问答题Practice 1　　When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be r

Expressionism　　Expressionism is an art movement that produced a wealth of wonderful works of art, and the lives of the artists who created them were no less colorful and exciting. The word expressionism can be used to describe art from different times and places, most of them were part of a movement that took place in Germany from 1905 to 1920. They shared some of the beliefs. Those beliefs were that art should try to change society, to make it less conservative. It should express the energy of nature—following in the footsteps of Vincent van Gogh—-and personal feeling rather than simply representing nature. It should feel uncomfortable, which means it should challenge the traditional ways of looking at the world. This differed from the opinion of Henri Matisse who believed that art should be comfortable. Expressionist art should be inspired by folk art, and the art of what were then called primitive people, for example from Africa.　　The aim of the Expressionists was to express personal feeling about what they were painting rather than representing it exactly as it was. It should have strong colors and shapes, be relatively direct, untutored and unplanned and should still contain recognizable things, but not be realistic. The lines could be distorted, and the colors could be strengthened or changed as in the art movement that began in 1905 called Fauvism.　　Expressionism was more than a style in painting. It could be found in theatre and cinema, literature and architecture. It was a sharing of ideas and experiences across all these media. The life stories of the Expressionist artists show just how much they had in common. Many began by studying applied art, such as furniture design, often to please their parents. Although they later made more personal art, they continued to make use of those technical skills. Both art critics and the public received this new movement with derision and outrage. Expressionist artists were trying to shock by challenging the traditional, conservative views held by many people. Gradually, however, it became accepted and even admired.　　All the Expressionists were affected by World War I (1914-18). Some fled from Germany and spent the war years in exile. Some never returned to their homeland. Most served in the war and some were killed. At first some of them hoped a war would change society for the better but they were soon disillusioned when they saw the destruction and suffering that it caused. In the years after the war, many Expressionist artist revealed the horrors they experienced in their work.　　After World War I, Expressionism became very fashionable in Germany, where art was allowed to flourish. This freedom ended in 1933 when Hitler declared all Expressionists were degenerate. This led to them being sacked from their jobs or forced to leave Germany. In 1937 the Nazis took thousands of art works from German museums and put them in an enormous exhibition called the Degenerate Art Exhibition, to show how bad and decadent this art was. It presented a view of the world that went against their political and cultural ambitions to rid Germany of all inferior races.

Practice 7　　Task Sheet:　　A: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN...?　　Aiming to improve career prospects　　● Reading business articles　　● Learning a foreign language　　●…______　　B: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHE...?　　Deciding how to transport goods　　● Destination　　● Speed______　　●…　　C: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN...?　　Purchasing new machinery　　● Level of automation　　● Maintenance requirements　　●…

Practice 20　　Card-holders of Holiday Sunshine Hotel automatically become registered members of its Reservation(预定) Network. They are able to enjoy the services offered by its member hotels. We encourage card-holders to use the card as often as possible, and they will be awarded with prizes when their marks(积分)reach a certain amount.　　Before checking into a hotel, please always reserve your room first. When you check out, you will only have to pay the member price.

In reference to air conditioning, when air attains the maximum amount of moisture it can hold at a specific temperature, it is said to be （）.

Practice 2　　● In order to explore a foreign market, your company has decided to change its name to suit that foreign market, from LGD to LNO. You are the assistant to the Managing Director and are asked to inform all the staff of the name change.　　● Write a memo:　　● Informing them of the new name,　　● Telling them when to use the new name,　　● Stating that they should only use the new name after that time.　　● Write 30-40 words on the opposite sheet.

American artists learnt about the new movement in European art through all means EXCEPT _____.

Practice 8　　● You have ordered some new office equipment. However, some of this equipment will arrive a week later than planned.　　● Write a memo to all staff:　　● saying which equipment will be delayed　　● explaining when it will arrive　　● apologizing for the delay.　　● Write about 30-40 words on your Answer Sheet.　　Memo　　To:All Staff　　From:SuppliesManager　　Date:1 March2002　　Subject:New Equipment

When putting changes into practice, if emotions of employees draw all the attention,

Practice 5　　Expressionism was more than a style in painting. It could be found in theatre and cinema, literature and architecture. It was a sharing of ideas and experiences across all these media. The life stories of the Expressionist artists show just how much they had in common. Many began by studying applied art, such as furniture design, often to please their parents. Although they later made more personal art, they continued to make use of those technical skills. Both art critics and the public received this new movement with derision and outrage. Expressionist artists were trying to shock by challenging the traditional, conservative views held by many people. Gradually, however, it became accepted and even admired.　　All the Expressionists were affected by World War I (1914-18). Some fled from Germany and spent the war years in exile. Some never returned to their homeland. Most served in the war and some were killed. At first some of them hoped a war would change society for the better but they were soon disillusioned when they saw the destruction and suffering that it caused. In the years after the war, many Expressionist artist revealed the horrors they experienced in their work.

