问答题请用所报考语种就所给题目写出一篇400~600字的导游解说词。要求语言规范,表达得体,内容切题,条理清楚,有一定的思想深度,符合导游语言要求,能反映京剧的历史及其在中西文化交流中的地位。  题目:京剧

题目
问答题
请用所报考语种就所给题目写出一篇400~600字的导游解说词。要求语言规范,表达得体,内容切题,条理清楚,有一定的思想深度,符合导游语言要求,能反映京剧的历史及其在中西文化交流中的地位。  题目:京剧

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  • 第1题:

    就给定资料所反映的主要问题,自拟题目写一篇文章。要求:中心明确,内容充实,论述深刻,有说服力,1200字左右。


    正确答案:

    新医疗改革方案解决民生难题
    当今中国群众“看病难、看病贵”的问题仍是众矢之的,医疗改革迫在眉睫,已刻不容缓。这不但涉及国计,更是与民生密切相关。
    根据新医疗改革方案,今年开始试点,2011年逐步推开。
    第一,基本医疗保障制度建设是新医疗改革的重中之重。由我国国情决定,我国不可能实行终生免费医疗制度,但为保证国家稳定,人民安康,必须建设覆盖城乡的群众基本医疗保障制度。提高城镇职工和居民基本医疗保险及新型农村合作医疗参保率,提高城镇居民医保和新农合的补助标准,并适当提高个人缴费标准,提高报销比例和支付限额。这就在一定程度上帮助了困难家庭“看病难、看病贵”的难题,可以让人民先就医,后付钱。
    第二,建立国家基本药物制度是新医疗改革整顿医药行业混乱体系的关键。当前我国药价虚高,同一种药品改头换面变相涨价;医药生产及流通领域混乱,利益链条互相驱使,抬高药品价格;药品卖包装,“缺斤少两”严重,变相坑害老百姓;药品经销商与医院和医生形成利益共同体,以药养医,把治病贵的负担转嫁到患者身上。以上种种弊端导致了人民不敢买药,没钱买药。新医疗改革建立科学合理的基本药物目录遴选调整管理机制和供应保障体系,将基本药物全部纳入医保药品报销目录,再配合医保制度的城乡覆盖,可使群众买到便宜药,买到放心药。
    第三,健全基层医疗卫生服务体系是新医疗改革的基本。重点加强县级医院(含中医院)、乡镇卫生院、边远地区村卫生室和困难地区城市社区卫生服务中心建设。当前,由于我国重点建设大城市大医院,而基层医院医疗设施跟不上,医务人员水平较低,以至于群众不敢去基层医院就医,但大多数大医院都要在诊断前做“大检查”,以至于就算是小病也要花费相当多的费用。所以,要想彻底解决“看病难、看病贵”的难题,基层医疗卫生服务体系的健全是最基本的一步,使人民能就近就医,经济就医。
    第四,基本公共卫生服务逐步均等化是新医疗改革建立公平和谐社会的根本。逐步在全国建立统一的居民健康档案。增加公共卫生服务项目,提高经费标准。充分发挥中医药作用。在甲流肆虐的一年中,人民已经认识到了健康防预的重要性,而促进基本公共卫生服务可以在增加人民防预意识的同时,基于其有效的物质保护。尤其是对于老年人、儿童、孕妇等保护群体,对重大疾病人群有着极其重要的意义。再者,可加大人民对于我国传统中医的重视,可有病治病,无病防病。
    第五,公立医院改革是新医疗改革中最难的“攻坚战”。过去,大多数公立医院实行“以药养医”“医药不分家”,医院靠赚药品利润给医生发放工资,医生也只开贵药、好药,这就导致医院药品价格居高不下。此次公立医院改革管理体制和运行、监管机制,提高公立医疗机构服务水平。推进公立医院补偿机制改革。加快形成多元化办医格局。但同时也要通过国家财政补贴等措施保障基层卫生人员待遇不下降。
    这次新医疗改革是一项长期的、艰巨的、复杂的改革,不是一时半刻就能显出成效的。但新医疗改革方案最终的目标就是维护国家和谐,改善人民生活水平,解决群众看病问题。在此过程中,新医疗改革对民生的改善会逐步的显现出来,我们会满怀信心的拭目以待。

  • 第2题:

    一、(四)结合背景材料所反映的问题,自选角度,自拟题目,写一篇议论文。(40分)要求:1.就你论述的问题,参考背景材料,进行恰当的阐述;2.观点明确,分析具体,条理清楚,语言流畅;3.字数在1000-1200字。


    正确答案:

    第(四)题:本题是所有申论考试的必出题目,一般来说,如果没有相反说明,这类试题的立足点都应当与所有材料相连。就本套申论材料来看,无论是食品安全、医药安全,还是网络安全、煤矿生产安全等都涉及一个词汇、一个群体——“公众”,那么全部的问题就都可以用“公共安全问题”来囊括。一旦抓住中心,就需要在提纲中围绕中心列明文章的组成架构,一般来说,这类文章的架构均可以写成:开头(引出问题)——分析原因(重点)——措施(包括已经采取的措施、尚未采取且以后应当采取的措施)——总结。
    参考答案:
        浅议公共安全
        作为关系到多数人生命健康、财产损益的公共安全问题已经日益成为比较严重的社会问题之一,也越来越进入到公众视界。媒体对公共安全事件的关注,国家制定有关公共安全的相应政策都显示出探讨公共安全问题的急迫和必要。根据目前的发展态势,公共安全问题之所以出现,主要有以下原因:
        经济利益的追逐是公共安全问题频发的主要诱因。市场经济的蓬勃发展在为人民群众带来丰富物质利益的同时,也催生出诸多利欲熏心之辈,这些人试图以极低的代价攫取巨额利益,为此罔顾他人生命财产安全,高发的煤矿事故、医疗事故、网络安全事故,令人震惊的各类黑幕、潜规则无不有利益的指挥棒在其间左右。
        政府管理过程中的缺位也是造成公共安全事件的主因之一。政府的主要职能之一是维护市场稳定,保障人民生命财产安全,保证竞争秩序的规范。而由于种种原因,政府在应对公共危机上力量不足。一方面缺乏有效的应对机制,面对危机无法及时、准确做出反应,另一方面,部分政府部门人员官商勾结,为违法违规事件大开“绿色通道”,导致公共危机的爆发与升级。也有部分政府机关片面追求经济利益,为某些不良或个人企业大开方便之门,对企业运营放弃正常监管,从而导致企业管理出现“真空”状态。
        公众对公共安全认识不到位助长了公共安全事件的发生频次。不少群众对于公共安全的认识水平还停留在比较低的层次,对破环公共安全的行为缺乏深刻认识,只要不明显危害到自身利益,往往漠然视之。这从客观上助长了不法企业与个人的违法气焰,也掩盖和隐蔽了很多“潜规则”和内幕,导致公共安全事件暗中升级,恶性膨胀。
        法制不健全为公共安全问题的发生提供了契机。我国的法制建设虽历经多年仍不完善,同时由于法律制定过程中固有的滞后性导致某些涉及公共安全的规范性文件迟迟难以出台,而社会发展的快捷所带来的各类新型问题又是现行法律所难以规范和前瞻考虑的,因此,法制建设的缺失导致防卫公共危机的最后防线出现漏洞。此外,科学技术、资金投入的约束也在很大程度上制约了有关问题的防范与解决。
        要解决具有深刻社会背景、制度背景和经济背景的公共安全问题,我们必须做到:
        (1)完善法律法规。除了对现在发生的各类违法事件进行明确规定,防患于未然以外,还必须与时俱进,制定具有一定前瞻性的法律法规,最大限度保证有法可依。
        (2)强化政府职责。将行政监管落实到位,切实发挥政府部门的社会管理职能,对于执法人员加强素质培养,增强公共危机意识。
        (3)加强对公众的教育和引导。对企业要进行诚信教育和宣传,同时对违法犯罪者要严惩不贷,做到执法必严,违法必究。对于政府机关人员更要从严要求,决不能姑息养奸。
        (4)加大科技资金投入。为公共安全的实现赋予更多硬件保障,以实现低成本、快节奏地应对公共危机的目标。
        (5)建立完善的公共危机应对体制。各单位、各人员要形成有机联动,通过制度保证在公共危机发生时能快速、准确地做出反应,最大程度降低损失。
        公共安全问题关涉千家万户、国泰民安,只有将公共危机纳入运行良好的预防处置轨道才能保证其不会成为人民健康、财产安全的“杀手”,才能保障人民安居乐业,才能为实现中华民族的伟大复兴奠定良好的国内环境。

