单选题Since 1960, the fast-growing town of Hotstone, Arizona, has drawn water from the Gray River, which feeds Lake Mudfish. If the town’s water use continues to grow at its present rate, in about 20 years the water level of Lake Mudfish will inevitably decr

题目
单选题
Since 1960, the fast-growing town of Hotstone, Arizona, has drawn water from the Gray River, which feeds Lake Mudfish. If the town’s water use continues to grow at its present rate, in about 20 years the water level of Lake Mudfish will inevitably decrease to the point that it can no longer support its biologically fragile population of fish.  The prediction above is based on which of the following assumptions?
A

As the town’s water requirements grow, it will not be able to meet those requirements by drawing on water sources other than the Gray River.

B

Since 1960, the lake’s population of fish has become more biologically fragile.

C

The amount of water that the lake loses to evaporation each year will increase over the next two decades.

D

There are multiple sources of water besides the Gray River that feed into Lake Mudfish.

E

The town of Hotstone will be able to reverse its trend of increasing water use if it implements an aggressive water conservation program.


相似考题

1.EThe need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world’s supply of water. With 97% of the world’s water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage(短缺)seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfull country, many of the world’s agricultural industries experience constant water shortages.Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seaons, the costs of water redistribution(重新分配)are very high. Notonly is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. Where valleys(山谷)are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water many flow easily through pipes to fields,but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.This is particularly troubling ro countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation(灌溉). In Texas, farmers’ overuse of irrigation water be resulted in a 25% redcution of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of south eastern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry vallege, but much of the water use has been poorly managed.Saudi Arabia’s attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have been the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.72. From the first two paragraphs we learnt that _______.A.much of the world’s water is available for useB.people in high rainfll countries feel luckyC.the costs of water redistribution should be consideredD.water can be easily carried through pipes across the world

2.Passage FiveFrom the beginning rivers have played an important part in the life of man. Man of the earliest times used the rivers as a means of traveling. Today rivers still serve as a great waterway for the transport and people.In ancient times, man settled near rivers or on river banks and built up large empires.Water is the Nature's most precious gift to man. Man needs water to irrigate his crops, to cook and to wash. In nations all over the world rivers mean life and wealth. They feed and clothe the nations around them.Water is also a source of energy and power. Man constructs huge dams across the river to control the water for irrigation and get the energy needed to drive generators. The electrical power is then directed to homes, cities, factories and television stations.Man uses water each day. His main source of water comes from reservoirs, which in turn get their water from the rivers.Rivers also bring down soil and minerals from the mountains and deposit them on the plains building up rich river deltas for raising plants and crops. Fresh water life in rivers or in lakes fed by them provide man with food.In a small way rivers help to keep man in good health and provide for his amusements. Various forms of water sports keep man strong and healthy.Rivers have run on this earth long before man. Man's future ability to live is uncertain, but rivers will flow on forever.52. Rivers have been important to man______.A. since the last centuryB. for a very long timeC. since a few hundred years agoD. since a few years ago

更多“单选题Since 1960, the fast-growing town of Hotstone, Arizona, has drawn water from the Gray River, which feeds Lake Mudfish. If the town’s water use continues to grow at its present rate, in about 20 years the water level of Lake Mudfish will inevitably decr”相关问题
  • 第1题:

    Passage Five

    The Northern Pike is a very bad fish. It is a big, hungry fish, and swallows little fish such as trout and perch. Many Northern Pikes live in Lake Davis. They are killing all the smaller fish in the lake. The Northern Pike are a serious threat to the lake because they eat all the smaller fish. Soon, all other species of fish in the lake will be killed off. This is not healthy for the environment.

    Experts are afraid that the Northern Pike will swim out of Lake Davis through many smaller rivers that feed into the lake. They could spread all over the country and damage many other water environments. If that happens, it would be too late to stop the Northern Pike.

    For ten years, officials have been trying to remove the Northern Pike from Lake Davis. They haw. tried using nets, explosives and poisons. However, the Northern Pike population is still doing well in Lake Davis. Many people do not like the idea of using poison to kill the fish. They worry that the poi- sons are bad for humans who use the water. No trace of the poisons has ever been found in local wells, however.

    Scientists are going to try the poison again. This time, they will drain the lake before they add the poison to the water. A public hearing will be held to talk about the problem.

    52. Why are some people against the use of poisons to kill Northern Pike?

    A. Fishermen will be poisoned too.

    B. The poisons are expensive.

    C. They think that wells will be polluted.

    D. The lake will become unsafe.


    正确答案:C
    52.第三段。人们担心湖水里放毒药会殃及人的用水。选项 C是正确的。

  • 第2题:

    共用题干
    Water

    From the beginning,water has furnished man with a source of food and a highway to travel upon.The first civilization arose(51)________water was a dominant element in the environment,a challenge(52)______man's ingenuity.The Egyptians invented the 365一day calendar in response to the Nile's annual flooding. The Babylonians,(53)________were among the most famous lawmakers in ancient times,invented laws(54)_________ water usage.Water inspired the Chinese to build a 1,000-(55)________canal,a complex system which,after nearly 2,500 years,remains still practically(56)_______ and still commands the astonishment of engineers.But (57)_________never found complete solutions to their water problems.The Yellow River is also known as "China's Sorrow" ;it is so unpredictable and dangerous(58)_________in a single flood it has caused a million(59)________.Floods slowed the great(60)_________of the Indus River Valley,and inadequate drainage ruined (61)________of its land. Today water dominates man (62)_______it always has done.Its presence continues to(63)________the location of his homes and cities;its violent variability can(64)________man or his herds or his crops;its routes links him(65)________his fellows;its immense value may add to already dangerous political conflicts.There are many examples of this in our own time.

    _________(58)
    A:that
    B:/
    C:because
    D: which

    答案:A
    解析:
    本句意思是:最初的人类文明出现于那些水在周围环境中起着重要作用的地方。因此选择A项。
    本句意思是:这是水对人类独创性的挑战。根据含义仅有C项符合题意,to意思是“对于”,表示方向。
    需要填入关联词引导非限制性定语从句,由于先行词在句中做主语,因此选择D项。
    本句意思是:(巴比伦人)发明了管水的法律。本句句子主谓语完整,需要分词修饰law,由于law与water usage是施动关系,因此需要动词-ing形式,选择D项。
    本句意思是:中国人从水上获得灵感,修建了千里大运河。空格部分与前面的数字以连字符连接,因此只能选择单数形式共同构成修饰成分修饰名词canal,因此选择 D项。
    本句意思是:(运河)在将近2 500年后的今天仍在使用而且依旧使工程师们惊叹不已。短语in use意思是“在使用中”;for use意思是“供使用”;by use不是固定搭配; on use需要和介词of搭配构成短语,意思是“利用”,因此选项A最符合题意。
    本句意思是:但是古代人从没有发现过一个能彻底解决水患的办法。 ancient既是形容词“古老的”,也是名词“古人”,做形容词时不能加5,作名词时是可数名词,可以加5。此处需要名词或名词短语做主语,而这里ancient概指所有古人,所以应该是复数,并加定冠词the表示特指。因此选择B项。
    本句意思是:它是那样的不可预料和危险,以至于一场水灾就可能使100 万人丧生。
    people意思是“人们”,death意思是“死亡”,damage意思是“破坏”。ruin 意思是“破坏”。根据含义选择B项。
    本句意思是:水使伟大的印度河谷文明停滞。 influence意思是“影响”, effect意思是“作用”,society意思是“社会”,civilization意思是“文化”,只有。项符合题意。
    本句意思是:排水设施的不足毁坏了它的大部分土地。land是不可数名词,而且没有lot of或者a lots of的搭配,因此只能选择C项。
    本句意思是:今天,水一如既往地控制着人类。for意思是“为了”,as意思是“像······一样”,because意思是“因为”,whereas意思是“然而”,因此只能选择B项。
    本句意思是:水的存在决定着人们安家建城的位置。govern意思是“支配,决定”,control意思是“控制”,lead意思是“领导”,influence意思是“影响”,因此选项A最合适。
    本句意思是:水剧烈的可变性可以杀死人类或是人类的牲畜、庄稼。 cause意思是“导致”,violate意思是“侵犯、干扰”,kill意思是“杀死”,damage意思是“破坏”。选项C最符合题意。
    本句意思是:它的航线把人们联系起来。根据本句的含义,仅有选项D符合题意。

