From the uni-dimensional The Prince of Egypt to the most lifelike Shrek, whatever one can imagine, it can be created by that computer, together with human intelligence and imagination.
    Thirdly, history has proved that wide application of technologies in recreational activities has not affected human creativity. As a matter of fact, human beings have extensively used modern technologies to entertain themselves since the 1950s. However, we find so far no evidence which shows that man's creativity is declining. Instead, we never fail to find new creations appearing in quick succession.
    Finally, the development of modern technologies depends on man's creativity. TV sets, CD players, computers and all sort of high-tech appliances are invented and developed by man. And his boundless imagination and endless thirst for more joy and fun will always inspire him to invent better technologies and then enjoy new varieties of entertainment.
    To sum up, the fuss about how the overuse of modern technologies might be making people lose their creativity is totally unnecessary. For man, as a ceaseless explorer, will always develop new ways of fun using new types of advanced technologies.
    解析：
    对于题目里提到的“娱乐活动中现代科技的滥用降低了人们的创造力”这一说法，作者在第一段末尾表示不认同。接下来正文段里分四点进行论证，其中援引了梦工厂的电影等例子作为论据。最后一段重申了中心论点。

  • 第8题：

    单选题
    The ability to communicate ideas and instruction was all necessary for the incredible development of the frontal brain lobe in human beings.
    A

    all that was necessary

    B

    necessary all that

    C

    all necessary that

    D

    that all was necessary


    正确答案： B
    解析： 句意：表达想法和指示的能力是人类脑部额叶发展所必需的。was后面为表语从句，且从句中缺少主语，故此处需要填入充当主语的成分。all that相当于what，用在此处既符合语法规范，又符合句意。因此答案选A。

  • 第9题：

    单选题
    Both passages suggest which of the following about evolution?
    A

    The fossil record is incomplete, so we must supplement it with other evidence.

    B

    Our claims about evolutionary processes should be supported with clear evidence.

    C

    Humans are no longer closely related to other species on the planet.

    D

    Macroevolution has been shown to take place millions of times since life began.

    E

    Indisputable evidence for evolution can be found in humans' genetic code.


    正确答案： B
    解析：
    第一篇文章用一些基因来证明进化，而第二篇文章认为进化论这个观点是可疑的，因为缺乏足够的证据。

  • 第10题：

    问答题
    Practice 2　　Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.　　Being truly human as a member of a society means seeing injustice and working to fix it. The human mind is endowed with not only the ability to perceive the world and act instinctively, but to visualize a better future and endeavor to realize it.　　Assignment: What is one great injustice in the world, and how should it be addresed? Write an essay in which you answer this question and explain the reasons for your choice. You may draw inspiration and support from literature, the arts, history, politics, science and technology, current events, or your experience or observation.

    正确答案： 【参考范文】
    One great in justice that has not been adequately addressed is the perception that depression is a sign of weakness. The human mind is a complex puzzle. Psychological theories, diagnoses and treatment are constantly changing and may never be fully understood. Unfortunately, people tend to dismiss theories that don’t provide simple answers.
    At best, psychologists can create a rough map of tendencies and patterns, connecting them as often as possible to findings in neurology and thus lending them a sense of scientific validity, . Diagnosing a complex disease like depression involves examining a wide constellation of symptoms over a long period of time. This doesn’t satisfy skeptics. Someone with the flu will show clear symptoms like fever, nausea, and congestion. A depressed person will have less measurable symptoms like lethargy, emotional polarity or apathy. Skeptics tend to view these as simply a lack of will. They do not understand that depression is an illness just like influenza or cancer. Someone with a tumor can’t just think happy thoughts and pretend it is not there. The same can be said about clinical depression.
    People suffering from depression are unfairly stigmatized. They resist seeking help and so lead lives filled with unnecessary pain. Those lucky enough to find help are often ashamed to tell their peers. Friends often misconstrue symptoms of depression as personal slights. . Why didn’t she call me? Why is he not fun anymore? Bonds are thus broken due to miscommunication.
    Depression alters one’s life at least as dramatically as more “accepted” illnesses do. People suffering from depression need others to understand the limitations deprssion imposes. They need to be allowed to heal. Advances in anti-depresents and mood stabilizers can help ease these adjustments, but social pressure makes it nearly impossible for the victims of depression to live in a suitable environment.
    Emotional disorders are a remarkably sad facet of life. To lose control over one’s emotions is to lose track of hope. A world that denies one’s suffering makes this situation even worse. The key to resolving this problem is education. People of all ages need to understand how prevalent depression is and that it is not a cause for embarrassment. Hopefully, we will one day live in a world where emotional disorders will be treated with the same tolerance and compassion as “traditional” illnesses.
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第11题：

    According to the text, what is beyond man\'s ability now is to design a robot that can

    A fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.