  • 第3题:

    请你就给定材料所反映的主题写一篇1 200~1 500字的文章,自拟标题。

    要求:中心明确,分析具体,条理清楚,语言流畅。


    正确答案:
    解决大学生心理健康问题刻不容缓

    随着经济发展和社会进步,人们的生活、工作压力越来越大,心理健康问题的存在日渐普遍,在大学生这一群体中,心理健康问题尤为突出,也更值得社会关注。

    随着时代的变迁,人们的观念也在转变,越来越多的老百姓意识到“知识就是力量”,于是把希望寄托在子女身上,望子成龙成为每个家长的心愿。其中有相当一部分家长对子女期望过高,“拔苗助长”,却不知“拔苗”是有悖于青少年生理、心理成长规律的。一方面,有些家长对子女要求过高过严,在皮鞭下成长起来的大学生很容易产生心理伤痕,产生自卑、抑郁等心理问题;另一方面,有些家长对子女过度保护和溺爱,事事代劳,使得大学生在步入大学校门开始集体生活后产生性情孤僻、自以为是、人际关系紧张等问题。家长是子女的第一任教师,大学生心理问题的根源往往是在家长身上,很多家长只是关心子女的身体健康和学习成绩,却忽视了子女的心理健康问题。

    学校教育不当也是造成大学生心理健康问题的重要原因。在应试教育体制下,学校往往重视学习成绩而忽视了心理教育。大学更是给了学生很多自由发展空间,其管制相对中小学而言较少,在这种情况下,步入大学校门的部分学生往往不适应大学校园生活。学习方面、生活自理方面、人际关系方面的问题都容易给大学生造成心理困惑,需要心理教育来给学生排解困惑,正确引导学生心理健康发展。而由于学校的不重视,既没有心理教育课程也没有心理咨询机构,本可以轻松解决的大学生心理困惑很容易演变为严重的心理问题。当然,在党和国家的大力号召下,这种情况现在已经得到重视并有一定程度的改善,但不可否认的是,我们离大学心理教育的规范化、专业化还有很长的路要走。

    信息时代的到来和互联网络的飞速发展也对大学生心理健康形成了巨大冲击。网络上的不良信息和不良游戏泛滥,还处于生理、心理发育时期的大学生好奇、好胜心理强烈,加之涉世未深,容易受网络不良信息侵蚀,导致心理扭曲。如何使网络这把“双刃剑”正确为我们广大青年所用,是我们必须探讨的问题。在此,我认为,在对大学生进行宣传教育的同时,各级政府部门要加大对网络的监管力度,将网络的弊端降至最低。

    大学生是家中的期望,是父母的未来,被父母寄予厚望的大学生,往往对自己要求很高,导致学习压力过大。他们带着“天之骄子”的光环步入大学校园,在这里却变为平平庸庸的一员,焦虑、抑郁等心理障碍随之产生,严重的甚至会产生轻生的念头。尤其是很多大四学生,面临着就业的压力,更是使自己原本脆弱的心灵雪上添霜。

    大学生是未来祖国建设、社会发展的主力军,其心理问题应得到社会各界广泛关注,否则不仅会影响他们个人的生活,也会影响我国社会发展,因此,解决大学生心理健康问题刻不容缓。鉴于大学生心理健康问题是由社会、学校、家长、个人等多方面因素造成的,解决这一问题也应从多方面入手:

    首先,要在全社会普及心理健康知识,加强心理健康宣传教育,为大学生心理健康营造良好氛围。

    其次,要建立并健全教育机构的心理健康教育体系。各高校要开展心理学及相关心理健康课程,建立心理咨询机构并配备专业的心理学人员为学生提供咨询服务。此外,学校可开设心理咨询网站,定期举办针对不同心理问题的心理健康讲座,以预防大学生心理健康问题。

    再次,有关部门要加强对互联网与大众传媒的监督管理,一方面在媒体进行大学生心理健康宣传教育,另一方面努力消除互联网与大众传媒中对大学生心理产生消极影响的因素。

    最后,大学生自身要意识到心理健康的重要性,要全力配合相关部门心理教育工作,警惕自己出现心理问题。如果发现自己产生心理问题,一定要正确面对,积极解决。

    使大学生拥有健康的心理、健全的人格是全社会共同努力的目标,这关乎社会进步、祖国发展,解决大学生心理问题已刻不容缓,让我们呼吁全社会共同努力,为大学生心理发展营造一个良好的环境。

  • 第4题:

    导游讲解要做到内容准确、条理清楚、语言生动、表达流畅、方式灵活。


    正确答案:正确

  • 第5题:

    问答题
    请用所报考语种就所给题目写出一篇400~600字的导游解说词。要求语言规范,表达得体,内容切题,条理清楚,有一定的思想深度,符合导游语言要求,能反映昆区的艺术特点及其在中华传统文化中的地位。  题目:昆曲

    正确答案:
    【参考范文】
    Kunqu Opera (1)Kunqu Opera is one of the oldest operas in China, and it is also one of the treasures of Chinese traditional culture and art. In 2001, UNESCO proclaimed Kunqu Opera as a masterpiece of “the oral and intangible heritage of humanity.”
    (2)Kunqu Opera, also called Kunshanqiang, is said to be the mother of all Chinese operas. Its beginnings can be traced back to the late Yuan Dynasty in the lower Yangtze Valley. Among the earliest genres of drama, the traditional performing art was named for its birthplace, Kunshan, a place near the city of Suzhou, which is in today’s Jiangsu Province of East China. The development of Kunqu Opera went through several stages. In the early days, the songs were composed of long and short lines. The singer sang solo, and the orchestra came in at the end of each line. Only percussion instruments were used in the course. In the Ming Dynasty, Kunqu Opera was reformed by Wei Liangfu during the reign of Emperor Jiajing, and it became mild, smooth, and graceful. The performers attached great importance to clear recitation, correct singing, and pure tunes. Meanwhile, the composers wrote the musical scores after working out the tunes, and the songs were written in seven-character or ten-character lines. Moreover, three types of musical instruments formed the accompaniment, including stringed instruments, bamboo flutes, and drums and clappers. In addition, the jing and chou roles were no longer those exclusively portraying foolish, awkward, or stingy people.
    (3)Kunqu Opera is acknowledged as an elegant opera in terms of music, recitation, and the performers’ movement. It is foremost acclaimed as “watermill song” because of its soft arias and the graceful movement of its performers. Carrying forward the tradition of ancient poetry and common speech, the art is also of very high literary value. Kunqu has its own distinctive tunes. The orchestra consists of traditional instruments, including the dizi, which is a horizontal bamboo flute which plays the lead part, the xiao, which is a vertical bamboo flute, the sheng, which is a mouth organ, and the pipa, a plucked string instrument with a fretted finger board. With the long-term development of performing operas, simultaneous singing and dancing becomes a feature of Kunqu Opera, especially illustrated by body movements. Body movements in Kunqu Opera can be categorized into two types. The first type is one including exaggerated postures when speaking and dancing movements which are developed from gestures that emphasize on telling stories. The other is lyrical dancing with lyrics which is to show the quality of characters and the meaning of operas. Many Chinese local operas are greatly influenced by its tunes and acting style.
    (4)Kunqu Opera, which has been acknowledged as an elite opera, has suffered some of a decline since the eighteenth century because of its requirement of a high level of technical knowledge from the audience. Today, due to the competition from mass culture and a lack of interest amongst the young, Kunqu Opera is facing the risk of disappearance. Of the 400 arias regularly sung in opera performances in the mid-20th century, only a few dozen continue to be performed.
    【行文点评】
    (1)第一段介绍昆曲是中国最古老的戏曲之一,也是中国传统文化艺术的瑰宝之一,2001年,联合国教科文组织宣布昆曲为“人类口述和非物质遗产代表作”。
    (2)第二段介绍昆曲的发展历史,昆曲是中国戏剧之母,又称昆山腔,起源可以追溯到元代晚期长江流域下游地区,昆曲的发展经历了几个阶段。
    (3)第三段介绍昆曲的文化价值主要表现在剧本、音乐和表演三个方面。昆曲继承了古诗和俗语的传统,有很高的艺术和文学价值。昆曲有自己独特的曲调,乐队由传统乐器组成,包括笛子,萧,笙和琵琶。随着昆曲的发展,歌舞并举成为昆剧的一大特色,尤其是肢体动作,昆曲的肢体动作主要可以分为两种类型
    (4)文章最后一段昆曲正在面临消失的危险,昆曲要求观众具有高水平的鉴赏知识,并且昆曲正面临着来自大众文化的竞争,目前,只有少数曲目得以继续传唱。
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第6题:

    问答题
    你打算在下周去纽约度假。由于你还没有订酒店,于是准备写信向酒店询问房间以及费用等相关信息,以便决定是否要预定这家酒店。请用所报考的语种向酒店写信询问具体事项,要求语言规范,格式正确,字数为150~200字,内容需要覆盖以下两部分:  (1)表明自己写信的原因;  (2)说明自己希望了解关于房间和费用等信息的意愿;

    正确答案:
    【参考范文】
    June 18th, 2020
    Dear Sir,
    I am planning to go to New York for my summer holiday next week with my wife and children and I should very much like to spend some days at your hotel. Therefore, I’m writing to ask you for some relevant information.
    There will be four people in all so would you please send me some details of your terms for a suite with bath and of your terms for bed and breakfast only, in case we may wish to be out during the day. In addition, I’m going to rent a car locally, so please let me know if you offer free parking. And it would be better if you could send me a copy of your brochure so that I can know more about your hotel. As the busy season is coming, I hope you could reply by airmail as soon as possible.
    Yours,Li
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第7题:

    问答题
    请用所报考语种就所给题目写出一篇400~600字的导游解说词。要求语言规范,表达得体,内容切题,条理清楚,有一定的思想深度,符合导游语言要求,能反映长城的悠久历史和文化底蕴。  题目:长城

    正确答案:
    【参考范文】
    The Great Wall (1)The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world famous. It is like a dragon entrenched in the vast land of northern China. It is the crystallization of labor people’s blood and sweat in ancient China and also a symbol of ancient Chinese culture and the pride of the Chinese nation.
    (2)The Great Wall was continuously built from the 3rd century BC to the 17th century AD on the northern border of the country as the great military defence project of successive Chinese Empires, with a total length of more than 20,000 kilometers. In the turbulent Zhou Dynasty that consisted of Western Zhou Dynasty, Spring and Autumn Period, and Warring States Period, several contemporary powerful states were established. In order to defend themselves, they all built walls and stationed troops on their borders. In 221 BC, Emperor Qin Shi Huang unified China for the first time after defeating the other states. As the central plain was constantly assaulted by the northern Huns, Emperor Qin Shi Huang sent the great general Meng Tian to fight back. At the same time, he ordered that the sections of the Great Wall created by different states be linked together and extended. Thereafter, the Great Wall, which runs eastward from Lintao to Yalu River in Liaoning Province, flew over mountain ridges, rivers, deserts, and plains in north China like a giant dragon.
    After Emperor Qin Shi Huang’s death, the Qin Dynasty soon came to an end due to mass uprisings. Han Dynasty was then established by Emperor Gaozu, who had the previous wall renovated and reinforced. Later, Emperor Wu of Han constructed the Great Wall in a large scale. He had Yanmenguan Pass restored in 130 BC, and the Qin Dynasty Wall renovated in 127 BC. In order to protect the Hexi Corridor, he ordered the defensive line between Yongdeng County and Jiuquan in Gansu Province be built in 121 BC. After Han Dynasty, the Great Wall continued to be renovated and built in each dynasty.
    (3)Great Wall carries a considerable part of Chinese culture. It reflects collision and exchanges between agricultural civilizations and nomadic civilizations in ancient China. It provides significant physical evidence of the far-sighted political strategic thinking and mighty military and national defence forces of central empires in ancient China, and is an outstanding example of the superb military architecture, technology and art of ancient China.
    The Great Wall has long been incorporated into Chinese mythology and symbolism. The most well-known legend is about the collapse of a section of the Wall caused by Meng Jiangnu, who cried bitterly over the death of her husband after he died while building the wall. This legend has been spread widely through textbooks, folk songs and traditional operas.
    (4)Although the Great Wall has already lost its military value, it still attracts a lot of Chinese and foreign tourists with its unique charm, which makes it become the world famous tourist resort. With the development of the tourism industry, the Great Wall is the symbol of the Chinese nation and the it’s also the world’s important cultural heritage. With more high quality tourism services and more beautiful environment, the Great Wall is ready to meet the arrival of visitors!
    【行文点评】
    (1)第一段介绍了长城在中国和世界的地位,它是世界著名的奇迹之一,也是中国古代文化的象征和中华民族的骄傲。
    (2)第二段和第三段介绍了长城修筑的历史,从春秋战国时期,诸侯就开始修筑长城,之后的历朝历代,长城都会被翻新或是加长。
    (3)第四段介绍了长城反映了中国文化的一部分,它代表了中国古代农业文明和游牧文明的碰撞和交流。第五段介绍了长城一直以来都是中国神话和象征的一部分,并列举了孟姜女哭长城的例子。
    (4)文章最后一段讲述在旅游业发展的今天,长城作为中华民族的象征将会以更优质的旅游服务、更优美的旅游环境迎接着游客的到来。
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第8题:

    问答题
    请用所报考语种就所给题目写出一篇400~600字的导游解说词。要求语言规范,表达得体,内容切题,条理清楚,有一定的思想深度,符合导游语言要求,能反映中国乒乓球队伍在世界的地位以及乒乓球在中国百姓生活中的重要性。  题目:中国乒乓球运动

    正确答案:
    【参考范文】
    Table Tennis in China (1)Table tennis is called “National Sport” in China. It has been developed together with the national sports career since 1949, and it really has brought a lot of encouragements and happiness in the past 70 years.
    (2)The National Table Tennis Team was founded in 1952. It has won more than 100 world gold medals, including the first world gold medal of the PRC, the first women’s world gold medal and the first team world gold medal. The National Table Tennis Team began to join in the World Table Tennis Championships in 1953, which was the 20th World Table Tennis Championships. Rong Guotuan won the gold medal in men’s singles at the 25th World Table Tennis Championships in 1959. It was the first world gold medal won by a Chinese. Since then, the National Table Tennis Team had won more than 100 world gold medals, including 18 gold medals won by Deng Yaping and 11 by Liu Guoliang. The National Table Tennis Team had won all the gold medals at the 36th, the 43rd and the 46th World Table Tennis Championships, a miracle in the sports world for a long period. Of course, the National Table Tennis Team experienced its ebbs. But it has been a first class team in the world for more than 50 years. Some of its founders had passed away, and most of the players are old now, but the new comers are growing up and they are initiating a new period.
    (3)China has a lot of great table tennis players. Deng Yaping is one of the greatest women’s table tennis players in the world. She was born in Zhengzhou, Henan Province. She began to learn table tennis at 5 years old, and she was selected to the National Table Tennis Team in 1988. She had been world medalist for 14 times, and had kept world No. 1 in table tennis for 8 years. She is the unique one to continue to hold the title of the Olympic medalist, who won four gold medals including in women’s singles and in women’s doubles with Qiao Hong at the Olympic Games. The other miracle of the National Table Tennis Team is Liu Guoliang, who won the “Evergreen Tree” Waldner at just 16 years old and he became famous since then. Liu Guoliang was born in Xinxiang, Henan Province. He was selected to the PLA August First Men’s Table Tennis Team in 1986, and the he was selected to the National Table Tennis Team in 1991. He was the first grand slam in men’s table tennis events at World Table Tennis Championships, the World Cups and the Olympic Games in China. Liu Guoliang won all the 4 gold medals in men’s team, men’s singles, men’s doubles and mixed doubles at the 43rd and the 45th World Table Tennis Championships.
    (4)Table tennis is popular in China and has a broad foundation among Chinese people. In China, you could see table tennis and its players everywhere, from the residential areas to parks and squares. Both elder people and children can do it more or less. Maybe that’s why table tennis is called the “National Sport” in China.
    【行文点评】
    (1)第一段介绍乒乓球在中国被称为“国球”,在过去的70年里得到了很大的发展和提升,并给人们带来了许多鼓励和快乐。
    (2)第二段介绍了中国国家乒乓球队,它成立于1952年,获得过100多枚世界金牌,其中包括中华人民共和国第一枚世界金牌、第一枚世界女子金牌和世界团体第一枚金牌,创造了许多奇迹。
    (3)第三段介绍了我国杰出的乒乓球运动员,比如邓亚萍和刘国梁。
    (4)文章最后一段介绍乒乓球在中国很受欢迎,在中国人民中有着广泛的基础。
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第9题:

    单选题
    导游讲解要做到语言表达有层次感,用词得当,表达的思想内容层次分明。这是导游语言运用的(  )原则。
    A

    准确性

    B

    思想性

    C

    逻辑性

    D

    生动性


    正确答案: A
    解析:
    导游语言的逻辑性,是指导游人员的语言要符合思维的规律性。逻辑性主要体现在两个方面:①导游人员的思维要符合逻辑规律,其语言要保持连贯性。②语言表达要有层次感。

  • 第10题:

    问答题
    请用所报考语种就所给题目写出一篇400~600字的导游解说词。要求语言规范,表达得体,内容切题,条理清楚,有一定的思想深度,符合导游语言要求,能反映中国悠久的饮食文化以及不同地域的饮食特色。  题目:中国菜

    正确答案:
    【参考范文】
    Chinese food (1)Chinese food has been considered to be the biggest cultural exchange between China and other countries. It is famous for its colors, aromatic flavors and the variety of its regional cuisines and ingredients.
    (2)The development and diversity of the delights of Chinese food are also representative of China’s long history. With each dynasty new recipes were created until the art of food preparation reach its peak during the Qing Dynasty. The dinner called Man Han Quan Xi that incorporates all the very best of Man and Han Cuisine is held in high esteem involving as it does countless dishes, each with its own distinctive flavor and appeal. This veritable banquet in its preparation and presentation typifies all of the culture and culinary arts that have been perfected over centuries and is a comprehensive amalgam of taste, instruments, and manners.
    The diversity of geography, climate, costumes and products have led to the evolution of what are called the ‘Four Flavors’ and ‘Eight Cuisines’ but as catering is a living art sub-classifications continue to increase. For example in each field of cuisine, adept chefs can utilize something as simple as a melon to create dozens of dishes with dozens of flavors. Meanwhile, local specialties and snacks with their origins steeped in the mists of time are also an important progeny and indicate a profound philosophy and taste. As well as the cuisine of the majority Han people, the many minorities have their own fantastic traditions and appeal.
    (3)Chinese dishes are each unique in their own way yet all have exquisite flavors, wonderful presentations and deep cultural meanings. For example, Won Ton Soup, also called “Hun Dun” in Mandarin, is a highly welcoming dish in China. Since China is a nation of diverse ethnic groups and different cultures, each region has their own shapes for won tons. Won tons are usually boiled and served in soup, but they can also be deep-fried. The most versatile shape for won tons is a simple right triangle. Won ton’s flat profile allows it to be pan-fried like a pot sticker in addition to it being boiled or deep-fried. Many people might mix up won tons and dumplings, but they are totally different food. During the Spring Festival, Chinese families will get together and have dumpling parties. It is said that the dish was invented by Zhang Zhongjing, a famous Chinese physician in history. Dumplings have a 1,800-year-long history and this is why it is one of the most popular traditional foods in China and extremely popular in Western countries. They may be cooked by boiling, steaming, simmering, frying or baking.
    (4)Just as the ingredients of each dish and presentation is important, table manners and courtesy among diners are very much part of the Chinese cultural tradition. The facility to partake of these delights is also distinctive — chopsticks! To see even the smallest child eat with chopsticks is quite amazing for many foreigners. The use of two simple sticks in this way is an art in itself and chopsticks have determined the way in which dishes are presented at table. Only by combining excellent dishes with good manners can the high art of Chinese cuisine be truly enjoyed to the full.
    【行文点评】
    (1)第一段介绍了中国菜在中国和其他国家的文化交流间发挥了巨大的作用。
    (2)第二段介绍了中国美食发展的悠长历史,烹饪技术在清朝到达顶峰,“满汉全席”作为代表融合了所有最好的满汉美食。
    第三段介绍了随着地理、气候、服装和产品的不同,中国菜可以被分为“四大风味”和“八大菜系”,除此以外,还有极具特色的地方特产和小吃,以及少数名族美食。
    (3)第四段介绍了中国美食不仅口感上乘、外观精致,而且文化寓意深远,并列举了馄饨和饺子的例子。
    (4)文章最后一段描述了中国的餐桌礼仪,比如独一无二的进餐工具——筷子。
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第11题:

    问答题
    请用所报考语种就所给题目写出一篇400~600字的导游解说词。要求语言规范、表达得体、内容切题、条理清楚,有一定的思想深度,符合导游语言要求,能体现中国的世界遗产的历史文化价值及其遭遇破坏的现状。  题目:中国的世界遗产

    正确答案:
    【参考范文】
    World Heritage Sites in China (1)China is a country with a rich history, a brilliant civilization, and splendid landscapes.
    (2)As early as some 400,000 or 500,000 to over 1,000,000 years ago, primitive humans, including Yuanmou Man, Lantian Man, and Peking Man, lived in what is now Chinese mainland. China’s recorded history began in the 21st century B. C., with the establishment of the first Chinese dynasty, the Xia Dynasty. In 221 B. C., Shi Huang Di, the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty, ended the division of the country by the nobles in the Warring States Period and founded the Qin Dynasty, the first centralized, autocratic feudal empire of different ethnic groups in Chinese history. During the 2,000 years from the Qin Dynasty to the 20th century, China saw the feudal dynasties of the Han, the Wei, the Jin, the Three Kingdoms, the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Sui, the Tang, the Five Dynasties, the Song, the Yuan, the Ming, and the Qing. Owing to the vicissitudes in its history, beautiful scenic spots and historical sites were produced and many still remain in this land today. They include magnificent ancient architectural complexes and innumerable historical relics, which provide a solid basis for the study of China’s ancient culture and history.
    (3)Located in the eastern part of Asia on the western shore of the Pacific, China has a territory of 9.6 million square kilometers. It has diverse and wonderful natural and geographical conditions, landscapes with the varied features of north, east, south, and west, and mountains and rivers rich in fauna and flora. Such excellent geographical conditions have created many natural scenic spots.
    (4)The rich and precious cultural and natural heritages left by China’s long history are assets for both the Chinese nation and the rest of the world. In 1985, China acceded to the Word Heritage Convention. From 1987 to 2007, 35 sites in China entered the World Heritage List. Of the 35 world heritage sites in China, 25 are cultural sites, such as the Great Wall and the Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Six of the world heritage sites in China are natural sites, for example, the Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area. There are also 4 mixed cultural and natural sites: Mount Taishan, Mount Huangshan, Mount Emei-Leshan Giant Buddha, and Mount Wuyi.
    (5)Today, however, these cultural and natural heritages are threatened by the increasing damages caused by their own old age and degeneration and by the changes of social and economic conditions. This is China and the other nations are facing in the word.
    【行文点评】
    第一段介绍中国是一个有着历史悠久、资源丰富的国家。
    第二段主要介绍了中国的历史。自一百多万年前至今,中国历经了历史嬗变,朝代更迭,遗存了极为丰富的名胜古迹,恢宏的古代建筑群,浩如烟海的古文物。
    第三段介绍了中国的壮丽山河。
    第四段举例介绍了已列入《世界遗产名录》的中国文化与自然遗产。
    最后一段阐述了中国的文化和自然遗产日益遭受破坏的现状,这是中国乃至世界正在经受的一大困扰。
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第12题:

    问答题
    请用所报考语种写出一篇400~600字关于圆明园的导游解说词。要求语言规范、表达得体、内容切题、条理清楚,有一定的思想深度,符合导游语言要求。全文应包括以下主要内容:  (1)圆明园的地理位置和自然风光;  (2)圆明园的文化价值;  (3)圆明园的屈辱历史;  (4)中国政府对圆明园的修复和开发。