  • 第3题:

    共用题干
    The Exploding Lakes of Cameroon
    What comes to mind when you think of a lake?You probably imagine a pretty scene with blue water, birds,and fish.For the people in the northwestern Cameroon,however,the image is very different.For them, lakes may mean terrible disasters.In 1984,poisonous gases exploded out of Lake Monoun and came down into the nearby villages,killing thirty-seven people.Two years later,Lake Nyos erupted.A cloud of gases rolled down the hills and into the valleys and killed 1,700 people.
    Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are crater(火山口)lakes.They were formed when water collected in the craters of old volcanoes.The volcanoes under Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are not active anymore.However, poisonous gases from the center of the earth continue to flow up through cracks in the bottom of the lake.This is normal in a crater lake.In most crater lakes,these gases are released often because the water"turns over" regularly.That is,the water from the bottom of the lake rises and mixes with the water at the top,allowing the gases to escape slowly.
    However,in Lakes Nyos and Monoun,there is no regular turning over.No one knows the reason for this fact,but as a result,these lakes have more gases trapped at the bottom than other crater lakes.In fact, scientists who have studied Lakes Nyos and Monoun have found 16,000 times more gases.When a strong wind,cool weather,a storm,or a landslide(滑坡)causes the water to turn over suddenly,the gases escape in a violent explosion.
    In the past,no one knew when the gases might explode,so there was no way for the villagers to escape disaster.Now scientists from the United States,France,and Cameroon have found a way to reduce the gas pressure at the bottom of Lake Nyos.They stood a 672-foot plastic pipe in the middle of the lake,with one end of the pipe near the bottom and the other end in the air.Near the top of the pipe,the team put several holes that could be opened or closed by a computer.Now,when the gas pressure gets too high,the holes are opened and some of the gas-filled water shoots up through the pipe into the air like a fountain.With less pressure,a disastrous explosion is much less likely.However,the scientists are not sure that one pipe will be enough to prevent explosions.They hope to put in others soon and they plan to install a similar pipe and a computer system at Lake Monoun as well.
    To protect people nearby until all of the pipes are in place,the scientists have installed early warning systems at both lakes.If the gas pressure rises to a dangerous level,computers will set off loud sirens(警 报)and bright lights to warn the people in the villages.In that way,they will have time to escape from the dangerous gases.

    Which of the following statements about Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun is true?
    A:They were formed in 1984.
    B:They are at the top of two active volcanoes.
    C:They are not like most other crater lakes.
    D:Water in them turns over regularly.

    答案:C
    解析:
    第一段第五、六、七句提到,Monoun湖在1984年喷发出了有毒气体,两年后,Nyos湖喷发时也出现类似情况,因此选择B项。
    根据第二段倒数第二句可知,大多数火山口湖中的湖水会翻转,使有毒气体得以释放,而第三段第一句又表示,Nyos和Monoun中的湖水不会翻转。由此可知,Nyos和Monoun与其他的火山口湖不同。
    根据第三段第二句可知,虽然没人知道原因,但是与其他火山口湖相比,Nyos和Monoun的湖底释放出了更多的气体。
    根据第四段第三句“They stood a 672-foot plastic pipe in the middle of the lake , with oneend of the pipe near the bottom and the other end in the air.”可知,该科学家团队在湖里立了一根管子,管子的一端在湖底,另一端在空中。这样做是在利用连通器的原理来减小湖底压强,因此A项正确。
    前文表明,湖里竖起若干根减小湖底压强的管子后,就不会再有毒气喷发的危险。最后一段又说在这些管子都到位前科学家在这两个湖附近安装了早期预警系统,以便人们有时间逃离这些有毒气体.由此可知,这种有毒气体喷发的灾难在未来可以避免。

  • 第4题:

    共用题干
    第三篇

    The Exploding Lakes of Cameroon

    What comes to mind when you think of a lake?You probably imagine a pretty scene
    with blue water,birds,and fish.For the people in the northwestern Cameroon,however,
    the image is very different.For them,lakes may mean terrible disasters.In 1984,
    poisonous gases exploded out of Lake Monoun and came down into the nearby villages,
    killing thirty-seven people.Two years later,Lake Nyos erupted.A cloud of gases rolled
    down the hills and into the valleys and killed 1,700 people.
    Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are crater(火山口)lakes. They were formed when
    water collected in the craters of old volcanoes.The volcanoes under Lake Nyos and Lake
    Monoun are not active anymore.However,poisonous gases from the center of the earth
    continue to flow up through cracks in the bottom of the lake.This is normal in a crater lake.
    In most crater lakes,these gases are released often because the water"turns over"
    regularly.That is,the water from the bottom of the lake rises and mixes with the water at
    the top,allowing the gases to escape slowly.
    However,in Lakes Nyos and Monoun,there is no regular turning over.No one knows
    the reason for this fact,but as a result,these lakes have more gases trapped at the bottom
    than other crater lakes.In fact,scientists who have studied Lakes Nyos and Monoun have
    found 16,000 times more gases.When a strong wind,cool weather,a storm,or a
    landslide(滑坡)causes the water to turn over suddenly,the gases escape in a violent
    explosion.
    In the past,no one knew when the gases might explode,so there was no way for the
    villagers to escape disaster. Now scientists from the United States,France,and
    Cameroon have found a way to reduce the gas pressure at the bottom of Lake Nyos.They
    stood a 672-foot plastic pipe in the middle of the lake,with one end of the pipe near the
    bottom and the other end in the air. Near the top of the pipe,the team put several holes
    that could be opened or closed by a computer.Now,when the gas pressure gets too high,
    the holes are opened and some of the gas-filled water shoots up through the pipe into the air
    like a fountain.With less pressure,a disastrous explosion is much less likely.However,
    the scientists are not sure that one pipe will be enough to prevent explosions.They hope to
    put in others soon and they plan to install a similar pipe and a computer system at Lake
    Monoun as well.
    To protect people nearby until all of the pipes are in place,the scientists have installed
    early warning systems at both lakes.If the gas pressure rises to a dangerous level,
    computers will set off loud sirens(警报)and bright lights to warn the people in the villages.
    That way,they will have time to escape from the dangerous gases.

    Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun explode because
    A:the gases rise to the top and mix with air.
    B:people from the villages turn over the water.
    C:scientists have put in a computer system.
    D:they have more gases trapped at the bottom than other crater lakes.

    答案:D
    解析:

  • 第5题:

    共用题干
    第一篇

    Water Resources on the Earth

    The second most important constituent(构成成分)of the biosphere(生物圈)is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures,since water freezes at 0℃and boils a 100℃.Life as we know it would only be possible on the surface of a planet which had temperature: somewhere within this narrow range.
    The earth's supply of water probably remains fairly constant in quantity.The total quantity of water is not known very accurately,but it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to a depth of about two and three-quarter kilometers.Most of it is in the form of the salt water of the oceans一about 97 percent. The rest is fresh.But three-quarters of this is in the form of ice at the poles and or mountains and cannot be used by living systems until melted.Of the remaining fraction,which h somewhat less than one percent of the whole.There is 10—20 times as much stored underground water as there is actually on the surface.There is also a tiny,but extremely important fraction of the water supply which is present as water vapour in the atmosphere.
    Water vapour in the atmosphere is the channel through which the whole water circulation(循环) of the biosphere has to pass.Water evaporated(蒸发)from the surface of the oceans,from lakes and rivers and from moist(潮湿的)earth is added to it. From it the water comes out again as rain or snow,falling on either the sea or the land. There is,as might be expected, a more intensive evaporation per unit area over the sea and oceans than over the land,but there is more rainfall over the land than over the oceans and the balance is restored by the run off from the land in the form of rivers.

