单选题The World’s Fair won’t be a financial success _____ there are enough visitors.A lestB providedC ifD unless

参考答案：B

参考答案：D

正确答案：
(a) Reliability and Measurement
Fair value can be defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability. The fair value can
be thought of as an ‘exit price’. A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability
occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market
for the asset or liability which is the market in which the reporting entity would sell the asset or transfer the liability with the
price that maximises the amount that would be received or minimises the amount that would be paid. IAS39 ‘Financial
Instruments: Recognition and Measurement’ requires an entity to use the most advantageous active market in measuring the
fair value of a financial asset or liability when multiple markets exist whereas IAS41 ‘Agriculture’ requires an entity to use the
most relevant market. Thus there can be different approaches for estimating exit prices. Additionally valuation techniques and
current replacement cost could be used.
A hierarchy of fair value measurements would have to be developed in order to convey information about the nature of the
information used in creating the fair values. For example quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets would provide better
quality information than quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets which would provide better quality
information than prices which reflect the reporting entity’s own thinking about the assumptions that market participants would
use in pricing the asset or liability. Enron made extensive use of what it called ‘mark-to-market’ accounting which was based
on valuation techniques and estimates. IFRSs currently do not have a single hierarchy that applies to all fair value measures.
Instead individual standards indicate preferences for certain inputs and measures of fair value over others, but this guidance
is not consistent among all IFRSs.
Some companies, in order to effectively manage their businesses, have already developed models for determining fair values.
Businesses manage their operations by managing risks. A risk management process often requires measurement of fair values
of contracts, financial instruments, and risk positions.
If markets were liquid and transparent for all assets and liabilities, fair value accounting clearly would give reliable information
which is useful in the decision making process. However, because many assets and liabilities do not have an active market,
the inputs and methods for estimating their fair value are more subjective and, therefore, the valuations are less reliable. Fair
value estimates can vary greatly, depending on the valuation inputs and methodology used. Where management uses
significant judgment in selecting market inputs when market prices are not available, reliability will continue to be an issue.
Management can use significant judgment in the valuation process. Management bias, whether intentional or unintentional,
may result in inappropriate fair value measurements and consequently misstatements of earnings and equity capital. Without
reliable fair value estimates, the potential for misstatements in financial statements prepared using fair value measurements
will be even greater.
Consideration must be given to revenue recognition issues in a fair value system. It must be ensured that unearned revenue
is not recognised early as it recently was by certain high-tech companies.
As the variety and complexity of financial instruments increases, so does the need for independent verification of fair value
estimates. However, verification of valuations that are not based on observable market prices is very challenging. Users of
financial statements will need to place greater emphasis on understanding how assets and liabilities are measured and how
reliable these valuations are when making decisions based on them.
Disclosure
Fair values reflect point estimates and do not result in transparent financial statements. Additional disclosures are necessary
to bring meaning to these fair value estimates. These disclosures might include key drivers affecting valuations, fair-valuerange
estimates, and confidence levels. Another important disclosure consideration relates to changes in fair value amounts.
For example, changes in fair values on securities can arise from movements in interest rates, foreign-currency rates, and credit
quality, as well as purchases and sales from the portfolio. For users to understand fair value estimates, they must be given
adequate disclosures about what factors caused the changes in fair value. It could be argued that the costs involved in
determining fair values may exceed the benefits derived therefrom. When considering how fair value information should be
presented in the financial statements, it is important to consider what type of financial information investors want. There are
indications that some investors desire both fair value information and historical cost information. One of the issues affecting
the credibility of fair value disclosures currently is that a number of companies include ‘health warnings’ with their disclosures
indicating that the information is not used by management. This language may contribute to users believing that the fair value
disclosures lack credibility.

参考答案：人们总是痛恨老鼠，但是有一只老鼠却赢得了全世界人民的心。

参考答案：A

正确答案:错

正确答案:B

正确答案：A
本文最合适的标题是____。
[A]世界贫困问题
[B]萨姆纳先生关于贫困的研究
[C]中等收入国家的贫困问题
[D]全球贫困的金融救助
答案解析：[A]主旨大意题。主旨大意题可以通过速读每一段的主题句来归纳概括，不难看出本文通篇在讲全球贫困问题的严峻性，并试图找到解决办法，作者通过引用数据说明贫困情况的变化和加剧，而且通过前几道题目的分析，我们很容易抓住文章主旨——就是世界贫困问题，因此[A]为正确答案。

答案：A

解析：

答案：D

解析：

参考答案：B

B
A除非  B以免  C如果  D倘若
根据句意“他被处罚了以免他再犯同样才错误”选B

参考答案:C

参考答案：错误

正确答案：D

正确答案：A

正确答案：C
作者引用“220个国家中，低收入国家的数目降到了39个”这一事实是为了表明____。
[A]中等收入国家的贫困状况得到了极大缓解
[B]中等收入国家的儿童生活有了改善
[C]尽管低收入国家的数目降低了，但是贫困人口的生活状况没有改变
[D]对世界上最贫困国家的经济援助取得了很大的成功
答案解析：[C]推理判断题。文章第二段作者引用了世界银行的分类数据，通过数字可以看出低收入国家在不断减少，但在下文当中，作者又通过新的数据信息，向读者阐明，尽管这些国家成为了中等收入国家，但是“中等收入国家所占的全球穷人比例增加了2倍”，也就是说贫穷问题并没有在根本上得到解决，而是愈演愈烈，因此可以判断[A]错误，[C]表述正确；在第二段末尾，作者提出“世界上70%的营养不良儿童生长在中等收入国家”，因此[B]错误；[D]也与文章内容不符，排除。

答案：C

解析：

答案：D

解析：

答案：D

解析：