    正确答案:
    【参考范文】
    Yuanmingyuan (1)Located in the northern part of Haidian District in Beijing, Yuanmingyuan is composed of three comparatively independent but interconnected gardens. With an area of about 350 hectares, Yuanmingyuan was grand in scale and charming in scenery. Its green hills and splendid buildings were laid out with amazing appeal, and decorated with thriving trees and pretty flowers. About 40 percent of the garden was covered by rivers and lakes, connected into an integral system by winding streams and dotted with more than 250 hills and rock formations. The water’s constant murmur rendered life and soul to the hills and rocks.
    (2)Yuanmingyuan was not only famous for its beauty. It was also an imperial museum with a great collection of cultural treasures. The French writer Victor Hugo once commented, “With all its treasures, Notre Dame in Paris is no match for Yuanmingyuan, that enormous and magnificent museum in the East.” As one of the four most famous imperial libraries, the Wenyuan Hall in the garden originally housed great many precious ancient books such as The Complete Library of Four Branches of Books, Gems of the Complete Library of Four Branches of Books, and A Collection of Books of Ancient and Modern Times.
    (3)However, the skill and sophistication of the builders of this historic “Versailles of the East”, and the precious cultural treasures in it, failed to escape the destruction conducted by the Western powers. In 1860, the Anglo-French forces sacked and looted Yuanmingyuan and burned it to the ground. From then on, the garden continuously suffered severe damage at the hands of the warlords, bandits, and the Eight-Power Allied Forces. Its former charm and glory no more, the entire garden lay in clusters of ruins and debris. It witnessed the atrocities of the Western powers and the corruption and incompetence of the Qing rulers, and admonished the Chinese people never to forget the tragedy.
    (4)The wheels of history, however, move on inexorably. Yuanmingyuan has since been greatly changed, after the birth of the People’s Republic. The Chinese government has paid much attention to the preservation of the ruins. The district and municipal governments have placed Yuanmingyuan on a list of key cultural sites under special protection. Residential land has been requisitioned, and massive reforestation efforts have been made. Painstaking work in decades has turned half of the garden into green groves teeming with a vast number of trees. Most of the building foundations have been unearthed, and the remains of over a dozen scenic rock formations duly preserved. The existing carved marble masonry of the European Palaces has been pieced together to become a tourist attraction. Having been open to the public for a decade, however, Yuanmingyuan is still a little far from becoming a full-fledged park of historic ruins. For example, its western part is calling for development, and more funds are needed for this, as well as for many other purposes. The Administrative Office is making every effort to solve these difficulties so that they can complete the restoration of the park in the early 21st century.
    【行文点评】
    第一段介绍圆明园的位置和环境,强调其规模宏大、山水如画,是一座美丽的大公园。
    第二段介绍圆明园的文化价值,它收集了诸多文化珍品,尤其是园中的文渊阁,收藏了大量的珍贵古籍。
    第三段讲述了圆明园被西方列强野蛮摧毁的屈辱历史,告诫中国人民不忘耻辱。
    最后一段着重介绍中国政府修复和开发圆明园的一系列措施,比如植树造林,修葺大理石雕建筑群等。圆明园要成为一座成熟的历史遗迹公园仍需我们的努力。
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第13题:

    (四)结合给定资料的内容,自选角度,自拟题目,写一篇议论文。(40分)

    要求:中心明确,条理清楚,语言畅达,总字数1000字左右。


    正确答案:
    (四)参考范文
        贯彻中央精神坚持统筹发展推进新生代农民工市民化
        2010年中央一号文件中首次提出“新生代农民工”这一概念,要求采取针对性措施,着力解决新生代农民工问题,让新生代农民工市民化,彰显了中央对新生代农民工群体的高度关切。“新生代农民工”,是相对于上一代农民工而言的,主要以“80后”“90后”为主体,无论在受教育程度、消费观念还是对城市的认识上都与上一代农民工存在着显著的区别。他们不愿再回到农村,渴望融入城市生活,并且形成了一个庞大的群体。
        新生代农民工,是我国社会经济发展的必然结果,是关系我国农村经济结构变化,乃至整个社会结构变化的重大问题。当前,新生代农民工存在的问题主要体现为三大矛盾,即其融入城市生活的愿景与现行制度及城市实际的矛盾、其对工作岗位的需求与自身素质能力之间的矛盾、“无地农民工”与农村土地分配不均的矛盾。合理解决这些矛盾,促进新生代农民工群体和谐、有序地进步,是贯彻落实中央精神、维护社会稳定的题中之义,是新时期解决“三农”问题的必然要求。合理解决以上三大矛盾,还须做到“三要”。
        一要逐步打破城乡二元体制的限制,建立城乡户籍合理流动机制。根据各地实际情况,研究制定人才引进方案.不仅引进高科技人才,也要为那些技能熟练、经验丰富的高级“蓝领”留位置,使符合条件的新生代农民工融入城市生活;完善社会保障体系,将农民工纳入工伤、医疗保险体系,逐步实现新生代农民工市民化。
        二要加大对新生代农民工的教育培训工作,提高其知识水平和职业技能。一方面政府要鼓励地方职业技能培训学校的发展,提供多元化服务,使农民工群体满足现代非农行业的技能及知识需求;另一方面要充分利用报纸、电视、网络等媒体,大力宣传中央精神,营造全社会共同关注新生代农民工的良好氛围。
        三要统筹兼顾.在坚持农村土地制度的前提下,研究最新出现的“无地农民工”问题,落实他们的土地.保障其基本生活权利。首先要做好对“无地农民工”的统计工作,以便于更加科学地制定措施;其次要允许相关地区对土地分配进行不违法大原则下的试点改革,探索解决农村土地资源分配不均的方法;再次要大力发展中小城镇建设,推进城镇化进程,发挥中小城镇在转移农村剩余劳动力上的优势,多渠道实现新生代农民工市民化。
        新生代农民工问题.已经引起中央及地方的高度重视,尽管目前仍存在诸多问题,道路充满坎坷,但我们相信.只要我们牢牢把握中央精神,深入研究新生代农民工实际,一定能科学地解决新生代农民工问题,推进和谐社会的建设。

  • 第14题:

    结合给定资料的内容,自选角度,自拟题目,写一篇议论文。(40分)

    要求:中心明确,条理清楚,语言畅达”总字数1000字左右。


    正确答案:
    答案提示.
    贯彻中央精神坚持统筹发展推进新生代农民工市民化
    2010年中央一号文件中首次提出“新生代农民工”这一概念,要求采取针对性措施.着力解决新生代农民工问题,让新生代农民工市民化,彰显了中央对新生代农民工群体的高度关切。“新生代农民工”,是相对于上一代农民工而言的,主要以“80后”“90后”为主体,无论在受教育程度、消费观念还是对城市的认识土都与上一代农民工存在着显著的区别。他们不愿再回到农村,渴望融入城市生活,并且形成了一个庞大的群体。
    新生代农民工,是我国社会经济发展的必然结果,是关系我国农村经济结构变化,乃至整个社会结构变化的重大问题。当前,新生代农民工存在的问题主要体现为三大矛盾,即其融入城市生活的愿景与现行制度及城市实际的矛盾、其对工作岗位的需求与自身素质能力之间的矛盾、“无地农民工”与农村土地分配不均的矛盾。合理解决这些矛盾,促进新生代农民工群体和谐、有序地进步,是贯彻落实中央精神、维护社会稳定的题中之义,是新时期解决“三农”问题的必然要求。合理解决以上三大矛盾,还须做到“三要”。
    一要逐步打破城乡二元体制的限制,建立城乡户籍合理流动机制。根据各地实际情况,研究制定人才引进方案,不仅引进高科技人才,也要为那些技能熟练、经验丰富的高级“蓝领”预留位置,使符合条件的新生代农民工融入城市生活;完善社会保障体系,将农民工纳入工伤、医疗保险体系,逐步实现新生代农民工市民化。
    二要加大对新生代农民工的教育培训工作,提高其知识水平和职业技能。一方面政府要鼓励地方职业技能培训学校的发展,提供多元化服务,使农民工群体满足现代非农行业的技能
    及知识需求;另一方面要充分利用报纸、电视、网络等媒体,大力宣传中央精神,营造全社会共同关注新生代农民工的良好氛围。
    三要统筹兼顾,在坚持农村土地制度的前提下,研究最新出现的“无地农民工”问题,落实他们的土地,保障其基本生活权利。首先要做好对“无地农民工”的统计工作,以便于更加科学地制定措施;其次要允许相关地区对土地分配进行不违法大原则下的试点改革,探索解决农村土地资源分配不均的方法;再次要大力发展中小城镇建设,推进城镇化进程,发挥中小城镇在转移农村剩余劳动力上的优势,多渠道实现新生代农民工市民化。
    新生代农民工问题,已经引起中央及地方的高度重视,尽管目前仍存在诸多问题,道路充满坎坷,但我们相信,只要我们牢牢把握中央精神,深入研究新生代农民工实际,一定能科学地解决新生代农民工问题,推进和谐社会的建设。