    The word"fraction"in the second paragraph means________.
    A:a large area
    B:a very small amount
    C:an important system
    D:a major source of information

    答案:B
    解析:
    文章第一段的第二句讲到液态水“only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures",虽然B(我们星球的表面)也有点道理,但是液态水对温度的要求很高,并非地球的所有表面都有液态水存在,所以答案D正确。
    第二段第一句提到地球上水的供给“remains fairly constant in quantity",数量上是恒定的,它就没有增加也不会减少,只不过会以不同的形态出现,所以选择B(保持不变)。
    问题是“地球上绝大部分淡水以什么形式出现?”第二段中间提到淡水时,说到“three-quarters of this is in the form of ice at the poles and on mountains",即3/4的淡水以冰的形式存在于两极和高山中,后面提到剩余部分的淡水存在于地下,但占比少于1%,所以选项A正确。
    词义辫析题, fraction有“小部分”的意思,考虑到前面提到地球97%的水以海洋咸水的形式存在,剩下的3%则以冰的形式存在于两极和高山,余下的自然不多,所以选B。
    第三段的最后一句说到“there is more rainfall over the land than over the oceans”,陆地的降雨比海洋要多,但没有提到河流和山脉的降雨比较,所以C正确。大气中的水蒸气是整个生物圈的水循环必经的途径。水从海洋的表面、湖泊、河流和潮湿的泥土中蒸发出来并补充到大气中。水以雨或雪的形式再次出现,降落在海洋或陆地上。可以预料到的是,海洋上空每单位面积的水蒸气比在陆地上空更为密集,但是,陆地比海洋有更多的降雨,水在陆地上以河流的形式流出以保持水资源的平衡。

  • 第6题:

    共用题干
    第一篇

    Water Resources on the Earth

    The second most important constituent(构成成分)of the biosphere(生物圈)is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures,since water freezes at 0℃and boils a 100℃.Life as we know it would only be possible on the surface of a planet which had temperature: somewhere within this narrow range.
    The earth's supply of water probably remains fairly constant in quantity.The total quantity of water is not known very accurately,but it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to a depth of about two and three-quarter kilometers.Most of it is in the form of the salt water of the oceans一about 97 percent. The rest is fresh.But three-quarters of this is in the form of ice at the poles and or mountains and cannot be used by living systems until melted.Of the remaining fraction,which h somewhat less than one percent of the whole.There is 10—20 times as much stored underground water as there is actually on the surface.There is also a tiny,but extremely important fraction of the water supply which is present as water vapour in the atmosphere.
    Water vapour in the atmosphere is the channel through which the whole water circulation(循环) of the biosphere has to pass.Water evaporated(蒸发)from the surface of the oceans,from lakes and rivers and from moist(潮湿的)earth is added to it. From it the water comes out again as rain or snow,falling on either the sea or the land. There is,as might be expected, a more intensive evaporation per unit area over the sea and oceans than over the land,but there is more rainfall over the land than over the oceans and the balance is restored by the run off from the land in the form of rivers.

    Liquid water only exists________.
    A: in the center of the earth
    B:on the surface of our planet
    C:in the coastal areas of the earth
    D:in a very narrow range of temperatures

    答案:D
    解析:
    文章第一段的第二句讲到液态水“only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures",虽然B(我们星球的表面)也有点道理,但是液态水对温度的要求很高,并非地球的所有表面都有液态水存在,所以答案D正确。
    第二段第一句提到地球上水的供给“remains fairly constant in quantity",数量上是恒定的,它就没有增加也不会减少,只不过会以不同的形态出现,所以选择B(保持不变)。
    问题是“地球上绝大部分淡水以什么形式出现?”第二段中间提到淡水时,说到“three-quarters of this is in the form of ice at the poles and on mountains",即3/4的淡水以冰的形式存在于两极和高山中,后面提到剩余部分的淡水存在于地下,但占比少于1%,所以选项A正确。
    词义辫析题, fraction有“小部分”的意思,考虑到前面提到地球97%的水以海洋咸水的形式存在,剩下的3%则以冰的形式存在于两极和高山,余下的自然不多,所以选B。
    第三段的最后一句说到“there is more rainfall over the land than over the oceans”,陆地的降雨比海洋要多,但没有提到河流和山脉的降雨比较,所以C正确。大气中的水蒸气是整个生物圈的水循环必经的途径。水从海洋的表面、湖泊、河流和潮湿的泥土中蒸发出来并补充到大气中。水以雨或雪的形式再次出现,降落在海洋或陆地上。可以预料到的是,海洋上空每单位面积的水蒸气比在陆地上空更为密集,但是,陆地比海洋有更多的降雨,水在陆地上以河流的形式流出以保持水资源的平衡。

  • 第7题:

    共用题干
    第一篇

    Water Resources on the Earth

    The second most important constituent(构成成分)of the biosphere(生物圈)is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures,since water freezes at 0℃and boils a 100℃.Life as we know it would only be possible on the surface of a planet which had temperature: somewhere within this narrow range.
    The earth's supply of water probably remains fairly constant in quantity.The total quantity of water is not known very accurately,but it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to a depth of about two and three-quarter kilometers.Most of it is in the form of the salt water of the oceans一about 97 percent. The rest is fresh.But three-quarters of this is in the form of ice at the poles and or mountains and cannot be used by living systems until melted.Of the remaining fraction,which h somewhat less than one percent of the whole.There is 10—20 times as much stored underground water as there is actually on the surface.There is also a tiny,but extremely important fraction of the water supply which is present as water vapour in the atmosphere.
    Water vapour in the atmosphere is the channel through which the whole water circulation(循环) of the biosphere has to pass.Water evaporated(蒸发)from the surface of the oceans,from lakes and rivers and from moist(潮湿的)earth is added to it. From it the water comes out again as rain or snow,falling on either the sea or the land. There is,as might be expected, a more intensive evaporation per unit area over the sea and oceans than over the land,but there is more rainfall over the land than over the oceans and the balance is restored by the run off from the land in the form of rivers.

    The total quantity of water on Earth________.
    A:has greatly increased in recent years
    B:remains almost unchanged
    C:is decreasing constantly
    D:is affected by global warming

    答案:B
    解析:
    文章第一段的第二句讲到液态水“only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures",虽然B(我们星球的表面)也有点道理,但是液态水对温度的要求很高,并非地球的所有表面都有液态水存在,所以答案D正确。
    第二段第一句提到地球上水的供给“remains fairly constant in quantity",数量上是恒定的,它就没有增加也不会减少,只不过会以不同的形态出现,所以选择B(保持不变)。
    问题是“地球上绝大部分淡水以什么形式出现?”第二段中间提到淡水时,说到“three-quarters of this is in the form of ice at the poles and on mountains",即3/4的淡水以冰的形式存在于两极和高山中,后面提到剩余部分的淡水存在于地下,但占比少于1%,所以选项A正确。
    词义辫析题, fraction有“小部分”的意思,考虑到前面提到地球97%的水以海洋咸水的形式存在,剩下的3%则以冰的形式存在于两极和高山,余下的自然不多,所以选B。
    第三段的最后一句说到“there is more rainfall over the land than over the oceans”,陆地的降雨比海洋要多,但没有提到河流和山脉的降雨比较,所以C正确。大气中的水蒸气是整个生物圈的水循环必经的途径。水从海洋的表面、湖泊、河流和潮湿的泥土中蒸发出来并补充到大气中。水以雨或雪的形式再次出现,降落在海洋或陆地上。可以预料到的是,海洋上空每单位面积的水蒸气比在陆地上空更为密集,但是,陆地比海洋有更多的降雨,水在陆地上以河流的形式流出以保持水资源的平衡。

  • 第8题:

    The largest lake in Britain is( ).

    A.the Lake Neagh
    B.Windermere Water
    C.Coniston Water
    D.the Lake District

    答案:A
    解析:
    英国地理。题目问英国最大的湖泊是什么湖,答案是Lake Neagh(内伊湖)。英格兰西北部的湖区(the Lake District)是英国著名的旅游景点,也是著名的湖畔诗人华兹华斯(William Wordsworth)的家乡。

  • 第9题:

    单选题
    请阅读 Passage 1,完成第 21~25小题。Passage 1These days,many large city buildings are equipped with their own air-conditioning systems.These systems help keep the buildings cool,but they can also damage the environment.Since they use a lot of electricity,for instance,they contribute indirectly to global warming.In addition,the water that flows through the systems is often cooled using chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons,or CFCs,that are believed to damage the Earth's ozone layer.Recently,though,a system has been built in the city of Toronto,Canada,that cools buildings with little damage to the environment. In the traditional air-conditioning systems found in most large buildings,water is pumped through the building in a continuous cycle.The water is first cooled to a temperature of 4℃ in machines called chillers.It is then sent to individual units that cool the air in each room.As the water flows through the building,it gradually becomes warmer.Finally,it reaches the roof ,where it is left to cool down naturally in a water tower.After that it is returned to the chillers,where the cycle begins again.Toronto lies on the shore of Lake Ontario,one of North America's Great Lakes,and the new system makes use of cold water taken from about 80 meters below the surface of the lake.At this depth,the water in the lake remains at 4℃ all year round.This is exactly the temperature to which the water in air-conditioning systems is cooled.However,the water from the lake is not pumped directly into the air-conditioning systems.Instead,it is used to cool the water that is already inside the air-conditioning systems.After that,the lake water is added to the city's ordinary water supply.Enwave,the company that developed this deep-lake cooling system,says that it uses 75 percent less energy than traditional air conditioning.And since no CFCs are used,no damage can be caused to the ozone layer.Not every city is located next to a large lake,but experts believe that systems like the one being used in Toronto could be built elsewhere by using other natural sources of cold water.What happens in the end to the water from Lake Ontario?
    A

    It is used by the residents of Toronto.