Practice 1　　Card-holders of Holiday Sunshine Hotel automatically become registered members of its Reservation(预定) Network. They are able to enjoy the services offered by its member hotels. We encourage card-holders to use the card as often as possible, and they will be awarded with prizes when their marks(积分)reach a certain amount.　　Before checking into a hotel, please always reserve your room first. When you check out, you will only have to pay the member price.

Practice 1　　● You work for a large company. You are going to be transferred to another department within your company.　　● Write an email to all staff:　　● telling them which department you are moving to　　● saying when you will be moving department　　● explaining what your new responsibility will be.　　● Write 40-50 words.

Practice 1　　No one knows what time itself is. We cannot see it. We cannot touch it. We cannot hear it. We know it only by the way we mark its passing. For all our success in measuring the tiniest parts of time, time remains one of the great mysteries of the universe.　　One way of thinking about time is to imagine a world without time. There could be no movement, because time and movement cannot be separated. A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes. For time and change are linked. When something changes, you know time has passed.

Practice 10　　What we today call American folk art was, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday I “folks” who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits. Citizens of prosperous, essentially middle-class republics—whether ancient Romans，seventeenth-century Dutch burghers, or nineteenth-century Americans—have always shown a marked taste for portraiture. Starting in the late eighteenth century, the United States contained an increasing number of such people, and of the artists who could meet their demands.　　The earliest American folk art portraits come, not surprisingly, from New England—especially Connecticut and Massachusetts—for this was a wealthy and populous region and the center of a strong craft tradition. Within a few decades after the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the population was pushing westward, and the portrait painters could be found at work in western New York, Ohio, Kentucky, Illinois, and Missouri. Midway through its first century as a nation, the United States' population had increased roughly five times, and eleven new states had been added to original thirteen. During these years, the demand for portraits grew and grew, eventually to be satisfied by camera.

Futurism, _____ early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.

Practice 1　　When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right, it can hardly be classed as Literature.　　This, in brief, is what the Futurist says. Over one century, the life situation in the past had been changed rapidly. And now, we live in the world which is full of noise, violence and speed.

Practice 6　　A: What is important when...?　　Keeping excellent staff　　● Attractive salary　　● Comfortable company culture　　●Opportunities to improve　　B: What is important when...?　　Selling a new product　　●Discount　　●Quality　　● Advertising

The purpose of the museum’s new programs is to show _____.

Futurism, ______ early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.

Practice 6　　Task Sheet:　　A: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN...?　　Planning a presentation　　● Audience　　● Equipment needed　　●…　　B: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN...?　　Selecting an interpreter for a meeting with foreign clients　　● Experience　　● Reliability ·　　●…　　C: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN...?　　Introducing a new product range onto the market　　● Timing　　● Advance publicity　　●…

Practice 1Expressionism　　Expressionism is an art movement that produced a wealth of wonderful works of art, and the lives of the artists who created them were no less colorful and exciting. The word “expressionism” can be used to describe art from different times and places, most of them were part of a movement that took place in Germany from 1905 to 1920. They shared some of the beliefs. Those beliefs were that art should try to change society, to make it less conservative. It should express the energy of nature—following in the footsteps of Vincent van Gogh—-and personal feeling rather than simply representing nature. It should feel “uncomfortable”, which means it should challenge the traditional ways of looking at the world. This differed from the opinion of Henri Matisse who believed that art should be “comfortable”. Expressionist art should be inspired by folk art, and the art of what were then called “primitive” people, for example from Africa.　　The aim of the Expressionists was to express personal feeling about what they were painting rather than representing it exactly as it was. It should have strong colors and shapes, be relatively direct, untutored and unplanned and should still contain recognizable things, but not be realistic. The lines could be distorted, and the colors could be strengthened or changed as in the art movement that began in 1905 called Fauvism.　　Expressionism was more than a style in painting. It could be found in theatre and cinema, literature and architecture. It was a sharing of ideas and experiences across all these media. The life stories of the Expressionist artists show just how much they had in common. Many began by studying applied art, such as furniture design, often to please their parents. Although they later made more personal art, they continued to make use of those technical skills. Both art critics and the public received this new movement with derision and outrage. Expressionist artists were trying to shock by challenging the traditional, conservative views held by many people. Gradually, however, it became accepted and even admired.　　All the Expressionists were affected by World War I (1914-18). Some fled from Germany and spent the war years in exile. Some never returned to their homeland. Most served in the war and some were killed. At first some of them hoped a war would change society for the better but they were soon disillusioned when they saw the destruction and suffering that it caused. In the years after the war, many Expressionist artist revealed the horrors they experienced in their work.　　After World War I, Expressionism became very fashionable in Germany, where art was allowed to flourish. This freedom ended in 1933 when Hitler declared all Expressionists were “degenerate”. This led to them being sacked from their jobs or forced to leave Germany. In 1937 the Nazis took thousands of art works from German museums and put them in an enormous exhibition called the Degenerate Art Exhibition, to show how bad and decadent this art was. It presented a view of the world that went against their political and cultural ambitions to rid Germany of all inferior races.