  • 第15题:

    请就给定资料6、13、17所反映的主要社会问题,自拟题目,写一篇议论文。要求:

    1.论题不可脱离资料6、13、17所反映的主要问题;

    2.观点明确,联系实际,条理清楚,语言流畅;

    3.不得照搬给定的资料;

    4.总字数800-1000字。


    正确答案:
    参考例文

    让“潜规则”在完善的法治体系面前失效

    行有行规,国有国法。合理正当的规则,是保证经济社会正常运行和健康发展的必要条件。为经济和社会提供规范的运行轨道,正是制定法律和行业规则的目的所在。有一种规则对经济和社会是有害的,这就是公开宣布的法律、政策等正式规则之外的“潜规则”。

    当一个社会正式规则无法约束成员的行为,实际发生效力的是“潜规则”,主管部门的三令五申,远不及形形色色的“潜规则”实际有力,无论教师、学生、家长还是患者、家属、药品推销人员,对考试成绩和“红包”决定一切的现实,都无例外地选择了顺从,这个社会就处在了危险中。

    本为法规所不容的“潜规则”,之所以成为社会潜意识而通行无阻,首先由于法律不完善,对行业不正之风问题的界定不够明晰,使查处缺乏强有力的依据;其次由于监管不到位,使许多隐蔽很深的问题难以发现;最后,由于“潜规则”与当事人切身利益相关,使人们欲拒不能。正是在多种复杂因素的作用下,大量“潜规则”得以存在于灰色地带,对法治尊严和社会风气造成严重侵蚀,直接威胁到党和政府的执政基础。因此,破除“潜规则”,整治行业不正之风,已到了迫在眉睫的关头。

    完善的法治体系是“潜规则”的克星。抵御和破除“潜规则”,必须完善司法体系,使法律本身无隙可乘。一方面,要严密立法,对教育、医疗、商业等容易发生“潜规则”私下交易现象的领域,要充实完善《反不正当竞争法》等有关法律法规的条文,并制定专项实施细则,明确私下交易、强买强卖、损害公平等行为的法律责任和惩治措施,使此类行为查处起来有法可依;另一方面,要严格执法,对有令不行、有禁不止的违法违规行为,雷厉风行地查处,增强法律的严肃性和威慑力。

    在此基础上,要建立公平的交易体系。加快建立单位和个人诚信管理制度,使社会成员的信用状况得到如实记录并公开、透明;加强职业道德与行风建设,强化抵制不正之风的内在约束;加强对社会成员履行法律责任和承诺义务情况的监督,使每名不守规则者承担相应的代价,对于保障交易公平,降低交易成本,三者缺一不可。

    同时,要在全社会开展抵制不正之风的宣传教育,澄清公众对“潜规则”的错误认识,形成“潜规则”人人喊打的态势,使其在社会生活中没有立足之地。

    一切寒冰也无法抵御阳光。随着我国法治进程的推进,“潜规则”这一社会现象必将在法治的阳光下冰消雪化。

  • 第16题:

    问答题
    请用所报考语种就所给题目写出一篇400~600字的导游解说词。要求语言规范、表达得体、内容切题、条理清楚,有一定的思想深度,符合导游语言要求,能体现北京师范大学的历史和使命。  题目:北京师范大学

    正确答案:
    【参考范文】
    Beijing Normal University (1)One hundred years ago, the Faculty of Education of the Metropolitan University, which was the predecessor of Beijing Normal University, started to recruit students, which ushered in China’s modern training of teachers at the higher level. In the past one hundred years, the Beijing Normal University has grown and progressed along with the Chinese people’s struggle for national independence, prosperity and people’s well-being. The teachers and students of the University showed their lofty patriotism by actively taking part in various revolutionary campaigns against imperialism and feudalism including the May 4th Movement and the December 9th Movement. Beijing Normal University was also a launching pad for new ideas and new cultures during the New Culture Movement. Motivated by a strong sense of responsibility for the nation and the people, the faculty and students of Beijing Normal University have always strived to live up to the motto of “studying to teach and acting to example” and cultivated a free tradition of patriotism, progress, honesty, innovation, troth-seeking and being a paragon in virtue and learning. Beijing Normal University has long since become a well-known institution of higher learning with a strong teaching staff and prestigious academic strength and is now well on its way to becoming a world-class quality normal university.
    (2)The 21st century has been witnessing great progress of science and technology and intensified competition worldwide. The competition among nations, in the final analysis, boils down to competition of their human talents and their abilities to innovate. As the basis for nurturing human talents and increasing national innovativeness, education must be put at an important place in our overall strategy of the modernization program. Our strategy of revitalizing the country through science and education must be unswervingly carded out so that more qualified builders of socialism with Chinese characteristics, more innovative talents with high qualifies will be brought to the fore, with the view to steadily raising the moral, scientific and cultural levels of the nation as a whole. This is what the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation requires and also a historical task for education in the socialist period.
    (3)Teachers play a significant role in implementing the education policy of the Party, promoting educational innovation and nurturing high-caliber talents. Therefore, in this golden age, a large contingent of high-minded, patriotic and devoted teachers are expected to serve the society. It is hoped that our teachers can impart knowledge, guide people and act as paragons of virtue and learning. It is also expected that our teachers can remain scrupulous and diligent in their scholarly pursuit and keep progressing with the times.
    【行文点评】
    第一段介绍北京师范大学的历史。北京师范大学前身是京师大学堂。一百年来,北师大师生与国家共进退,表现了崇高的爱国主义精神,同时北师大自身不断发展,已经成为师资力量雄厚、学术声誉远播的著名学府。
    第二段阐述了教育对当今国家发展的重要性,我国需要坚持科教兴国战略,不断造就大批高素质人才,提高全民族的思想文化素质。
    第三段介绍了北师大所培养的人民教师的使命,要志存高远、爱国敬业,要为人师表、教书育人,要严谨笃学、与时俱进。
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第17题:

    问答题
    请用所报考语种写出一篇400~600字关于武当拳的导游解说词。要求语言规范、表达得体、内容切题、条理清楚,有一定的思想深度,符合导游语言要求。全文应包括以下主要内容:  (1)武当内家拳的创造;  (2)武当内家拳的流派和特点。

    正确答案:
    【参考范文】
    Wudang Inner Boxing (1)As an old saying goes, Wudang-style boxing from the south is esteemed while Shaolin-style boxing from the north is respected. Wudang inner boxing is one of the most famous boxing style in China. Dating back to about six hundred years ago, Wudang inner boxing was created in Wudang Mountain by Zhang Sanfeng, a miraculous prodigy, with Shadow Boxing as the nucleus of this martial arts system. As the legend goes, Zhang Sanfeng was born in the east of today’s Liaoning Province at the end of Song Dynasty. When he was young, he learned from and made friends with different people and peregrinated all corners of the country. Later, he dwelled in Jintai Temple in Baoji where he was inspired by Master Fire Dragon and retreated in Wudang Mountain, which is the origin of Chinese Taoism since the great philosopher and health-preserving expert Lao Tzu and his disciple, Master Yinxi, practiced Taoism there 2000 years ago. There Zhang Sanfeng cultivated himself and the cultivation was a great success. He lived in the world for more than 300 years, but nobody ever knew when and where and how he died. During his recluse, Sanfeng observed a sparrow and a snake fighting each other and was deeply amazed by the movements of the two, which he later tried to imitate. Before long, having combined the strong points of various Wushu schools, with the Taoist health-preserving contained in it, Zhang Sanfeng created inner boxing, which has then been passed on till the present day.
    (2)On the basis of recordation, the inner boxing Zhang Sanfeng created then was the style of Taichi. Later, as different schools came into being, some minor changes have been made to the styles and the characteristics. But in Wudang Mountain, they are almost the same, which focus on Taichi and Bagua boxing. Such types of inner boxing as Xingyi, Baxian, Baji and Xuangong, have been taken to Wudang Mountain by later generations. Wudang inner boxing is a miracle skill combined with Wushu and health-preserving. It features slight motion’s conquering violent motion and mildness’ conquering firmness-called “four liang vs one thousand fin” or winning only after the enemy has attacked you. Without any obvious break, the movements of inner boxing are like the floating clouds and flowing water. Inner boxing deserves the fame of the essence of Chinese martial arts and the treasure of Oriental culture, blessing people with more potential, more wisdom, more spirit, better body shape and, above all, better health and longevity.
    【行文点评】
    第一段介绍武当内家拳的创造历史,重点讲述了其创造者张三丰的传奇故事。张三丰拜师访友,修炼武术,观雀蛇斗智,终始创内家拳于武当。
    第二段介绍了武当内家拳的众多流派,其中武当山派一脉相传。之后介绍了内家拳的武术特点,其对人体益处多多。
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第18题:

    问答题
    请用所报考语种就所给题目写出一篇400~600字的导游解说词。要求语言规范,表达得体,内容切题,条理清楚,有一定的思想深度,符合导游语言要求,能反映新中国成立70年来人均寿命的增长以及人口素质的提升。  题目:中国人口结构的变化

    正确答案:
    【参考范文】
    China’s Demographic Shifts in the past 70 Yeas (1)In the past 70 years, China’s total population has increased to nearly 1.4 billion in 2018 from 540 million in 1949, which is ready to face the remarkable demographic shifts toward a healthier and more educated population.
    (2)Due to the scarcity of food and underdeveloped healthcare, in 1949, the average life expectancy of Chinese people was only 35 years. However, with full basic medical coverage and achievement of significant breakthroughs in the treatment of critical illnesses, the life span of Chinese people has risen to 77 years in 2018, which is more than doubled than the life span in 1949. Meanwhile, the infant mortality rate, which is another important marker of the overall health of a country, also represented a great progress from 200 deaths per thousand live births since the founding of New China to 6.1 deaths per thousand live births in 2018. In the last few decades, China has paid continuous efforts in the treatment of infectious diseases and great achievement has been made. Smallpox has been eliminated, and endemic diseases, such as iodine deficiency disorders, have been effectively controlled or eliminated. As minor illnesses is no longer an issue, a healthy life has increasingly become the norm of Chinese people. The Chinese government has issued a Healthy China initiative to promote people’s health. Boosted by the nationwide sports vibe, the amount of active monthly users in China’s fitness sports industry rose 1.7 percent year on year to 64.22 million by the end of May 2019.
    (3)After going through a rapid growth period from 1949 to 1970, China’s population has been steadily expanding at a slower pace since 1991. Even though China has seen a downward trend in the number of working-age people in recent years, its gross workforce remained at about 900 million in 2018. Improved education levels has brought about talent dividends, which have replaced demographic dividends as the engine boosting economic growth. Talent dividends are beginning to emerge as a solid base for economic development. Over the past 70 years, the education level of Chinese people has achieved quantitative leaps. 70 years ago, China had a 80-percent illiteracy rate and less than 20 percent of the primary school enrollment. But nowadays, nearly one in three people has a high school diploma or above. The average schooling years of working-age people rose to 10.63 years in 2018 from just over eight years in 1982.
    (4)With a healthier and more educated population, China’s vast workforce will continue to offer strong support for the country’s high-quality and fast-paced development.
    【行文点评】
    (1)第一段介绍新中国成立70年来,我国人口发展经历了巨大变迁。
    (2)第二段介绍新中国成立70年间,我国人均预期寿命增长一倍,新中国成立之初,国人平均预期寿命仅为35岁,到了2018年,我国人均预期寿命达到77岁,在婴儿死亡率,传染病控制,国民健身等其他方面,我国均有所改善提高。
    (3)第三段介绍我国正从“人口红利”转向“人才红利”,70年来,国民受教育水平实现量的飞跃,劳动年龄人口的平均受教育年限也有所提高,教育水平提升带来的人才红利逐渐成为推动经济发展的重要基础。
    (4)文章最后一段进行总结,更健康和受教育更高的人口将为我国经济高质量高速发展提供强大支持。
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第19题:

    问答题
    请用所报考语种就所给题目写出一篇400~600字的导游解说词。要求语言规范,表达得体,内容切题,条理清楚,有一定的思想深度,符合导游语言要求,能反映黄鹤楼的景色及其历史文化  题目:黄鹤楼

    正确答案:
    【参考范文】
    The Yellow Crane Tower (1)As one of the symbols of the Wuhan city, the Yellow Crane Tower is standing on the top of the Snake Hill. It is well-known as the top of the three famous towers in South China and one of the top forty national tourist destinations in China.
    (2)The Yellow Crane Tower was originally built for military purposes. In the Three Kingdoms Period, the tower was built as a watchtower in one corner of the Xiakou city to observe the enemy’s activity. After the unifying of the whole country, the tower lost its military value and gradually turned into a place for the common people to view scenes. With the development of the city, this tower was becoming a tourist attraction. In the Tang Dynasty, a large number of literati visited here, leaving abundance of famous poems which made the Yellow Crane Tower well-known to more and more people. The Yellow Crane Tower was first built in the year 223 and it was last reconstructed in 1985. During 1762 years, according to accessible literature, the tower was demolished for 12 times and rebuilt for 12 times and renovated for scores of times. Again and again, wars and fires turned the famous tower into ashes, but after each time restored by the people of Hubei.
    (3)The current tower was completed in 1985 and its design derived from a picture of Qing dynasty. It stands 51.4meters high and has 5 floors. The appearance of the tower is the same regardless of the direction it is viewed from. The tower has 60 upturned eaves layer upon layer, covered with yellow glazed tiles and supported with 72 huge pillars. The first floor has an inner height of over 12 meters. On entering the hall, people could see two pillars with couplets. Each of the upper and lower couplets is as long as 10 meters. On the wall facing the entrance is a mural painting measuring 9 by 6 meters and made of 756 enameled pieces, with the name “White Clouds and Yellow Crane”. There is a gold-plating tablet inscribed with “A Record of the Yellow Crane Tower” written by Tang Yanboli in the hall on the second floor, which records the historical view of the Yellow Crane Tower in the Tang Dynasty. What attracts most eyes in the third floor hall is a famous couplet on the pillars which depicts the imposing Yellow Crane Tower with verve and praises the feats of ancient celebrities. The fourth floor serves as an “interlude” in the tower and works of some famous contemporary calligraphers are hung on the wall of the hall. In the fifth floor, people could see the mural painting named “Boundless River Flowing to the Sky’s End”, representing the scene that Yangtze River rolls forward with unstoppable momentum.
    (4)The Yellow Crane Tower is closely associated with its surroundings, in other words, the beauty of the tower is inseparable from its natural environment. Combining the classic poetry and modern beauty, the Yellow Crane Tower reflects the Chinese traditional customs of climbing mountains and getting close to the nature.
    【行文点评】
    (1)第一段黄鹤楼是武汉市的象征之一,被誉为华南三大名塔之首。
    (2)第二段介绍黄鹤楼的历史,黄鹤楼最初是为了军事目的而建造的,由于国家的统一,黄鹤楼失去了它的军事价值,逐渐成为老百姓观赏风景的场所。
    (3)第三段介绍现在的黄鹤楼,黄鹤楼高51.4米,共5层,每一层都可以看到不同的与黄鹤楼有关的作品。
    (4)文章最后一段介绍黄鹤楼集古典诗歌与现代美于一体,体现了中国登山、亲近自然的传统习俗。
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第20题:

    问答题
    请用所报考语种写出一篇400~600字关于中国香港旅游业的导游解说词。要求语言规范、表达得体、内容切题、条理清楚,有一定的思想深度,符合导游语言要求。全文应包括以下主要内容:  (1)自二战结束以来,香港旅游业的发展历史;  (2)香港特区政府关于促进旅游业发展的策略(游客入境、旅游项目、市场)。