    B

    It is returned to a place deep in the lake.

    C

    It is cooled down before being used again.

    D

    It is added to the water inside air-conditioning systems.


    正确答案: A
    解析:

  • 第10题:

    问答题
    Water Crisis in Spain  There’ve been floods, gales and heat waves across Europe-and some lay the blame for the unpredictable weather on climate change.  Spain is undergoing its worst drought for sixty years with many areas in the south of the country not seeing a drop of rain for months. Some reservoirs are nearly empty while the volume of water in some rivers is down to a third of its normal level.  Guadalajara, in the centre of the country, used to be a prosperous tourist area. Its old Moorish name, ironically, means water running through rocks. But when Emma Jane Kirby visited the small town of Buendia, she found an ecological disaster area in the marketing.  There’s a strange smell around the lake at Buendia, the sort of smell that greets you when you first open the fridge after a week or two away from home—a putrid stench of salad leaves that’ve begun to turn to compost in their cellophane bag. I’m reluctant to mention this to my companion, Marco ObisP0 because this after are is the place where he has spent every one of his summer holidays and a just few hours ago we were pouting over the family photograph books while he reminisced wistfully about his idyllic childhood.  The problem is I don’t recognize this place as being the same one he showed me in the pictures Those images boasted bronzed children racing joyfully down a bank of emerald green grass towards a vast expanse of water so blue that the cornflower sky above looked dazzled. But this landscape is bleached and barren, the banks crusted white, the ponds patchy and the colour of thin ink.  Guadalajara in the centre of Spain has been hit hard by drought. The rains haven’t come since spring last year, leaving the soil parched and lifeless, as cracked and scarred as the face of a small pox victim. The sun has sucked the life from anything that once had the energy to be green and stealthily, its hot tongue has lapped away at the lake’s edge reducing the reservoirs to a fifth of the size they were twenty years ago. As quickly as the water’s evaporated, so have the tourists—the holidaymakers from all over Europe with whom Marco played as a child have been lured away to other areas of Spain where swimming or sailing a boat can be done without fear of scraping knees or hulls on the lake bed.  If the landscape is crying out for new water management, then it’s weeping with painful dust-dry tears. North east of Buendia, only the ancient Spanish pine forests seem able to sustain life, some atavistic survival instinct wing them triumph over droughts which long ago killed off the weaker competition. But the trees are now so dehydrated and sapless they’ve become irresistible to fire-two weeks ago, thirteen thousand hectares were lost to a spark from a barbecue-an inferno that also claimed the lives of eleven men. As far as the eye can see now, the hills are almost bare.

    正确答案: 【参考译文】
    西班牙水危机 连续的洪水、暴风和热浪袭击了欧洲——有人把这归咎于难以预料的天气变化。
    西班牙正经历着六十年来最严重的干旱,该国南部的一些地区数月滴雨未见。一些水库几乎都干枯了,而一些河流的流量不到正常水量的三分之一。
    位于该国中部的瓜达拉哈拉曾经是繁荣的旅游业地区。颇为讽刺的是它从前的摩尔语名字的意思是“流淌过岩石的水”。但当埃玛·简·科比来到布温迪亚这个小镇时,她发现一个生态灾难正在形成。
    布温迪亚湖四周弥漫着一种怪异的味道,就好像是你离开家一两周后第一次打开冰箱时扑面而来的那种味道——腐烂的、发出阵阵恶臭的沙拉蔬菜叶在保鲜袋里快变成肥料的味道。我都无法向我的同伴马科·奥比斯珀提及此事,毕竟这里是他每年度过暑假的地方,而且就在几个小时前我们边翻看他的家庭相册,他还边若有所思地回忆起他田园诗般的童年。
    问题是我并没有认出这个地方就是他在照片里给我指过的地方。这些照片引以自豪地展示出皮肤黝黑的孩子们欢快地沿着长满翠绿色青草的湖岸追逐,奔跑到一片巨大而开阔的湖水前,蓝色的湖水使头顶上矢车菊色的天空分外耀眼。但是眼下这片土地苍白而又荒凉。湖岸凄凉无色,淡淡的黑色湖水零星斑驳。
    西班牙中部的瓜达拉哈拉遭受了严重的干旱。自从去年春天以来就没有下过雨。土地焦热,毫无生机,就像麻疹病人的脸上那样伤痕累累。任何曾经绿意盎然、神秘莫测的事物都被太阳吸去了生命。太阳炙热的舌头已经舔过了湖边,使水库里的水减少到20年前的五分之一。和水一起快速蒸发的是游客们——那些曾经在马科的孩提时代一起玩耍的来自欧洲各地的度假者被吸引到西班牙其他地方去了,在那里可以游泳也可以驾帆船而丝毫不用担心会擦伤膝盖或船会撞到湖底。
    如果这片风景区正在为了新的水资源管理政策而哭喊着,那么它是饱含着疼痛而干涩的眼泪在啜泣。在布温迪亚东北部,只有古老的西班牙松树林似乎还能支撑着活下去。一种天生具有的求生本能使它们能战胜干旱,而干旱在很久以前就已经剥夺了较弱的竞争者的生命。但是如今松树严重脱水,濒临枯萎,它们难以阻挡火势的进攻——两周以前,13,000公顷的松林因为烤肉野餐的一个火星而被焚烧——这场灾难也夺走了11个人的生命。如今但凡目之所及之处,几乎都是光秃秃的小山。
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第11题:

    单选题
    请阅读 Passage 1,完成第 21~25小题。Passage 1These days,many large city buildings are equipped with their own air-conditioning systems.These systems help keep the buildings cool,but they can also damage the environment.Since they use a lot of electricity,for instance,they contribute indirectly to global warming.In addition,the water that flows through the systems is often cooled using chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons,or CFCs,that are believed to damage the Earth's ozone layer.Recently,though,a system has been built in the city of Toronto,Canada,that cools buildings with little damage to the environment. In the traditional air-conditioning systems found in most large buildings,water is pumped through the building in a continuous cycle.The water is first cooled to a temperature of 4℃ in machines called chillers.It is then sent to individual units that cool the air in each room.As the water flows through the building,it gradually becomes warmer.Finally,it reaches the roof ,where it is left to cool down naturally in a water tower.After that it is returned to the chillers,where the cycle begins again.Toronto lies on the shore of Lake Ontario,one of North America's Great Lakes,and the new system makes use of cold water taken from about 80 meters below the surface of the lake.At this depth,the water in the lake remains at 4℃ all year round.This is exactly the temperature to which the water in air-conditioning systems is cooled.However,the water from the lake is not pumped directly into the air-conditioning systems.Instead,it is used to cool the water that is already inside the air-conditioning systems.After that,the lake water is added to the city's ordinary water supply.Enwave,the company that developed this deep-lake cooling system,says that it uses 75 percent less energy than traditional air conditioning.And since no CFCs are used,no damage can be caused to the ozone layer.Not every city is located next to a large lake,but experts believe that systems like the one being used in Toronto could be built elsewhere by using other natural sources of cold water.What is one problem with traditional air-conditioning systems?
    A

    The chemicals they use sometimes pollute the water supply.

    B

    They often damage the buildings that they are trying to cool.

    C

    There are not enough CFCs in the world to cool all the buildings.

