单选题The Japanese,（）average, live much longer than the Europeans.A withB inC toD on

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Step Back in Time
Do you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us?One hundred years ago the average woman lived to be 45.But now,she can live until at least 80.
One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after ourselves better.We know which foods are good for us and what we have to eat to make sure our bodies get all the healthy things they need.We know why we sometimes get ill and what to do to get better again.And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily.
But in order that we don't slip back into bad habits,let's have a look at what life was 100 years ago
Families had between 15 and 20 children,although many babies didn't live long.from lots of diseases , especially rickets (佝偻病）and scurvy（坏血病）,which are bot diets.This is because many families were very poor and not able to feed their children well.
Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept standing up,bending over a piece of string,because there was no room for them to lie down.
People didn't have fridges until the 1920s.They kept fresh food cold by storing it on windowsills（窗台板）,blocks of ice,or even burying it in the garden.
Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight to earn money for their pai lived 100 years ago,you might well be selling matchsticks（火柴杆）(a job done by many children）or working with your dad by now.

On average women lived longer than men 100 years ago.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

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第三篇

Longer Lives for Wild Elephants

Most people think of zoos as safe places for animals,where struggles such as having difficulty finding
food and avoiding predators（猛兽）don't exist. Without such problems,animals in zoos should live to a ripe
（成熟的）old age.
But that may not be true for the largest land animals on Earth.Scientists have known that elephants in
zoos often suffer from poor health.Sometimes,they even become unable to have babies.
To learn more about how captivity（圈养）affects elephants, a team of international scientists compared
the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in their native lands.
Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care,documenting factors such as birth dates,illnes-
ses,weight and death.These records made it possible for the researchers to analyze 40 years of data on 800
African and Asian elephants in zoos across Europe.The scientists compared the life spans of the zoo-born fe-
male elephants with the life spans of thousands of wild female elephants in Africa and Asian elephants that
work in logging camps（伐木场）, over approximately the same time period.
The team found that female African elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16.9 years. Their wild
counterparts who died of natural causes lived an average of 56 years一more than three times as long. Female
Asian elephants followed a similar pattern. In zoos,they lived 18.9 years,while those in the logging camps
lived 41.7 years.
Scientists don't know yet why wild elephants seem to get on so much better than their zoo-raised coun-
terparts.Georgia Mason,a biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who led the study,thinks stress
and obesity（肥胖症）may be to blame. Zoo elephants don't get the same kind of exercise they would in the
wild,and most are very fat. Social lives of elephants are also much different in zoos than in the wild,where
they live in large herds and family groups.
The study raises some questions about acquiring more elephants to keep in zoos.While some threatened
and endangered species living in zoos reproduce（生殖）successfully and maintain healthy populations,that
doesn't appear to be the case with elephants.

One of the possible reasons for the zoo-raised elephants'problems is that______________.
A:they do not get proper food
B:they do too much exercise
C:they live in large herds
D:they do not live in family groups

Studies have shown that the stature of an average Japanese has surpassed that of an average Chinese.

A:weight
B:height
C:life span
D:size

There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take，( )they can limit how much water you drink.

A.much more than
B.no more than
C.no less than
D.any more than

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第一篇

Heat and Health

Extremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world.Although hot weather just
makes most people hot,it can cause medical problems and death.
Health experts say that since the year 1900,extremely hot weather has killed more
people in the United States than any other natural event.One year一the unusually hot
summer of 1980一heat caused about 1,700 deaths in the United States.In 1995,more
than 600 people died in a similar heat wave in one city一Chicago.
To measure extreme heat,government weather experts have developed the Mean Heat
Index.It measures the average of how hot it is felt all day on an extremely hot day.Experts
say it is the total heat of a hot day or several hot days that can affect health.Several hot
days are considered a heat wave.Experts say heat waves often become deadly when the
nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature.
The most common medical problem caused by hot weather is heat stress.It is also
least severe.For most people,the only result of heat stress is muscle pain.The pain is a
warning that the body is becoming too hot. Doctors say drinking water will help the pain
disappear after the body again has the right amounts of water and salt.For some people,
however,the result is much more serious.
For example,doctors say some people face a greatly increased danger from heat
stress.These people have a weak or damaged heart,high blood pressure,or other
problems of the blood system.Severe heat can help cause a heart attack or stroke.Health
experts say this is the most common cause of death linked to hot weather.

A heat wave is a period of time during which
A:the weather is much better than usual.
B:the nights are much longer than usual.
C:the weather is much hotter than usual.
D:the days are much longer than usual.

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Dangers Await Babies With Altitude

Women who live in the world's highest communities tend to give birth to underweight babies,a new
study suggests.These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.
Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average.But it wasn't
clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are
under-nourished一many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower
down.
To find out more,Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births
in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998.The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities:La Paz and
Santa Cruz.La Paz is the highest city in the world,at 3.65 kilometers above sea level,while Santa Cruz is
much lower,at 0.44 kilometers.
Sure enough,Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than
in Santa Cruz.This was true in both high and low-income families.Even babies born to poor families in
Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz."We were very
surprised by this result,"says Giussani.
The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth."This may
trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child," says Giussani.
His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their
bodies.This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in
preference to the rest of the body.
Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La
Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood,for example.Low birth weight is a risk factor for coronary
heart disease.And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood
pressure and strokes in later life.

High-altitude babies have longer but thinner limbs than average.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

The point of regular exercise is to make your heart stronger,it( ) more blood than the average person，and it beats more slowly and thus lives longer .

A. bumps
B. pumps
C. increases
D. Produces

（ ）She can speak Japanese better than________else.

A.the one
B.no one
C.anyone
D.another