    正确答案:
    【参考范文】
    Tourism Industry in Hong Kong (1)Since the Second World War, the Hong Kong economy has gradually developed into one which is largely services-based. The tourism industry, in particular, has always maintained an important position in the Hong Kong economy with the foreign exchange earnings that it brings. Indeed, the industry has experienced long periods of development. For decades, Hong Kong has been a natural attraction to foreign visitors, especially as the story of Suzie Wong and Bruce Lee captured the curiosity of many who would like to have a personal experience of the charm of this city. We also had a reputation as a Shoppers’ Paradise in the 1970s and 1980s. In the period up to mid-1990s, visitor arrivals recorded double-digit growth each year for over a decade. At its peak in 1996, the industry accounted for 7.6% of Gross Domestic Product, employing around 330,000 Hong Kong people.
    (2)Then came the Asian economic crisis which reduced the level of regional travel. But right after the crisis, the numbers have started to increase. It is believed that the tourism industry will continue to play an important role in Hong Kong’s economy. However, as many developing countries begin to aware of the significant role tourism plays in promoting economic development, we can no longer take our past success for granted. We are supposed to do much more to preserve and even further our position as a leading destination in the region. The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region has adopted a three-pronged strategy to meet these challenges, namely:
    1. To provide easy access for visitors to come here;
    2. To facilitate the development of tourism products;
    3. To promote Hong Kong as an attractive tourist destination.
    (3)In terms of visitors’ entry, Hong Kong has a very liberal visa regime. Residents of over 170 countries are allowed to come here visa free for between 7 days to 6 months. We have also came up with schemes to facilitate visitors from the Mainland of China, Taiwan and Russia over the past two years.
    (4)When it comes to development of tourism products, we have embarked on a variety of initiatives in areas including eco-tourism, heritage tourism, and events tourism. The initiatives are to introduce new attractions and improve existing ones, concerning both hardware and software. Hardware like the improvements at the Ocean Park, an International Wetland Park, a new cable car system on Lantau Island, and a new Fisherman’s Wharf in Aberdeen will significantly broaden our horizons by enhancing the appeal to all kinds of visitors. Initiatives about software include the introduction of an International Events Fund which can help attract events of international standing to Hong Kong. There are also efforts to promote better service quality to complement improvements in physical attractions.
    (5)Finally on marketing, the Hong Kong Tourist Association is the marketing arm for our tourism industry. It aims to step up promotions in key destinations. The “City of Life” campaign was launched in 1997 and was designed to show to our overseas markets the vibrance and diversity this city offers.
    【行文点评】
    第一段介绍了二战以来香港旅游业的蓬勃发展。香港吸引了大量的外国游客,旅游业的发展进而促进了香港经济的腾飞。
    第二段中先是介绍了亚洲金融危机对香港旅游业的影响,香港也逐渐意识到保持乃至进一步提升旅游业发展的重要性。因此香港特区政府采取了三项策略来迎接挑战,包括游客到港方式、旅游项目、旅游市场。
    第三至五段分别详细阐述了三项策略的内容。第一、香港的签证和相关政策使得游客入境更为便捷;第二、香港开发了一系列旅游项目,尤其注重硬件和软件的升级,从而增强香港作为旅游地的吸引力。最后,香港旅游协会通过宣传展示香港的魅力和活力,提高市场竞争力。
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第21题:

    问答题
    你在纽约旅游时不小心迷路了,一位当地居民John将你送回了酒店,并在接下来的旅途中自愿担任了你的导游,回国后你决定给他邮寄一份礼物,表示对他的感谢之情。  请用所报考的语种给John写一封感谢信,要求语言规范,格式正确,行文流畅,字数为150~200字,内容需要覆盖以下三部分:  (1)感谢对方的帮助;  (2)介绍挑选的礼物;  (3)祝愿其一切顺利并邀请他来中国旅行。

    正确答案:
    【参考范文】
    Dear John,
    I have already come back to China. First of all, I’d like to express my thanks for your help when I traveled in New York. If you hadn’t given me the directions, I might have got lost at that time. Because of you, I could enjoy this trip.
    In addition, I chose a gift for you. This is a specialty of my hometown which stands for precious friendship. It not only expresses my gratitude to you, but also includes our friendship. I’m very glad to have made a friend like you for your enthusiastic attitude. And I hope you will love this gift.
    As a friend from long distance, we may not connect frequently, so I hope everything is going well, and I want you to take care of yourself and I appreciate if you can come to China, I think I will be a good guide, too!
    I’m looking forward to your reply.
    Yours,Wang
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第22题:

    问答题
    唐纳德·克里斯(Donald Kris)夫妇签约了你所在旅行社的跟团游,你需要向他们提供一份旅行条件书以供阅读签字,你需要请用所报考语种撰写该旅行条件书,并涵盖以下内容:  (1)服务开始与结束日期;  (2)服务内容(住宿、饮食、交通、观光景点等);  (3)不包括在服务里的内容;  (4)如需要进一步服务请联系你。  要求语言规范,行文流畅,格式正确,字数150~200字。

    正确答案:
    【参考范文】
    In this document, both services provided for Mr. And Mrs. Donald Kris and services not included are listed as follows:
    Services start: May 15, Sat. 2018
    Services end: May 22, Fri. 2018
    Services include:
    Hotel: 4-stars Hotel, Standard grade rooms with bath and breakfasts.
    Meals: Both lunches and dinners are included from May 15 to May 33, except the dinner on May 17.
    Railway: Tourist class reserved seats on Chinese National Railways: best available seats on private railways.
    Airline: International airline from your country to China provided by Xiamen Airline.
    Sightseeing: Ancient architectures and natural scenery in Hangzhou; city tour and hall shopping in Shanghai.
    Gratuities: To buses drivers, hotel boys, train boys, chauffeurs etc.
    Guide: The services of an English-speaking guide for sightseeing.

    Services NOT included:
    1. Meals except those listed above;
    2. Drinks, laundry, souvenirs and conveyance for individual purposes;
    3. Room service charge;
    4. Tips when not accompanied by guide;
    5. Airport tax;
    6. Fees incurred from unexpected emergencies;
    7. All other expenses of a purely personal nature.
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第23题:

    问答题
    一位外国游客David在中国旅游期间不小心丢失了一件贵重行李,你多方联系后助其找回。该游客为了表达他的谢意给你写了一封感谢信,并邮寄来一件该国传统手工提包作为礼物。  请用所报考语种给这位游客回—封信,并涵盖以下内容:  (1)告知信件和礼物已经收到;  (2)对其好意表示感谢,并展现你作为导游的责任和热情;  (3)祝愿其一切顺利;  (4)希望其有机会再来中国旅游。  回信要求语言规范,行文流畅,格式正确,字数150~200字。

    正确答案:
    【参考范文】
    Dear David,
    It’s really kind of you to send me the letter and this exquisite present. First of all, I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude for your words and gift. Your letter is rather unexpected and touching, and I appreciate this traditional handbag so much because it embodies both the traditional culture and your kindness. It was my responsibility to help you find the luggage and I was thrilled when it was back. If you have any question with anything about travelling, you can contact me for information. When deciding to travel to China, if you are seeking for travelling agency, I can help you with everything and offer coupons with a friend price. I hope everything is going well there. I would appreciate it if you can come to visit China again, I will be a good guide and friend waiting here.
    Best regards.
    Yours,Wang.
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第24题:

    问答题
    一位尊贵的外国客人在访问北京、西安后,前来上海考察观光,需要你负责接待,并在接待会上对其到来表示欢迎,同时简要介绍此次行程。  请用所报考语种撰写欢迎辞,并涵盖以下内容:  (1)对其到来表示欢迎;  (2)介绍上海这座城市的情况;  (3)简要概括此次观光行程;  (4)祝愿客人旅行愉快;  (5)祝酒。  要求语言规范,行文流畅,格式正确,字数150~200字。

    正确答案:
    【参考范文】
    Friends and Comrades,
    We are very glad that Mr. Hartwell have arrived in Shanghai, after visiting the capital city Beijing and Xi’an. Please allow me, on behalf of my colleagues and in my own name, to extend a warm welcome to you all.
    Dynamic and ever-developing, Shanghai is one of China’s three municipalities, along with Beijing and Tianjin, directly under the centra1 government control. Harboring abundant resources in several respects, it is a comprehensive industrial base and harbors China’s major’s port. In visiting some more places tomorrow, you will realize that Shanghai is marching forward in full speed. We have confidence of building a better Shanghai through self-reliance and hard struggle, and through expansion of economic and technological cooperation with foreign countries.
    I hope you’ll enjoy yourselves in Shanghai, I now propose a toast, to the health of Mr. Hartwell, to the health of the guests, and to the health of the comrades present here.
    解析: 暂无解析