    D

    The method they use to cool water is thought to harm the ozone layer.


    正确答案: A
    解析:

  • 第12题:

    单选题
    请阅读 Passage 1,完成第 21~25小题。Passage 1These days,many large city buildings are equipped with their own air-conditioning systems.These systems help keep the buildings cool,but they can also damage the environment.Since they use a lot of electricity,for instance,they contribute indirectly to global warming.In addition,the water that flows through the systems is often cooled using chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons,or CFCs,that are believed to damage the Earth's ozone layer.Recently,though,a system has been built in the city of Toronto,Canada,that cools buildings with little damage to the environment. In the traditional air-conditioning systems found in most large buildings,water is pumped through the building in a continuous cycle.The water is first cooled to a temperature of 4℃ in machines called chillers.It is then sent to individual units that cool the air in each room.As the water flows through the building,it gradually becomes warmer.Finally,it reaches the roof ,where it is left to cool down naturally in a water tower.After that it is returned to the chillers,where the cycle begins again.Toronto lies on the shore of Lake Ontario,one of North America's Great Lakes,and the new system makes use of cold water taken from about 80 meters below the surface of the lake.At this depth,the water in the lake remains at 4℃ all year round.This is exactly the temperature to which the water in air-conditioning systems is cooled.However,the water from the lake is not pumped directly into the air-conditioning systems.Instead,it is used to cool the water that is already inside the air-conditioning systems.After that,the lake water is added to the city's ordinary water supply.Enwave,the company that developed this deep-lake cooling system,says that it uses 75 percent less energy than traditional air conditioning.And since no CFCs are used,no damage can be caused to the ozone layer.Not every city is located next to a large lake,but experts believe that systems like the one being used in Toronto could be built elsewhere by using other natural sources of cold water.What is one advantage of Enwave 's new system?
    A

    It keeps buildings much cooler than other methods.

    B

    It can be used by large cities anywhere in the world.

    C

    It is much more energy-efficient than traditional systems.

    D

    It keeps water from being used for more than one purpose.


    正确答案: B
    解析:

  • 第13题:

    共用题干
    Water

    From the beginning,water has furnished man with a source of food and a highway to travel upon.The first civilization arose(51)________water was a dominant element in the environment,a challenge(52)______man's ingenuity.The Egyptians invented the 365一day calendar in response to the Nile's annual flooding. The Babylonians,(53)________were among the most famous lawmakers in ancient times,invented laws(54)_________ water usage.Water inspired the Chinese to build a 1,000-(55)________canal,a complex system which,after nearly 2,500 years,remains still practically(56)_______ and still commands the astonishment of engineers.But (57)_________never found complete solutions to their water problems.The Yellow River is also known as "China's Sorrow" ;it is so unpredictable and dangerous(58)_________in a single flood it has caused a million(59)________.Floods slowed the great(60)_________of the Indus River Valley,and inadequate drainage ruined (61)________of its land. Today water dominates man (62)_______it always has done.Its presence continues to(63)________the location of his homes and cities;its violent variability can(64)________man or his herds or his crops;its routes links him(65)________his fellows;its immense value may add to already dangerous political conflicts.There are many examples of this in our own time.

    _________(51)
    A:where
    B:the place
    C:when
    D:in the place

    答案:A
    解析:
    本句意思是:最初的人类文明出现于那些水在周围环境中起着重要作用的地方。因此选择A项。
    本句意思是:这是水对人类独创性的挑战。根据含义仅有C项符合题意,to意思是“对于”,表示方向。
    需要填入关联词引导非限制性定语从句,由于先行词在句中做主语,因此选择D项。
    本句意思是:(巴比伦人)发明了管水的法律。本句句子主谓语完整,需要分词修饰law,由于law与water usage是施动关系,因此需要动词-ing形式,选择D项。
    本句意思是:中国人从水上获得灵感,修建了千里大运河。空格部分与前面的数字以连字符连接,因此只能选择单数形式共同构成修饰成分修饰名词canal,因此选择 D项。
    本句意思是:(运河)在将近2 500年后的今天仍在使用而且依旧使工程师们惊叹不已。短语in use意思是“在使用中”;for use意思是“供使用”;by use不是固定搭配; on use需要和介词of搭配构成短语,意思是“利用”,因此选项A最符合题意。
    本句意思是:但是古代人从没有发现过一个能彻底解决水患的办法。 ancient既是形容词“古老的”,也是名词“古人”,做形容词时不能加5,作名词时是可数名词,可以加5。此处需要名词或名词短语做主语,而这里ancient概指所有古人,所以应该是复数,并加定冠词the表示特指。因此选择B项。
    本句意思是:它是那样的不可预料和危险,以至于一场水灾就可能使100 万人丧生。
    people意思是“人们”,death意思是“死亡”,damage意思是“破坏”。ruin 意思是“破坏”。根据含义选择B项。
    本句意思是:水使伟大的印度河谷文明停滞。 influence意思是“影响”, effect意思是“作用”,society意思是“社会”,civilization意思是“文化”,只有。项符合题意。
    本句意思是:排水设施的不足毁坏了它的大部分土地。land是不可数名词,而且没有lot of或者a lots of的搭配,因此只能选择C项。
    本句意思是:今天,水一如既往地控制着人类。for意思是“为了”,as意思是“像······一样”,because意思是“因为”,whereas意思是“然而”,因此只能选择B项。
    本句意思是:水的存在决定着人们安家建城的位置。govern意思是“支配,决定”,control意思是“控制”,lead意思是“领导”,influence意思是“影响”,因此选项A最合适。
    本句意思是:水剧烈的可变性可以杀死人类或是人类的牲畜、庄稼。 cause意思是“导致”,violate意思是“侵犯、干扰”,kill意思是“杀死”,damage意思是“破坏”。选项C最符合题意。
    本句意思是:它的航线把人们联系起来。根据本句的含义,仅有选项D符合题意。

  • 第14题:

    共用题干
    Water

    From the beginning,water has furnished man with a source of food and a highway to travel upon.The first civilization arose(51)________water was a dominant element in the environment,a challenge(52)______man's ingenuity.The Egyptians invented the 365一day calendar in response to the Nile's annual flooding. The Babylonians,(53)________were among the most famous lawmakers in ancient times,invented laws(54)_________ water usage.Water inspired the Chinese to build a 1,000-(55)________canal,a complex system which,after nearly 2,500 years,remains still practically(56)_______ and still commands the astonishment of engineers.But (57)_________never found complete solutions to their water problems.The Yellow River is also known as "China's Sorrow" ;it is so unpredictable and dangerous(58)_________in a single flood it has caused a million(59)________.Floods slowed the great(60)_________of the Indus River Valley,and inadequate drainage ruined (61)________of its land. Today water dominates man (62)_______it always has done.Its presence continues to(63)________the location of his homes and cities;its violent variability can(64)________man or his herds or his crops;its routes links him(65)________his fellows;its immense value may add to already dangerous political conflicts.There are many examples of this in our own time.

