单选题His _____ was to graduate from medical school and become a great surgeon.A mistakeB destinationC intelligenceD purpose

The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination.
　　Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity.
　　There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients,colleagues, insurers, and government.
　　The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are almost a norm. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant;there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behaviour and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.
　　Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection process of medical students might be expected to favour candidates with integrity and positive ethical behaviour--if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance. Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling, if inconclusive, data that suggest that during medical school the ethical behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve;indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress.
　　The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential. It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of integrity. Medical schools must make their institutional position and their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one. The development of a school's culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing. Moreover, the school's examination system and general treatment of students must be perceived as fair. Finally, the treatment of infractions must be firm, fair, transparent, and consistent.
According to the author, what precautions should medical schools take to prevent students from cheating
　　

A. Medical schools should establish a firm moral standard to weed out applicants with low integrity.
B. Medical schools should make efforts to remedy the ills of a society.
C. Medical schools should teach future doctors integrity and ethical values.
D. There is nothing medical schools can do to improve the ethical behaviour of their students.

What's an Apprentice?
As everyone knows, opportunities in the skilled trades are set to explode in the next five to ten years.
Many skilled trades train workers through apprenticeships - new workers spend up to 80% of their days
learning on the job, and only 20% in the classroom. This is accomplished through being paired with an expert in the trade who will guide the apprentice through their learning process.
Many countries have developed special ””pre-apprenticeship”” secondary school programs. If you are in high school, by participating in these programs you can learn job skills and earn credits towards your apprenticeship before you even graduate. Apprenticeships range from auto mechanics to cabinetmaking, construction, and pastry making
What is an apprentice according to this article?

A. Anyone who spends 20% of his or her time inside a classroom

B. An expert in a skilled trade who spends 80% of his or her time on the job

C. Any high school student who is learning job skills

D. A new worker matched with an expert to learn a skilled trade

资料：Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century.After writing many letters asking for admission （录取） to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. She was so determined that she taught school and gave music lessons to get money for the cost of schooling.
In 1849, after graduation from medical school, she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon （外科医生） , but a serious eye problem forced he r to give up the idea.
Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children Besides being the first woman physician and founding her won hospital, she also set up the first medical school for women.

Why couldn’t Elizabeth Blackwell realize her dream of becoming a surgeon?

A.She decided to further her education in Paris
B.serious eye problem shopped her
C.She couldn’t get admitted to medical school
D.It was difficult for her to start a practice in the United States

资料：Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century.After writing many letters asking for admission （录取） to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. She was so determined that she taught school and gave music lessons to get money for the cost of schooling.
In 1849, after graduation from medical school, she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon （外科医生） , but a serious eye problem forced he r to give up the idea.
Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children Besides being the first woman physician and founding her won hospital, she also set up the first medical school for women.

How many years passed between her graduation from medical school and the opening of her hospital?

A.Ten years
B.Nineteen years
C.Eight years
D.Thirty-six years

资料：Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century.After writing many letters asking for admission （录取） to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. She was so determined that she taught school and gave music lessons to get money for the cost of schooling.
In 1849, after graduation from medical school, she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon （外科医生） , but a serious eye problem forced he r to give up the idea.
Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children Besides being the first woman physician and founding her won hospital, she also set up the first medical school for women.

What main obstacle （障碍） almost destroyed Elizabeth’s chances for becoming for a doctor?

A.She wrote too many letters.
B.She couldn’t graduate from medical school.
C.She was a woman.
D.She couldn’t set up her hospital.

The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination.
　　Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity.
　　There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients,colleagues, insurers, and government.
　　The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are almost a norm. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant;there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behaviour and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.
　　Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection process of medical students might be expected to favour candidates with integrity and positive ethical behaviour--if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance. Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling, if inconclusive, data that suggest that during medical school the ethical behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve;indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress.
　　The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential. It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of integrity. Medical schools must make their institutional position and their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one. The development of a school's culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing. Moreover, the school's examination system and general treatment of students must be perceived as fair. Finally, the treatment of infractions must be firm, fair, transparent, and consistent.
The author will probably agree with which of the following statements
　　

A. Medical schools should make exams easier for the students to alleviate the fierce competition.
B. Prominent figures in the medical institution should create a set of moral standards to be applied in medical schools.
C. Medical students should play an active role in the creation and preservation of a culture of integrity.
D. Those students who cheat in the exams should be instantly expelled from school.