    B interact with human beings verbally.

    C have a little common sense.

    D respond independently to a changing world.


    正确答案：D

  • 第12题：

    Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are.1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer's piece in the Science Times on Tuesday.Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives.This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer,that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence,it 5 out,is a high-priced option.It takes more upkeep,burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning—a gradual 7—instead of instinct.Plenty of other species are able to learn,and one of the things they've apparently learned is when to 8.Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence?That's the question behind this new research.I like it.Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we've left in the dust I.Q.-wise,it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be.This is 12 the mind of every animal I've ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance.Every cat with an owner,14,is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning.we believe that 15 animals ran the labs,they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience,our faithfulness,our memory for terrain.They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17,not merely how much of it there is.18,they would hope to study a 19 question:Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?20 the results are inconclusive.8选？

    A.fight
    B.doubt
    C.stop
    D.think

    答案：C
    解析：
    空所在的内容为：很多其他物种都有学习的能力，而且它们明显学了一种技能就是知道何时需要。从句意中我们可以判断出这种技能必然是一种最简单的行为，B、D显然可以排除，比较A、C，再结合前文谈到的跑步的类比，stop更能接近文章内容，故答案为C。

  • 第13题：

    共用题干
    Cloning（克隆）:Future Pertect?

    1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell.Since Scottish
    scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997,research
    into cloning has grown rapidly.In May 1998,scientists in Massachusetts managed to
    create two identical calves（牛犊）using cloning technology. A mouse has also been
    cloned successfully.But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago
    physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement:"We will have managed to clonen
    a human being within the next two years."he told the world.
    2 Seed's announcement provoked a lot of media attention,most of it negative.In Europe,
    nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the U.S.
    the President announced:"We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many
    states in the U.S. will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year."
    3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning.They are worried that laws banning
    human cloning will threaten important research.In March,The New England
    Joumal of
    Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken.Many
    researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it,human cloning will have become
    routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science.
    4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world?The public has been
    bombarded（轰炸）with newspaper articles , television shows and films , as well as
    cartoons.Such information is often misleading,and makes people wonder what on earth
    the scientists will be doing next.
    5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cioning
    humans.It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our
    child to look like.But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds,the anti-cloners
    ask. Pretty cool , answer the pro-cloners（赞成克隆的人）.

    Within ten years scientists will probably have______.
    A:the nucleus of a cell
    B:cloned human beings
    C:a human being in two years
    D:a law to ban human cloning
    E:a report on human cloning
    F:heavy media coverage

    答案：B
    解析：

  • 第14题：

    共用题干
    Vision

    Human vision like that of other primates（灵长目）has evolved in an arboreal（丛林）environment.______(46)
    In the course of evolution,members of the primate line have acquired large eyes while the nose has shrunk.______ (47) Of mammals（哺乳动物）only humans and some primates enjoy color vision.______(48)Horses live in a single-color world.
    Light visible to human eyes,however,occupies only a very narrow band in the whole electromagnetic spectrum（光谱）.Ultraviolet rays（紫外线）are invisible to humans though ants and honeybees are sensitive to them.______(49)The world would look terribly different if human eyes were、 sensitive to infrared radiation（红外线）.Then instead of the darkness of night,we would be able to move easily in a strange shadowless world.______(50)
    But human eyes excel in other ways. They are in fact remarkably discerning in color gradation. The color sensitivity of normal human vision is rarely surpassed even by complicated technical devices.

    _________（50）
    A:Humans have no direct perception of infrared rays.
    B:In the dense complex world of a tropical forest,it is more important to see well than to develop an acute sense of smell.
    C:That gives the eye a wilder view.
    D:The red flag is black to the bull.
    E:There are different mammals in tropical forest.
    F: In this world,objects glowed with varying degrees of intensity.