    _________(56)
    A:mnuse
    B:for use
    C:byuse
    D:on use

    答案:A
    解析:
    本句意思是:最初的人类文明出现于那些水在周围环境中起着重要作用的地方。因此选择A项。
    本句意思是:这是水对人类独创性的挑战。根据含义仅有C项符合题意,to意思是“对于”,表示方向。
    需要填入关联词引导非限制性定语从句,由于先行词在句中做主语,因此选择D项。
    本句意思是:(巴比伦人)发明了管水的法律。本句句子主谓语完整,需要分词修饰law,由于law与water usage是施动关系,因此需要动词-ing形式,选择D项。
    本句意思是:中国人从水上获得灵感,修建了千里大运河。空格部分与前面的数字以连字符连接,因此只能选择单数形式共同构成修饰成分修饰名词canal,因此选择 D项。
    本句意思是:(运河)在将近2 500年后的今天仍在使用而且依旧使工程师们惊叹不已。短语in use意思是“在使用中”;for use意思是“供使用”;by use不是固定搭配; on use需要和介词of搭配构成短语,意思是“利用”,因此选项A最符合题意。
    本句意思是:但是古代人从没有发现过一个能彻底解决水患的办法。 ancient既是形容词“古老的”,也是名词“古人”,做形容词时不能加5,作名词时是可数名词,可以加5。此处需要名词或名词短语做主语,而这里ancient概指所有古人,所以应该是复数,并加定冠词the表示特指。因此选择B项。
    本句意思是:它是那样的不可预料和危险,以至于一场水灾就可能使100 万人丧生。
    people意思是“人们”,death意思是“死亡”,damage意思是“破坏”。ruin 意思是“破坏”。根据含义选择B项。
    本句意思是:水使伟大的印度河谷文明停滞。 influence意思是“影响”, effect意思是“作用”,society意思是“社会”,civilization意思是“文化”,只有。项符合题意。
    本句意思是:排水设施的不足毁坏了它的大部分土地。land是不可数名词,而且没有lot of或者a lots of的搭配,因此只能选择C项。
    本句意思是:今天,水一如既往地控制着人类。for意思是“为了”,as意思是“像······一样”,because意思是“因为”,whereas意思是“然而”,因此只能选择B项。
    本句意思是:水的存在决定着人们安家建城的位置。govern意思是“支配,决定”,control意思是“控制”,lead意思是“领导”,influence意思是“影响”,因此选项A最合适。
    本句意思是:水剧烈的可变性可以杀死人类或是人类的牲畜、庄稼。 cause意思是“导致”,violate意思是“侵犯、干扰”,kill意思是“杀死”,damage意思是“破坏”。选项C最符合题意。
    本句意思是:它的航线把人们联系起来。根据本句的含义,仅有选项D符合题意。

  • 第15题:

    共用题干
    Water一the Issue of This Century
    The world is running short of freshwater. Populations are growing bigger and thirstier (渴的),with the result that freshwater is becoming increasingly scarce(缺乏).Half the world's wetlands have disappeared during the last century,while estimates suggest that wa- ter use will rise by 50% in the next 30 years.
    The World Bank report estimates that as much as half of the world's population,concentrated in Africa,the Middle East and south Asia,will face“severe water shortages”by 2025.Local water conflicts and the loss of freshwater ecosystems appear large in some re- gions.
    A similar picture emerges from the globe's salt water regions. Three-quarters of the world's people may live within 100km of the sea in 2025,putting even more pressure on stretched coastal ecosystems. Two thirds of fisheries(渔业)are exploited at or beyond their sustainable limits, and half the world's coral reefs(珊瑚礁)may perish in 100 years. Almost 60% of coral reefs and 34% of fish species are at risk from human activities,the Bank says.
    The report concludes that there is ample evidence to justify immediate and coordinated action to safeguard supplies and use water more efficiently.
    Fresh water consumption is rising quickly,and the availability of water in some regions is likely to become one of the most pressing issues of the 21st century.
    A third of the world's popu1ation一around two billion people一live in countries that are experiencing moderate to high water shortages.That proportion could rise to half or more in the next 30 years unless institutions(制度)change to ensure better conservation and alloca- tion of water.
    China is one country where the portents(征兆)are gloomy. The most waterstressed country in East Asia,China is exploiting 44%of its usable water,a figure projected to rise to6O%by 2020.Primary withdrawal of water of more than 60%is widely considered by water experts to exceed the environmental carrying capacity of a river basin system. Although
    China's total use appears still to be reasonable,it has several basins that are severely stressed environmentally.
    Withdrawals exceed environmental limits in Afghanistan and Pakistan,and will exceed them in India by 2020.In the Middle East and North Africa,only Morocco has unexploited water resources.The rest have exceeded environmental limits and many are mining aquifers (蓄水层)一bodies of water-bearing rock一the report says.

    Most developed countries will face water shortages in 20 years.
    A: Right
    B: Wrong
    C: Not mentioned

    答案:C
    解析:
    题干意为“据估计,30年以后水的使用量将增加50%”。利用题干中的细节 信息词/短语water use, 50% , next 30 years作为定位线索,在短文第一段中寻找到相关句: The world is running short of fresh water. Populations are growing bigger and thirstier(渴 的),with the result that freshwater is becoming increasingly scarce(缺乏).Half the world's wetlands have disappeared during the last century,while estimates suggest that water use will rise by 50% in the next 30 years.相关句(带下划线的句子)意为“在上个世纪的100年里世界上一半的沼泽地已经消失了,而依据人们的估计来看,30年后水的使用量将增加50%”, 很明显题干陈述的意义与短文中的相关内容一致,因此题干陈述了正确的信息。所以答案为A。
    题干意为“大多数发达国家20年以后将面临水的短缺问题”。利用题干中 的细节信息词/短语most developed countries, water shortages, in 20 years作为定位线索, 结果发现most developed countries根本没有在短文中出现,短文中也没有具体提到发达国家水短缺的情况,因此题干陈述的信息是短文中未提及的信息。所以答案为C。
    题干意为“到了2025年,地球上大多数的人可能会生活在距离海洋100公 里的范围里”。利用题干中的细节信息短语most of the world's population, 100km of the sea, in 2025作为定位线索,这样在第三段中找到相关句:A similar picture emerges from the globe's salt water regions. Three-quarters of the world's people(与题干中的most of the world's population呼应)may live within 100km of the sea in 2025 , putting even more pressure on stretched coastal ecosystems. Two thirds of fisheries(渔业)are exploited at or beyond their sustainable limits, and half the world's coral reefs(珊瑚礁)may perish in 100 years.Almost 60% of coral reefs and 34% of fish species are at risk from human activities, the Bank says.相关句(第三段第二句)提到“到2025年,世界上3/4的人将可能生活在距离海洋100公里的范围里”,显然题干陈述的意义与短文相关内容一致。所以答案为A。到目前为 止,在完成的3道题的答案里出现了2个A,1个C,剩下的4道题肯定至少会出现1-3个 B,因此如果考虑节约答题时间,剩下的4小题全选B,这样在该阅读理解题上就通过完成3 小题而直接拿到5小题的分数(即拿到5分!)
    题干意为“几乎所有的珊瑚礁都可能在10。年后消失”。利用题干中的细节 信息短语almost all coral reefs, in 100 years作为定位线索,这样在第三段中找到相关句:A similar picture emerges from the globe's salt water regions. Three-quarters of the world's people may live within 100km of the sea in 2025,putting even more pressure on stretched coastal ecosystems. Two thirds of fisheries(渔业)are exploited at or beyond their sustainable limits,and half the world's coral reefs(珊瑚礁)may perish in 100 years.Almost 60% of coral reefs and 34% of fish species are at risk from human activities, the Bank says.相关句(第三段倒数第二句)意为“2/3的渔业开发已经处于可承受的边缘,甚至超出了可承受的范围,世界上一半的珊瑚礁可能会在100年后消失”。短文提到“一半的珊瑚礁”可能会在100年后消失,而不是“几乎所有的珊瑚礁”可能会在100年后消失,因此题干陈述的信息与短文内 容不一致。所以答案为B。
    题干意为“大西洋中的一些鱼类正处于危险的状况中”。利用题干中的细节 信息词/短语some species of fish, Atlantic, dangerously low levels作为定位线索,在第三段 中寻找到相关句:A similar picture emerges from the globe's salt water regions. Three-quarters of the world's people may live within 100km of the sea in 2025,putting even more pressure on stretched coastal ecosystems. Two thirds of fisheries(渔业) are exploited at or beyond their sustainable limits,and half the world's coral reefs(珊瑚礁)may perish in 100 years. Almost 60% of coral reefs and 34% of fish species are at risk from human activities, the Bank says.相关句(带下划线的句子)提到“世界银行说几乎有60%的珊瑚礁和34%的鱼 类因为人类的活动而处于危险的状况中”,这个句子陈述的是全世界鱼类的情况,至于在大西洋是否也是这样,该句中没有提到,依据该句意义也无法推断出大西洋地区鱼类的情况。短文中的其他句子没有再提及鱼类的情况,由此可判断出题干陈述的信息是短文中未提及的信 息。所以答案为C。
    题干意为“世界银行的报告意味着应该采取紧急行动来保护水资源的供 应”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语the World Bank report, urgent action, water supplies 作为定位线索,在第四段中寻找到相关句:The report(指上文中提到的世界银行的报告) concludes that there is ample evidence to justify immediate and coordinated action to safe- guard supplies and use water more efficiently.第四段是一个独立成段句,该段意为“那份报告得出的结论是有大量的证据证明应该立刻采取协调一致的行动来保护水资源的供应,并更有效地使用水资源”。显然题干陈述的意义与短文中的相关意义一致,因此答案为A。
    题干意为“印度(现在)超过了水资源的环境使用极限”。利用题干中的细节 信息词/短语India , environmental limits , water use作为定位线索,在最后一段中寻找到相关句:Withdrawals(与上文中提到的withdrawal of water<水资源的使用>呼应)exceed environmental limits in Afghanistan and Pakistan,and will exceed them in India by 2020.In the

