单选题According to local tradition, Sultan Abu ibn al-Hasan founded the East African trading state of Kilwa in the mid-tenth century. Professor Ascalon, however, argues that Sultan al-Hasan did not rule in Kilwa until at least a century later.　 Which of the

According to the passage, some states choose to provide tax breaks because they want to.

Not until the ______ of Yellowstone Park in the late nineteenth century did the United States have a national park.

When did the modern concept of “literature” emerge?

Practice 9　　Generally, however, modern examinations are, written. (1) The written examination, where all students are tested on the same question, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. (2) A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, resembles a group of workers at an automobile factory. Generally, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines.

That trading company in Tokyo did consider（）the transaction with you.

The author most probably mentions the reactions of northern White writers to non-Europeanized “sorrow songs” in order to _____.

Which is the first classification society founded in the world（）

When was paper first created?

When did two Frenchmen rise above Paris?

In which area does the local government encourage telecommuting programs according to the passage?

Not until 1980 did Jiao Tong University which belongs to the Education Commission begin to _____ a degree in English.

According to the passage, which of the following would be the most accurate description of the society envisioned by most Saint-Simonians?

Practice 3　　Tea, that most quintessential of English drinks, is a relative latecomer to British shores. Although the custom of drinking tea dates back to the third millennium BC in China, it was not until the mid-17th century that the beverage first appeared in England.　　The use of tea spread slowly from its Asian homeland, reaching Europe by way of Venice around 1560, although Portuguese trading ships may have made contact with the Chinese as early as 1515.　　It was the Portuguese and Dutch traders who first imported tea to Europe, with regular shipments by 1610. England was a latecomer to the tea trade, as the East India Company did not capitalize on tea’s popularity until the mid-18th century.　　Coffee Houses Curiously, it was the London coffee houses that were responsible for introducing tea to England. One of the first coffee house merchants to offer tea was Thomas Garway, who owned an establishment in Exchange Alley. He sold both liquid and dry tea to the public as early as 1657. Three years later he issued a broadsheet advertising tea at ￡6 and ￡10 per pound (ouch!), touting its virtues at “making the body active and lusty”, and “preserving perfect health until extreme old age”.　　Tea gained popularity quickly in the coffee houses, and by 1700 over 500 coffee houses sold it. This distressed the tavern owners, as tea cut their sales of ale and gin, and it was bad news for the government, who depended upon a steady stream of revenue from taxes on liquor sales. By1750 tea had become the favored drink of Britain’s lower classes.　　Taxation on Tea Charles II did his bit to counter the growth of tea, with several acts forbidding its sale in private houses. This measure was designed to counter sedition, but it was so unpopular that it was impossible to enforce it. A 1676 act taxed tea and required coffee house operators to apply for a license.　　This was just the start of government attempts to control, or at least, to profit from the popularity of tea in Britain. By the mJd-18th century the duty on tea had reached an absurd119%. This heavy taxation had the effect of creating a whole new industry-tea smuggling.　　Smuggling Tea Ships from Holland and Scandinavia brought tea to the British coast, then stood offshore while smugglers met them and unloaded the precious cargo in small vessels. The smugglers, often local fishermen, snuck the tea inland through underground passages and hidden paths to special hiding places. One of the best hiding places was in the local parish church!　　Even smuggled tea was expensive, however, and therefore extremely profitable, so many smugglers began to adulterate the tea with other substances, such as willow, licorice, and sloe leaves. Used tea leaves were also retried and added to fresh leaves.

When does the speaker say that another significant change in instrument design took place?