    答案：F
    解析：
    第一段第一句中说到，人类的视觉和其他灵长目动物的一样，是在丛林环境中进化出来的。选项B也提到了tropical forest，说在稠密、复杂的热带丛林里，好的视觉比进化出灵敏的嗅觉更加重要。B是对前一句的解释。
    前一句说在进化过程中，灵长目动物的眼睛变大，同时鼻子变小。选项C 是large eyes和nose has shrunk的结果。
    空格的前一句说，在哺乳类动物中，只有人和一些灵长目动物能够分辫颜色，后一句说马生活在一个单色的世界里。选项D和Horses live in a single-color world并列，是另一个说明只有人和一些灵长类动物才能分辫颜色的例子。
    后一句说The world would look terribly different if human eyes were sensitive to infrared radiation(红外线），所以A是最符合逻辑的。
    前一句说（如果人类能看到红外线）we would be able to move easily in a strange shadowless world，选项F是对这个假设的世界进一步的描述。

  • 第15题：

    From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind’s future 3 and cultural growth increased. Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language. They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, 9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical 10 times for language development. Current 11 of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 13 grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15 of their first language have become firmly fixed. 16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been 17 from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that 18 with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 19 than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20 , children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child's language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones. 请在8处填上正确答案（）

    • A、potential
    • B、performance
    • C、preference
    • D、passion

    正确答案:A

  • 第16题：

    单选题
    Which of the following statements is NOT made in the passage?
    A

    Human beings are rhythmical physiologically and emotionally.

    B

    Rhythm is what differentiates humans from other animals.

    C

    Human beings seem to be born with a love for rhythm.


    正确答案： B
    解析：
    根据Physiologically, we are rhythmical…Emotionally we are rhythmical, too, for…排除A项；根据Our love for rhythm seems to be innate排除C项；B项内容文中没有提及，故B项正确。

  • 第17题：

    单选题
    Which of the following is true about habits according to the passage?
    A

    They are natural endowments to living creatures.

    B

    They are more important than instincts to all animals.

    C

    They are subject to the formative influence of the environment.

    D

    They are destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility in the evolution of human beings.


    正确答案： A
    解析：
    本题可参照文章第二段的“Habits, instead of being born ready-made ... were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment”。从中可知C项为正确答案。

  • 第18题：

    单选题
    Above all, they want to study a ______ question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?
    A

    contrary  

    B

    fundamental    

    C

    solemn

    D

    progressive


    正确答案： B
    解析：
    首先，他们要研究一个基础性问题：人类是否真正了解这个他们居住的地球？fundamental基础的。contrary相反的，相违的。solemn严肃的；庄严的。progressive不断前进的，有进展的；进步的，先进的。

  • 第19题：

    单选题
    According to Bas Lansdorp, which of the following is NOT TRUE?
    A

    For a one-way trip to Mars, all the technology exists.

    B

    He could not come up with the fund for Mars One.

    C

    We humans have the rockets to send people to Mars.

    D

    We humans have the equipment to land on Mars.


    正确答案： C
    解析：

  • 第20题：

    问答题
    Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start. 1) Actually, it isn’t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.　　On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. 2) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people—for instance to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it, how do you reply to somebody who says “I don’t like this contract”?　　The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. 3) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?　　Many deny it. 4) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake—a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.　　This view which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely “logical.” In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning—the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl—is to weigh others’ interests against one’s own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. 5) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.

    正确答案：
    (1)【答案】事实并非如此,因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的,而这种共同认识并不存在。
    【解析】本题需要注意对两个it的翻译,第一个it指的是前文的内容,并且该句开头提到actually(实际上),因此Actually, it isn’t应译为“事实并非如此”,第二个it指的是Do animals have rights?这一提问,因此应译为“这种问法”。
    (2)【答案】有些哲学家论证说,权利只存在在于社会契约中,是责任与权益相交换的一部分。
    【解析】该句中social contract指“社会契约”;as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements中的as为介词,意为“作为”,该介词短语是对rights的修饰。entitlement应得权益;授权。
    (3)【答案】这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端,它使人们认为应这样对待动物:要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅,要么完全冷漠无情。
    【解析】该句开头的it指的是前文中提到的动物权利,因此此处译为“这种说法”;at the outset一开始,当初。此处的invite不能取其平常“邀请”的意思,而应根据上下文译为“使,让”。
    (4)【答案】这类人持极端看法,认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同,对待动物无须考虑道德问题。
    【解析】that引导的从句that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect为view的同位语;in every respect在各方面。
    (5)【答案】这种反应并不错,这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用,这种本能应得到鼓励,而不应遭到嘲弄。
    【解析】该题需要注意代词that的指代,即上文中提到的看到动物痛苦时人们的反应,因此应译为“这种反应”。
    解析： 暂无解析

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