  • 第16题:

    Deep inside a mountain near Sweetwater in East Tennessee is a bady?of water known as the Lost?Sea.It is listed by the Guinness Book of World Records as the world′s largest underground lake.The Lost Sea is part of an extensive and historic cave system called Craighead Caverns.
    The caverns have been known and used since the days of the Cherokee Indian nation.The cave?expands into a series of huge rooms from a small opening on the side of the mountain.Approximately?one mile from the entrance,in a room called-The Council Room",many Indian artifacts have been?found.Some of the items discovered include pottery,arrowheads,weapons,and jewelry.
    For many years there were persistent rumors of a large underground lake somewhere in a cave,but it was not discovered until 1905.In that year,a thirteen-year-old boy named Ben Sands crawled through a small opening three hundred feet underground.:He found himself in a large cave half filled?with water.
    Today tourists visit the Lost Sea and ride far out onto it in glass-bottomed boats powered by electric motors.More than thirteen acres of water have been mapped out so far and still no end to the lake has been found.Even though teams of divers have tried to explore the Lost Sea,the full extent
    of it is still unknown.

    The Lost Sea is unique because it is__________.

    A.part of a historical cave system
    B.the biggest underground lake in the world
    C.listed in the Guinness Book of World Records
    D.the largest body of water in Tennessee

    答案:B
    解析:
    【考情点拨】事实细节题。【应试指导】由第一段第二句可知,The Lost Sea是作为世界上最大的地下湖而闻名的。

  • 第17题:

    共用题干
    第一篇

    Water Resources on the Earth

    The second most important constituent(构成成分)of the biosphere(生物圈)is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures,since water freezes at 0℃and boils a 100℃.Life as we know it would only be possible on the surface of a planet which had temperature: somewhere within this narrow range.
    The earth's supply of water probably remains fairly constant in quantity.The total quantity of water is not known very accurately,but it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to a depth of about two and three-quarter kilometers.Most of it is in the form of the salt water of the oceans一about 97 percent. The rest is fresh.But three-quarters of this is in the form of ice at the poles and or mountains and cannot be used by living systems until melted.Of the remaining fraction,which h somewhat less than one percent of the whole.There is 10—20 times as much stored underground water as there is actually on the surface.There is also a tiny,but extremely important fraction of the water supply which is present as water vapour in the atmosphere.
    Water vapour in the atmosphere is the channel through which the whole water circulation(循环) of the biosphere has to pass.Water evaporated(蒸发)from the surface of the oceans,from lakes and rivers and from moist(潮湿的)earth is added to it. From it the water comes out again as rain or snow,falling on either the sea or the land. There is,as might be expected, a more intensive evaporation per unit area over the sea and oceans than over the land,but there is more rainfall over the land than over the oceans and the balance is restored by the run off from the land in the form of rivers.

    Most of the fresh water on Earth________.
    A:is in the form of ice at the poles and on mountains
    B:is stored underground
    C:is found in rivers and lakes
    D:comes from the rain

    答案:A
    解析:
    文章第一段的第二句讲到液态水“only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures",虽然B(我们星球的表面)也有点道理,但是液态水对温度的要求很高,并非地球的所有表面都有液态水存在,所以答案D正确。
    第二段第一句提到地球上水的供给“remains fairly constant in quantity",数量上是恒定的,它就没有增加也不会减少,只不过会以不同的形态出现,所以选择B(保持不变)。
    问题是“地球上绝大部分淡水以什么形式出现?”第二段中间提到淡水时,说到“three-quarters of this is in the form of ice at the poles and on mountains",即3/4的淡水以冰的形式存在于两极和高山中,后面提到剩余部分的淡水存在于地下,但占比少于1%,所以选项A正确。
    词义辫析题, fraction有“小部分”的意思,考虑到前面提到地球97%的水以海洋咸水的形式存在,剩下的3%则以冰的形式存在于两极和高山,余下的自然不多,所以选B。
    第三段的最后一句说到“there is more rainfall over the land than over the oceans”,陆地的降雨比海洋要多,但没有提到河流和山脉的降雨比较,所以C正确。大气中的水蒸气是整个生物圈的水循环必经的途径。水从海洋的表面、湖泊、河流和潮湿的泥土中蒸发出来并补充到大气中。水以雨或雪的形式再次出现,降落在海洋或陆地上。可以预料到的是,海洋上空每单位面积的水蒸气比在陆地上空更为密集,但是,陆地比海洋有更多的降雨,水在陆地上以河流的形式流出以保持水资源的平衡。

  • 第18题:

    共用题干
    第一篇

    Water Resources on the Earth

    The second most important constituent(构成成分)of the biosphere(生物圈)is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures,since water freezes at 0℃and boils a 100℃.Life as we know it would only be possible on the surface of a planet which had temperature: somewhere within this narrow range.
    The earth's supply of water probably remains fairly constant in quantity.The total quantity of water is not known very accurately,but it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to a depth of about two and three-quarter kilometers.Most of it is in the form of the salt water of the oceans一about 97 percent. The rest is fresh.But three-quarters of this is in the form of ice at the poles and or mountains and cannot be used by living systems until melted.Of the remaining fraction,which h somewhat less than one percent of the whole.There is 10—20 times as much stored underground water as there is actually on the surface.There is also a tiny,but extremely important fraction of the water supply which is present as water vapour in the atmosphere.
    Water vapour in the atmosphere is the channel through which the whole water circulation(循环) of the biosphere has to pass.Water evaporated(蒸发)from the surface of the oceans,from lakes and rivers and from moist(潮湿的)earth is added to it. From it the water comes out again as rain or snow,falling on either the sea or the land. There is,as might be expected, a more intensive evaporation per unit area over the sea and oceans than over the land,but there is more rainfall over the land than over the oceans and the balance is restored by the run off from the land in the form of rivers.

    There is more of rainfall________.
    A:over the mountains than over the rivers
    B:over the rivers than over the mountains
    C:over the land than over the oceans
    D:over the oceans than over the land

    答案:C
    解析:
    文章第一段的第二句讲到液态水“only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures",虽然B(我们星球的表面)也有点道理,但是液态水对温度的要求很高,并非地球的所有表面都有液态水存在,所以答案D正确。
    第二段第一句提到地球上水的供给“remains fairly constant in quantity",数量上是恒定的,它就没有增加也不会减少,只不过会以不同的形态出现,所以选择B(保持不变)。
    问题是“地球上绝大部分淡水以什么形式出现?”第二段中间提到淡水时,说到“three-quarters of this is in the form of ice at the poles and on mountains",即3/4的淡水以冰的形式存在于两极和高山中,后面提到剩余部分的淡水存在于地下,但占比少于1%,所以选项A正确。
    词义辫析题, fraction有“小部分”的意思,考虑到前面提到地球97%的水以海洋咸水的形式存在,剩下的3%则以冰的形式存在于两极和高山,余下的自然不多,所以选B。
    第三段的最后一句说到“there is more rainfall over the land than over the oceans”,陆地的降雨比海洋要多,但没有提到河流和山脉的降雨比较,所以C正确。大气中的水蒸气是整个生物圈的水循环必经的途径。水从海洋的表面、湖泊、河流和潮湿的泥土中蒸发出来并补充到大气中。水以雨或雪的形式再次出现,降落在海洋或陆地上。可以预料到的是,海洋上空每单位面积的水蒸气比在陆地上空更为密集,但是,陆地比海洋有更多的降雨,水在陆地上以河流的形式流出以保持水资源的平衡。

  • 第19题:

    共用题干
    Where Did the Earth's Water Come From?