Suppose you have been working at the International Students Office of your school for a year.Since you are going to graduate from school,you need to write a resignation letter of about 100 words to the office director,Mr.Wang to l）state your reason（s）,and 2）make an apology.Do not use your own name at the end of the letter.Use"Li Ming"instead.Do not write the address.（10 points）

Martin knew that in a free country this was wrong．He wanted to help his black brothers．（　）he decided to go to school and become a minister．



A. As 
B. Because
C. So
D. But

资料：“I wouldn’t be here today if not for the generosity of strangers,” said Michael Moritz, while announcing a major donation to Oxford University. A former Time Magazine reporter, Mr. Moritz left journalism to become one of the most successful venture capitalists in Silicon Valley. Through Sequoia Capital, the firm he joined in 1986 and has led for many years, Mr. Moritz was an early investor in Google, Yahoo, PayPal and LinkedIn. His personal fortune is estimated at well over $1 billion. Oxford University announced last Wednesday that he and his wife, the novelist Harriet Heyman, donated ￡75 million, or $115 million, to fund a new scholarship program aimed at providing financial aid to students from low-income backgrounds. Behind the headlines about the size of the gift was a family story of immigration, education and a sense of obligation that transcended generations.
“I grew up in Cardiff, went to an ordinary comprehensive school, and was the only pupil in my year to go to Oxbridge,” Mr. Moritz explained. “My father was plucked as a teenager from Nazi Germany and was able to attend a very good school in London on a scholarship.” In an interview afterward, Mr. Moritz said that his father, Alfred, had grown up in Munich, where his father was a judge who lost his post when the Nazis came to power. Mr. Moritz’s mother, Doris, was part of the kindertransport, a rescue effort that took about 9,300 unaccompanied, mostly Jewish children from Germany, Austria, Poland and Czechoslovakia to Britain shortly before the outbreak of World War Ⅱ. “ My father’s cousin, Fritz Ursell, was also rescued from terrible circumstances. When he came to Britain, he also benefited from scholarships, and grew up to become a member of the Royal Society,” said Mr. Moritz.
“It is all too easy not to remember, ” said Mr. Moritz, who has a history major and the editor of Isis, Oxford’s student literary magazine, as an undergraduate before completing an MBA at the Wharton School of University of Pennsylvania. In May, Mr. Moritz announced that he had been diagnosed with a rare medical condition which is incurable. But he preferred not to name the disease. “I felt I wanted to be my partners and with the public. But I didn’t want every ghoul on the internet following me.”
Charlotte Anderson, a second-year student studying German at Oxford and the first person in her family to go to a university, said that anxiety about taking on debt had nearly kept her from accepting the offer from the school. “it’s great to think that future students who follow me can do so without the fear that I went through.” She said while attending the news conference. Asked whether the university’s campaign to finance student scholarships through private donations rather than government funding meant that Oxford was giving up efforts to secure more public support, the university’s chancellor, Chris Patten, a former Conservative minister to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and John Major, joked that he was “ no longer allowed to have any political views.”

What’s the main idea of the passage? （ ）

A.How education can change a person’s life.
B.Oxford University welcomes the generosity of strangers.
C.An immigration family’s story of success.
D.large amount of private donation from an Oxford graduate.

资料：Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century.After writing many letters asking for admission （录取） to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. She was so determined that she taught school and gave music lessons to get money for the cost of schooling.
In 1849, after graduation from medical school, she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon （外科医生） , but a serious eye problem forced he r to give up the idea.
Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children Besides being the first woman physician and founding her won hospital, she also set up the first medical school for women.

According to the passage, all of the following are “firsts” in the life of Elizabeth Blackwell, except that she ________ .

A.was the first woman doctor
B.and several other women founded the first hospital for women children
C.became the first woman physician
D.set up the first medical school for women