    Earth is located within the"snow line"of the solar system,the region closest to the Sun where H2 0 is primarily in liquid or gaseous form,if at all.______(46)The snow line phenomena is reflected in the water content of planets like Mercury,Venus,and Mars. Water is absent on Mercury.On Venus,H2O only exists as a trace element in the atmosphere.Mars only has a thin veneer of ice in its polar regions.In general,water is rare within the snow line.
    Why does Earth have so much water relative to the other inner planets?71%of the surface is covered in the oceans,more than half of which is deeper than 3,000 meters,with an approximate total volume of 1.3 billion cu km.______(47)
    There are various theories as to where all the Earth's water came from,but several theories have fared better than the others.______(48)When the Earth was in the process of forming,with a radius just 40%smaller than at present,it would have had enough gravity to hold on to a tenuous atmosphere with water vapor. The first water vapor on the planet would have come from the planet's internals,where volatile(low weight)chemicals would have a tendency to float to the top,and heavy chemicals(iron and nickel)would sink.
    Though the first of Earth's water came about through volcanism,this alone probably didn't produce enough to form stable pools on the surface.______(49)Comparing the isotope ratios of water on Earth and water from comets and asteroids has revealed that the majority of the Earth's water comes from asteroids.
    Throughout its history,Earth's water has increased in volume due to biological processes. In the early seas of Earth,hydrogen sulfide would have been in great supply,which,when reacted with carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis in sulfide-reducing bacteria,would have produced hydrogen,sulfur,and water.______(50)

    ________(49)
    A: More water was added to the planet during several hypothesized large impacts from asteroids from the outer asteroid belt.
    B:We know that the oceans existed as early as 100 million years after the formation of the Earth.
    C:Still,the oceans only make up 0.023%of the Earth's total mass.
    D:Astronomers say Earth s water may have come from space.
    E:The snow line is located in the outerasteroid belt,between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
    F: Many geologists believe that the majority of Earth's water generated through this process.

    答案:A
    解析:
    文中第一段第一句提到了snow line,接下来的依据肯定还是要对snow line进行进一步说明,而选项中,只有E选项提到了snow line,所以选择E。
    文中第二段主要说明地球上的水占的比重,而只有C选项是对这一主题进行说明,所以选择C。
    根据后一句When the Earth was in the process of forming可以得知,该段是在讲述地球的形成历史,B选项We know that the oceans existed as early as 100 million years after the formation of the Earth也是在讲述地球形成的历史,所以选择B。
    后一句:Comparing the isotope ratios of water on Earth and water from comets and asteroids has revealed that the majority of the Earth's water comes from asteroids.通过把地球上水的同位素和小行星以及彗星上的水的同位素进行比较,发现地球上的水主要来自小行星。可以推断出,该句要讲述地球上的水与太空中小行星的关系,所以A选项正确。
    文中的最后一段主要是讲地球上水的来源。前一句:In the early seas of Earth,hydrogen sulfide would have been in great supply,which,when reacted with carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis in sulfide-reducing bacteria,would have produced hydrogen , sulfur , and water.在地球早期的海洋中,硫氢化合物非常丰富,在去硫细菌的光合作用的影响下,它与大气层中的二氧化碳产生化学反应,产生大量的氢、硫,以及水。这是地球自身产生的水,而F选项Many geologists believe that the majority of Earth's water generated through this process(许多地理学家认为地球上水的产生主要通过这一进程实现)正好承接前一句,所以F选项正确。

  • 第20题:

    单选题
    Which of the following most closely parallels the situation described in the first sentence of the text?
    A

    Although a town reduces its public services in order to avoid a tax increase, the town’s tax rate exceeds that of other towns in the surrounding area.

    B

    Although a state.passes strict laws to limit the type of toxic material that can be disposed of in public landfills, illegal dumping continues to increase.

    C

    Although a town’s citizens reduce their individual use of water, the town’s water supplies continue to dwindle, because of a steady increase in the total populating of the town.

    D

    Although a country attempts to increase the sale of domestic goods by adding a tax to the price of imported goods, the sate of imported goods within the country continues to increase.


    正确答案: A
    解析:
    理解题。文章第一句的意思是“尽管近年来每个单独的机动车辆排放的有毒物质已大幅减少,但此类车辆的数量一直在稳步增加”。C项“尽管一个城镇中市民各自用水量减少,城市的供水仍在减少,因为城镇的总的人口数在稳定增加”与原文的两者之间的增减关系一致,为正确答案。

  • 第21题:

    单选题
    If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate________is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.
    A

    what

    B

    who

    C

    that

    D

    whoever


    正确答案: C
    解析:

  • 第22题:

    单选题
    请阅读 Passage 1,完成第 21~25小题。Passage 1These days,many large city buildings are equipped with their own air-conditioning systems.These systems help keep the buildings cool,but they can also damage the environment.Since they use a lot of electricity,for instance,they contribute indirectly to global warming.In addition,the water that flows through the systems is often cooled using chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons,or CFCs,that are believed to damage the Earth's ozone layer.Recently,though,a system has been built in the city of Toronto,Canada,that cools buildings with little damage to the environment. In the traditional air-conditioning systems found in most large buildings,water is pumped through the building in a continuous cycle.The water is first cooled to a temperature of 4℃ in machines called chillers.It is then sent to individual units that cool the air in each room.As the water flows through the building,it gradually becomes warmer.Finally,it reaches the roof ,where it is left to cool down naturally in a water tower.After that it is returned to the chillers,where the cycle begins again.Toronto lies on the shore of Lake Ontario,one of North America's Great Lakes,and the new system makes use of cold water taken from about 80 meters below the surface of the lake.At this depth,the water in the lake remains at 4℃ all year round.This is exactly the temperature to which the water in air-conditioning systems is cooled.However,the water from the lake is not pumped directly into the air-conditioning systems.Instead,it is used to cool the water that is already inside the air-conditioning systems.After that,the lake water is added to the city's ordinary water supply.Enwave,the company that developed this deep-lake cooling system,says that it uses 75 percent less energy than traditional air conditioning.And since no CFCs are used,no damage can be caused to the ozone layer.Not every city is located next to a large lake,but experts believe that systems like the one being used in Toronto could be built elsewhere by using other natural sources of cold water.Which of the following is true?
    A

    Enwave's system is said to work only in cities located near the Great Lakes.

    B

    The water deep in Lake Ontario always remains at the same temperature.

    C

    Experts warn that the use of CFCs in Enwave' s system will add to global warming.

    D

    Toronto is now searching for new natural sources of water to use in its water supply.


    正确答案: C
    解析:

  • 第23题:

    单选题
    请阅读 Passage 1,完成第 21~25小题。Passage 1These days,many large city buildings are equipped with their own air-conditioning systems.These systems help keep the buildings cool,but they can also damage the environment.Since they use a lot of electricity,for instance,they contribute indirectly to global warming.In addition,the water that flows through the systems is often cooled using chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons,or CFCs,that are believed to damage the Earth's ozone layer.Recently,though,a system has been built in the city of Toronto,Canada,that cools buildings with little damage to the environment. In the traditional air-conditioning systems found in most large buildings,water is pumped through the building in a continuous cycle.The water is first cooled to a temperature of 4℃ in machines called chillers.It is then sent to individual units that cool the air in each room.As the water flows through the building,it gradually becomes warmer.Finally,it reaches the roof ,where it is left to cool down naturally in a water tower.After that it is returned to the chillers,where the cycle begins again.Toronto lies on the shore of Lake Ontario,one of North America's Great Lakes,and the new system makes use of cold water taken from about 80 meters below the surface of the lake.At this depth,the water in the lake remains at 4℃ all year round.This is exactly the temperature to which the water in air-conditioning systems is cooled.However,the water from the lake is not pumped directly into the air-conditioning systems.Instead,it is used to cool the water that is already inside the air-conditioning systems.After that,the lake water is added to the city's ordinary water supply.Enwave,the company that developed this deep-lake cooling system,says that it uses 75 percent less energy than traditional air conditioning.And since no CFCs are used,no damage can be caused to the ozone layer.Not every city is located next to a large lake,but experts believe that systems like the one being used in Toronto could be built elsewhere by using other natural sources of cold water.What is the function of the chillers in a traditional air-conditioning system?
    A

    They pump the air continuously to the units in each room.

    B

    They lower the temperature of the water in the system.

    C

    They help the water cool down naturally on the roof .

    D

    They gradually clean the water as it flows through the building.


    正确答案: B
    解析: