问答题Practice 4　　Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.　　A sense of happiness and fulfillment, not personal gain, is the best motivation and reward for one’s achievements. Expecting a reward of wealth or

题目
问答题
Practice 4　　Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.　　A sense of happiness and fulfillment, not personal gain, is the best motivation and reward for one’s achievements. Expecting a reward of wealth or recognition for achieving a goal can lead to disappointment and frustration. If we want to be happy in what we do in life, we should not seek achievement for the sake of winning wealth and fame. The personal satisfaction of a job well done is its own reward.　　Assignment: Are people motivated to achieve by personal satisfaction rather than by money or fame? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.
相似考题

1.Which of the following is based on an individual identification with a more powerful person.A . expert powerB . reward powerC . referent powerD . A and B.E . A and C

2.Wealth,in this sense is not money,for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy:“goods”such as food and clothing,and“services”such as transport and entertainment.A country’s capacity to（ ）wealth is influenced by many factors,most of which have an effect on one another.A.control B.assemble C.yield D.benefit

3.Surprises______: three-season riverfront beach bars, nightlife that's among Europe's best, and low-rise______that reward wanderers who use the city's dozens of old steeples as compass points.A.abounds, charm B.abounds, charms C.abound, charm D.abound, charms

4.A good way to train an animal to do something quickly is to_____.A make the action easyB praise it in wordsC reward it with foodD weaken its motivation

参考答案和解析
正确答案： 【参考范文】
People are motivated by anything with which they equate the increasing of personal satisfaction, and this includes the incentives: money and fame. It would be a great oversight to assume that the two are substitutes for personal satisfaction, but fortune and glory need not be mutually exclusive from individual contentment. Rather, each person possesses a unique standard for achievement; some may strive to succeed in order to gain recognition, or to amass wealth, while others perform accomplishments in order to help the poor or needy, or to give back to society. Regardless of what the motivation is, every human action is aimed at increasing personal satisfaction.
According to the prompt, one ought to seek contentment through achievements without expecting external benefits or recognition, but this theory does not acknowledge the fact that many people in modern (and in past) societies associate fulfillment with the acquirement of material goods and prominence. Materialism and narcissism are behaviors that, when pervasive throughout a society, may erode social fabric and the spirit of humanity in communities. But the desire to achieve success so as to gain riches or fame does not necessarily need to be destructive, nor detrimental to the general population.
Take for example, Donald Trump—real estate tycoon, billionaire, reality-TV star, twice- divorced family man, published author, and many more titles. He began his career as a real estate developer in his father’s company after graduating from the Wharton School of Business, and successfully created a legacy that his son and daughter are continuing. Trump has been a billionaire since 2007, and his role on the reality TV show “The Apprentice” has increased his fame around the world. In his interviews and publications, Trump gives no indication of regretting his pursuit of fortune and glory, nor does he show any sign of slowing down the growth of the Trump empire. Contrary to what the prompt indicates, personal satisfaction may be intimately tied to the achievement of financial surplus and prestige. That is, thousands of people are motivated by money and fame, but for some, personal satisfaction is unattainable without the two because they believe that their happiness will be derived from reputation or treasure.
History is ripe with examples of every kind of motivator—fame, wealth, knowledge, peace, love, safety, etc. Alexander the Great pursued fame and power, President Roosevelt advocated international peace and domestic prosperity and Mother Theresa worked to improve children’s lives. But as Aristotle explained his Ethics, the pursuit of the “good” is wide and varied. Each man may believe that how he lives is the right path to achieving personal happiness. The banker believes he needs money to be happy, while the teacher finds disseminating knowledge to be fulfilling. Regardless of whether a path is correct or wrong, every person is motivated by the common factor of personal satisfaction.
解析： 暂无解析
更多“问答题Practice 4　　Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.　　A sense of happiness and fulfillment, not personal gain, is the best motivation and reward for one’s achievements. Expecting a reward of wealth or”相关问题

  • 第1题：

    共用题干
    第三篇

    Reading Poem

    No poem should ever be discussed or"analyzed",until it has been read aloud by someone, teacher or student.Better still,perhaps,is the practice of reading it twice,once at the beginning of the discussion and once at the end,so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears of it.
    All discussions of poetry are,in fact,preparations for reading it aloud,and the reading of the poem is,finally,the most telling"interpretation"of it,suggesting tone,rhythm, and meaning all at once.Hearing a poet read the work in his or her own voice,on records or on film,is obviously a special reward.But even those aids to teaching can not replace the student and teacher reading it or, best of all,reciting it.
    I have come to think,in fact,that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than"analyzing"it,if there isn't time for both.I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry.Poetry is"a criticism of life","a heightening of life,enjoyment with others".It is"an approach to the truth of feeling",and it"can save your life".It also deserves a place in the teaching of languages and literature more central than it presently occupies.
    I am not saying that every English teacher must teach poetry.Those who don't like it should not be forced to put that dislike on anyone else.But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few things about its essential nature,about its sound as well as its sense,and they must make room in
    the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it.

    According to the passage,to have a better understanding of a poem,the best way is______.
    A:to discuss it with others
    B:to analyze it by oneself
    C:to hear it read out
    D:to practice reading it aloud

    答案：D
    解析：
    第一段第一句强调朗读诗应置于讨论和“分析”诗歌之前，第二段第一句进一步说讨论诗都是为朗读做准备，并且朗读诗最终是对诗歌最生动有效的诊释。第三段第一句也强调朗读诗的重要性远大于“分析”诗。因此，朗读、讨论、分析三者比较，朗读诗是能够更好地理解诗的最好方式。
    第二段最后一句说即使教学辅助设备也无法取代学生和教师朗读诗，最好能够背诵。由此可以推断出背诵是理解诗的最好方式。
    第三段讲我认为作为英语教师，我们的目标之一是使学生热爱诗歌。所以答案是热爱诗。
    第三段最后一句说在语言和文学教学中，诗也理应占据比现在更重要的位置。所以应强调诗歌教学，应选A。注：" stress”是“强调”的意思。
    " make room for”本意是“为······腾出空位”。此处应理解为在课上安排时间聆听和思考诗歌，即“leave a certain amount of time”之意。

  • 第2题：

    问答题
    Practice 8　　You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.　　Write about the following topic:　　Some people think people have benefited from modern communications technology, but other people think some people have not benefited at all. To what extent do you agree or disagree?　　You should write at least 250 words.

    正确答案： 【参考范文】
    Daily communication tools make the distance between people shrink. There are various ways such as mobile phones, Facebook, Twitter and E-mail which changes our life from daily life to work style. As for the dramatic and rapid changes, people in all walks of life hold different opinions. Personally, it is a must to be tolerant of the new technological innovations.
    It is undeniable that all these high-tech tools can alienate the virtual interpersonal relationship that exists between people. If we want to tell somebody something, we do not have to really see him, and we can send a short message, a E-mail, or leave one on Facebook. Regardless of the convenience, face-to-face conversations are still one of the best ways to understand each other.
    High technologies provide us with more choices which can yield higher efficiency, which can be illustrated from three perspectives. Firstly, it is a useful time-saver for people greatly enjoy social life. Social network enable them to spare the trouble of heavy traffic in rush hours when they need to have contact with friends. Secondly, it is also a money-saver. Compared with the high cost of an official visit to someone or some place, chatting on-site or through telephone is much cheaper. If each company has an E-conference system, information sharing should never be a daydream in the era of information. Lastly, and most importantly, with the great help of new inventions, people may communicate with others without being limited to geographical difference. Namely, no matter where one stays, he or she can get in touch with people on the Internet at any time.
    In summary, modem technologies are excellent assistants of our life and work, so it is wise to accept them and make full use of them properly.
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第3题：

    问答题
    Practice 5　　Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.　　Nearly twenty years ago, President Ronald Reagan said to scientists and Nobel laureates, “You on the cutting edge of technology have already made yesterday’s impossibilities the commonplace realities of today.” In the same year, author C. P. Snow expressed a more ambivalent view: “Technology...brings you great gifts with one hand, and it stabs you in the back with the other.” (NY Times)　　Assignment: What is your opinion of the claim that the benefits of new technology always outweigh the costs? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.

    正确答案： 【参考范文】
    Over the last two decades, the world has become increasingly aware of environmental damage caused by technology and industrialization. There are various international non-profit agencies, such as Greenpeace, and lobbying movements that continue to protest against the destruction of nature. In response, many companies have changed their policies to become eco-friendly, and new techno- logy has shifted from adding pollution to the world to recycling and reusing energy and material. Of course, there are exceptions, but current technological innovations are increasingly beneficial to the environment and human lifestyles.
    Take for example, hybrid cars, which run on electricity and gas. When environmentalists began protesting against the massive amount of carbon emissions produced by oil-run transportation, car companies took note and began producing electric and hybrid automobiles. Now, Toyota, Honda, Ford, and GM, among other automakers produce such cars, and the Toyota Hybrid has become increasingly popular among green activists. The most popular hybrid car models produce less carbon emissions than the standard set by the Environmental Protection Agency. The relatively inexpensive price tag and reliability of hybrid car types also benefit consumers as well as the environment.
    Another new innovation that has proven its usefulness is the rapid transit system, more commonly called the subway or metro system. Almost every major city in the world now has one, and though this system was first created in the 19th century, recent advancements made to current systems have improved efficiency and simplified usage. For example, the Shanghai metro system has recently increased the number of lines running for the World Expo, adding dozens of miles of track and increasing mobility around the ever-developing city. This allows visitors and residents to easily navigate a metropolis, and commute from home to the office. The metro systems around the world also tend to be electrically run, which also lowers carbon emissions and fuel dependency. Riding the metro has also been simplified with public transportation cards that deduct fares easily with one swipe on a machine.
    Though transportation around the globe is still heavily reliant on oil and gas, new innovations increasingly abide by an eco-friendly mantra. Much of the world is very aware of the dirty footprint humans have left on nature, of the heavy damage construction and industry have wrought. Paired with new environmental protection standards and policies, technology and innovation will prove ever more advantageous to humans as well as the earth.
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第4题：

    问答题
    Practice 13　　Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.　　—In any contest between power and patience, bet on patience.　　—W.B, Prescott　　Assignment: Which is a more powerful force of social change: power or patience? Write an essay in which you answer this question and support your position logically with examples from literature, the arts, history, politics, science and technology, current events, or your experience or observation.

    正确答案： 【参考范文】
    Although the first two centuries of the American experiment have been characterized by the systematic disenfrachisement of African Americans, women, the destitute, and those from the wrong political party, democracy has slowly and patiently evolved and strengthened, not through military victories, but by patient commitment to an idea. Indeed, democracy is the antithesis of concentrated power. Yet, tragically, recent American leaders act as if it can be forced upon a people, in ignorance of the true history of their own democracy, and of the nature of democracy itself. They have come to believe that America, by dint of its relative success with democracy at home, has earned the right to exert its unbridled will throughout the world. They will fail because they do not understand the value of patience over power, of ideas over arms, of compassion over strategy. The patient commitment to true democracy will, in the long run, be more powerful than the strongest army on earth.
    The current war in Iraq was first proclaimed as a preemptive strike against terrorists in order to protect our homeland. When it was revealed beyond doubt that Iraq in fact posed no threat to us, our leaders re-cast the war as one to free Iraq and bring democracy to an oppressed people. But this could not possibly be so. Such proclamations express only the wishes of politicians, not human reality. Democracy is the patient triumph of ideas over might. It is a waging of words rather than a waging of war; it is a faith in humanity to choose what is right and good, not to force-feed a single-minded view down the throats of the masses.
    But, the neoconservatives say, our own freedom, our own democracy, was earned only through wars like the Revolutionary War, the Civil War and the World Wars. We must exert our power and perhaps spill the blood of our brave soldiers so that freedom will reign! But this is true only for one’s own freedom, not the freedom of others. Each people must earn its own freedom. No country on this earth will ever accept that it has been given democracy by an invading force. It’s story must belong to its people, just as the story of our freedom is our own.
    We have a long way to go before we understand democracy well enough to preach it to others, let alone force it down their throats. True leaders lead by example, not by force. When our leaders learn the true meaning of democracy well enough to live it, then they will have earned the right to speak it, and the world will follow their example. To reach that point, we need patient faith in an idea, not the powers of arms.
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第5题：

    问答题
    Practice 12　　Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.　　I have learned that success is to be measured not so,: much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which one has overcome while trying to succeed.　　—Booker T. Washington　　Assignment: Is the struggle endured to achieve success more important than the accomplishment itself? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.

    正确答案： 【参考范文】
    While overcoming obstacles can build character, I do not believe that such struggles are more important than the accomplishment itself. Struggles can help us learn and discover simpler paths toward success, but struggle is defined more by the pain it causes than by the lessons it teaches. We can see this in examining historic wars and modern heroes.
    Many films and novels praise the nobility of battle and the lessons learned in war. But the price paid by soldiers and innocent people significantly outweighs these lessons. In international disputes, success with- out conflict is far better than the triumph of war. By avoiding war, nations avoid the tragedy of lost lives as well as the economic hardships involved in rebuilding infrastructure and paying off debt.
    Many suggest that heroes like Lance Armstrong demonstrate the value of overcoming adversity. In the past seven years, Armstrong has overcome a battle with cancer to win an unprecedented seven straight championships at the Tour de France. His story has provided cancer patients with one of their most inspiring narratives. But as wonderful as those effects have been, Armstrong’s story would have been better if he had not been forced to overcome cancer. Armstrong is an exceptional athlete, and accomplished an astonishing feat that his illness should not eclipse. In fact, he was stricken by a very treatable form of cancer. Are we truly helping cancer patients by making them believe that all cancer treatment can be easily scheduled between training runs? No. His story may help aspiring cyclists far more than it helps patients facing months of painful chemotherapy.
    Another interesting example is Alice Sebold, a writer who has overcome a traumatic rape she suffered in college. It’s difficult to overstate the magnitude of her struggles in overcoming this violation to write two beautifully crafted works, The Lovely Bones and Lucky. Although her battles undeniably helped to craft her work, her status as a writer is unrelated to her status as a victim. Without such pain in her life, I believe that she would have created different, but equally powerful stories. Artists suffer enough by being able to see so deeply into the human condition; literature is not served any better when its greatest writers are subjected to torture. Stories of success despite adversity are well rep- resented in books, films, and even daily newscasts. They inspire us by showing triumphs of the human spirit. The danger here, however, is in using these struggles as a crutch, depersonalizing adversity in an effort to feel less afraid of our own difficulties. There is nothing wrong with feeling inspired by a story of overcome obstacles and suggesting that struggle builds character. But it is the accomplishments themselves that represent success, not the struggle. Success without wounds leaves room for greater happiness, fewer losses, and better health.
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第6题：

    问答题
    Practice 8　　Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.　　We must seriously question the idea of majority rule. The majority grinned and jeered when Columbus said the world was round. The majority threw him into a dungeon for his discoveries. Where is the logic in the notion that the opinion held by a majority of people should have the power to influence our decisions?　　Adapted from James A. Reed, Majority Rule　　Assignment: Is the opinion of the majority—in government or in any other circumstances—a poor guide? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observation.

    正确答案： 【参考范文】
    “There is safety in numbers.” This old saying illustrates how comforting it can be to know that the majority is on your side and that you are not alone in your endeavor. When you are attempting to climb a mountain, or explore a hidden cave, or maneuver a football down field for a score, you certainly want a majority of your comrades to be there with you, urging you on and assisting in your quest. But when it comes to making important decisions, whether in your private or public life, a simple majority vote will not always be your best guide; indeed, in many cases, the majority may very well be wrong.
    Take the case of an intelligent high school student who wants to be popular with her classmates. She could decide to be true to herself and join the other equally intelligent students who comprise the “nerd” minority at her school. But most likely she will be more attracted to the styles and behaviors of the majority—those students who think studying is for geeks, who are more concerned about the latest fashions than the latest ideas, and who may very well encourage her to experiment with drinking and drugs. The pressure of the peer majority is often irresistible.
    Consider also the reaction of the majority of people to unfamiliar or suspicious behavior. A majority of people living in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692 decided that 19 men and women were practicing witchcraft (based on the testimony of a few mean-spirited and histrionic girls) and carried them off to the gallows to be hanged. When Galileo dared to suggest (based on his factual observations) that the earth was NOT the center of the universe, a majority of Catholic Church fathers accused him of heresy.
    Lastly, when it comes to the concept of “majority rule” in governmental institutions, how often have the results been skewed by the majority’s inability to think rationally and act reasonably? Average Germans in the 1930s gave their support to a new leader who they thought would lead them out of the economic bankruptcy caused by World War I. A majority voted for Adolf Hitler. Tyrants do not always take control of their countries by themselves; often they are elected by the very people they will later persecute. Yes, there may be “safety” in numbers, but there is no guarantee they will be fight.
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第7题：

    问答题
    题目要求：　　The essay gives you an opportunity to show how effectively you can develop and express ideas. You should, therefore, take care to develop your point of view, present your ideas logically and clearly, and use language precisely.　　Your essay must be written on the lines provided on your answer sheet—you will receive no other paper on which to write. You will have enough space if you write on every line, avoid wide margins, and keep your handwriting to a reasonable size. Remember that people who are not familiar with your handwriting will read what you write. Try to write or print so that what you are writing is legible to those readers.　　Important Reminders:　　·A pencil is required for the essay. An essay written in ink will receive a score of zero.　　·Do not write your essay in your test book. You will receive credit only for what you write on your answer sheet.　　·An off-topic essay will receive a score of zero.　　·If your essay does not reflect your original and individual work, your test scores maybe canceled.　　You have twenty-five minutes to write an essay on the topic assigned below.Practice 1　　Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.　　The liberally educated person is one who is able to resist the easy and preferred answers, not because he is obstinate but because he knows others worthy of Consideration.　　—Allan Bloom　　Assignment: What is one important easy and preferred answer that we should resist? That is, what dangerous misconception do people commonly hold? Write an essay in which you answer this question and support your position logically with examples from literature, the arts, history, politics, science and technology, current events, or your experience or observation.

    正确答案： 【参考范文】
    One of the most dangerous misconceptions that people hold today is the idea that our enemies are fundamentally different from us. It is easy, to a certain extent, to understand how such a belief comes about. Most human societies must kill in order to survive, but must at the same time prohibit particular kinds of killing. Throughout our history, humans have been meat-eaters, and so must kill and eat animals in order to thrive (the minority of vegetarians notwithstanding). Also, societies must often defend themselves against violent enemies, necessitating the occasional use of deadly force. On the other hand, civilized societies must prohibit most killing within their own ranks, so that their populations do not die out or suffer needlessly.
    So how do humans deal with this dichotomy: the need to kill, at least occasionally, to survive, and the need to prohibit killing within its ranks? Simply, humans have developed the concepts of us and them. It is okay to kill and eat animals because they do not have the value of humans. Perhaps, too, a society may justify the killing of animals by adopting a belief system that says that animals are gifts to humans from a divine being or beings.
    In much the same way, humans are inclined to put their enemies in the category of other, that is, less than human, or to believe that a divine being has given them permission to kill those enemies. Paradoxically, those religious systems are also very likely to have severe restrictions against killing other human beings. In practice, most cultures regard these as restrictions merely against killing their own kind. However, this type of thinking is counterproductive to the goal of building more just and functional societies. If one society can easily categorize another as an enemy and thereby reduce its foes to the status of animal, then the concept of universal human rights is abolished.
    We see the dangers inherent in denying the humanity of our enemies in the United States today. Although the American Constitution champions the concept of inalienable rights that are due to all human beings, the United States Senate is actively engaged in undermining those rights. The right of habeas corpus, that is, the right of a person in custody to seek a hearing to determine whether or not he or she is being held justly, is a cornerstone of the United States Constitution. It is regarded as a fundamental element of a just society. Yet the Senate is seeking to eliminate that right for foreign detainees captured in the war on terror. In other words, the mere suspicion of terrorism—not proof, but suspicion—is evidently reason enough to reduce a human being to the status of an animal. This heinous distinction of us versus them will surely have dire consequences for the United States, who will rightfully be seen as being grossly hypocritical on the matter of human rights.
    Even beyond the trampling of human rights, the us versus them distinction is not even as useful in wartime as it may seem at first glance, because to defeat our enemy, we must understand our enemy. If we begin with the assumption that your enemy lacks human intelligence, desires and motivations, then we risk severely underestimating his ability. Therefore, if the United States continues down this dangerous path, it runs the risk of losing not only the moral war but the actual war.
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第8题：

    问答题
    Practice 4　　The interview—about 3 minutes　　In this part, the examiner asks questions to each of the candidates in turn. You have to give information about yourself and express personal opinions.

    正确答案： 【参考范例】
    (C=Candidate, E=Examiner)
    E: Should firms train their employees?
    C: Yes. Actually training employees will ultimately benefit the firms because training can make staff more productive and as a result they will make few mistakes. Perhaps employees will be motivated to undertake more work since receiving training makes them think that they are valued. At the same time, their esteem will be satisfied.
    E: How does a company maintain the interest of customers in products?
    C: First, the company should provide customers with quality goods and excellent after-sale services. Second, enough emphasis should be put on the feedback from customers and take prompt action to satisfy their needs and demands. Third, some incentives may be provided to old customers, depending on the situation.
    E: What actions should you take when dealing with complaints from clients?
    C: Well, first of all, make an sincere apology. Whatever the causes, the company must show its sincerity in resolving the problems to their customers. An unapologetic attitude on the part of the firm would only intensify the negative opinion of the customers.
    E: Why is an efficient public transport system so important?
    C: Transportation is the first consideration if any distribution of products from producers to wholesalers or from wholesalers to retailers is to be done. The transportation cost of some products may even exceed the production cost. The cost can be reduced by using an efficient form of transportation, which also means higher profits for the firm. For each form of transportation, its timing, cost and availability should be estimated before making any decision. This assessment will ensure an optimal method of transportation for the firm.
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第9题：

    问答题
    Practice 11　　Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.　　It is easy to make judgments about people and their actions when we do not know anything about their circumstances or what motivated them to take those actions. But we should look beyond a person’s actions. When people do things that we consider outrageous, inconsiderate, or harmful, we should try to understand why they acted as they did.　　Assignment: Is it important to try to understand people’s motivations before judging their actions? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observation.

    正确答案： 【参考范文】
    Why do people do the things they do? Sometimes it’s not that difficult to understand a person’s motivation; A father may choose to work a second job, which may take him away from his family for long periods of time. He doesn’t want to be an absent father, but he believes that his actions will eventually benefit his family. He is motivated by his love for his wife and children. A mother may choose to forego buying herself new clothes or jewelry so that she can be sure her children have enough to eat, nice clothes, and toys. Her motivation is also her love of her family. But when it comes to people whose motivations are a mystery to us, it is always important to try and decipher their feelings so as to help them (or keep them from hurting anyone else).
    What motivates certain people to kill? If we can answer that question, we may be able to identify such inclinations in others and so prevent them from acting out their anger. For surely it is anger that frequently leads to violence. A political assassin, for example, is typically infuriated by the way his country is being run by the current leaders. If there had been some way to know how outraged Lee Harvey Oswald was, or SirhanSirhan, or James Earl Ray, there might have been some way to prevent the deaths of John Kennedy, Bobby Kennedy, and Martin Luther King, Jr. If only someone had been able to gain some insight into the workings of Timothy McVeigh’s maddened mind, the tragedy of Oklahoma City in 1995 might have been averted.
    In other cases, it is not anger, necessarily, but more likely despair that motivates people to commit desperate acts. In 1995, Susan Smith was convicted of the unspeakable act of drowning her two young sons by rolling her car into a lake with them strapped inside. Later, authorities found out that she herself had had a terrible childhood (she was regularly molested by her stepfather) and twice had tried to commit suicide. If anyone could have understood this tormented woman’s mentality, those two little boys might have been saved.
    It is easy to condemn a person for committing a despicable act. It is much harder to discover what their motivation was for acting in such a tragic way, but it is worth the effort.
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第10题：

    问答题
    Practice 2　　Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.　　Being truly human as a member of a society means seeing injustice and working to fix it. The human mind is endowed with not only the ability to perceive the world and act instinctively, but to visualize a better future and endeavor to realize it.　　Assignment: What is one great injustice in the world, and how should it be addresed? Write an essay in which you answer this question and explain the reasons for your choice. You may draw inspiration and support from literature, the arts, history, politics, science and technology, current events, or your experience or observation.

    正确答案： 【参考范文】
    One great in justice that has not been adequately addressed is the perception that depression is a sign of weakness. The human mind is a complex puzzle. Psychological theories, diagnoses and treatment are constantly changing and may never be fully understood. Unfortunately, people tend to dismiss theories that don’t provide simple answers.
    At best, psychologists can create a rough map of tendencies and patterns, connecting them as often as possible to findings in neurology and thus lending them a sense of scientific validity, . Diagnosing a complex disease like depression involves examining a wide constellation of symptoms over a long period of time. This doesn’t satisfy skeptics. Someone with the flu will show clear symptoms like fever, nausea, and congestion. A depressed person will have less measurable symptoms like lethargy, emotional polarity or apathy. Skeptics tend to view these as simply a lack of will. They do not understand that depression is an illness just like influenza or cancer. Someone with a tumor can’t just think happy thoughts and pretend it is not there. The same can be said about clinical depression.
    People suffering from depression are unfairly stigmatized. They resist seeking help and so lead lives filled with unnecessary pain. Those lucky enough to find help are often ashamed to tell their peers. Friends often misconstrue symptoms of depression as personal slights. . Why didn’t she call me? Why is he not fun anymore? Bonds are thus broken due to miscommunication.
    Depression alters one’s life at least as dramatically as more “accepted” illnesses do. People suffering from depression need others to understand the limitations deprssion imposes. They need to be allowed to heal. Advances in anti-depresents and mood stabilizers can help ease these adjustments, but social pressure makes it nearly impossible for the victims of depression to live in a suitable environment.
    Emotional disorders are a remarkably sad facet of life. To lose control over one’s emotions is to lose track of hope. A world that denies one’s suffering makes this situation even worse. The key to resolving this problem is education. People of all ages need to understand how prevalent depression is and that it is not a cause for embarrassment. Hopefully, we will one day live in a world where emotional disorders will be treated with the same tolerance and compassion as “traditional” illnesses.
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第11题：

    问答题
    Practice 3　　Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.　　Many among us like to blame violence and immorality in the media for a decline immortals in society: Yet these people seem to have lost touch with logic. Any objective examination shows that our society is far less violent or exploitative than virtually any society in the past. Early humans murdered and enslaved each other with astonishing regularity, without the help of gangster rap or Jerry Bruckheimer films.　　Assignment: Do violence and immorality in the media make our society more dangerous and immoral? Write an essay in which you answer this question and discuss your point of view on this issue. Support your position logically with examples from literature, the arts, history, politics, science and technology, current events, or your experience or observation.

    正确答案： 【参考范文】
    One of the most misguided notions of conventional wisdom is that depicting violence in the media makes our society more violent. A close examination shows that this claim is baseless. Societies with severe restrictions on violence in the media tend to be more, not less, violent than those with no such restrictions. Indeed, despite the popular myth of a more peaceful past, societies were far more violent before the advent of movies, television, and video games. Societies that restrict access to immoral western movies are the same ones that call their citizens to violent and irrational holy war. As Michael Moore pointed out poignantly in the movie Bowling for Columbine, Americans kill each other with firearms at a far greater rate than al- most any other first-world nation. But he is quick to point out that our media is not more violent than those in Japan or Germany or even Canada, which have rates of violence that are a full order of magnitude lower than ours. Indeed, the killers among us are not likely to spend a lot of time listening to Marilyn Manson or playing Mortal Kombat on their Play- stations, despite what our more nearsighted and sanctimonious politicians and preachers would like us to believe. Ted Kaczynski, the Unabomber, lived in a one-room shack without electricity or running water, let alone cable. But even if murderers like Kaczynski were video game addicts, attributing their motives to media violence would be missing the point entirely. People who are habitually violent have adopted a war mentality. They tend to see the world in black- and-white, us-against-them terms. Tragically, our leaders tend to have this very same mentality, but they couch it in patriotism. Lobbing cruise missiles and landing marines in another country is not considered a horrible last resort, but a patriotic duty. If we wish to understand why Americans are more violent than the Japanese, violence in the media will hold no answers; Japanese kids watch just as much violence. Foreign policy is far more telling: which country has leaders who engage in violence against other countries at every opportunity, and constantly try to convince us that it’s right? If our pundits and politicians were truly concerned about making a safer world—and there are many reasons to believe they are not, since they profit the most from a fearful citizenry—they would begin by acknowledging that violence is almost a desperate grab for control from a person or people who believe they are being repressed. If we want a more peaceful and noble society, then we will stop coercing other countries with violence and economic oppression. As Franklin Roosevelt said, We have nothing to fear but fear itself. We are the most fearful nation on the planet, and we are paying for it.
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第12题：

    问答题
    Practice 1　　You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.　　Write about the following topic:　　Some teachers think it is effective for students to study in a group while others think it is better to study alone. What are the benefits of each study method and which one do you think is more effective?　　You should write at least 250 words.

    正确答案： 【参考范文】
    As for choosing a better way of learning, some people believe that group learning is efficient in many aspects, while, others, on the contrary, think that individual learning can be give big harvests. Personally, both sides of the issue should be taken into consideration as follows.
    The benefits of teamwork can be illustrated from two aspects: For one thing, the solidarity and power of a team can not be compared with by only an individual, which makes it possible the accomplishment of more advanced and tougher missions And at the same time, one can learn the good points which they do not have from their partners. For the other thing, it is also significant for people to improve their communicative skills in learning and social activities. Apparently, interpersonal relationships are among the most important ones in people's daily activities. At the same time, group learning means more people are sharing the fees, which can lower the ecomic burden of students. Anyhow, abtaining an equal chance to pursue education is of fundamental importance.
    When it comes to learning individually, however, also two main benefits should be manifested: Firstly, it cultivates one's independence step by step. In other words, one tries to explore what he wants to learn through learning and thinking individually. Moreover, if one has to accomplish a project all by himself, it will be definitely necessary for him to devote himself to studying without any disruptions. With preoccupation, he may discover something new, besides discovering knowledge already existing, which is superior to group learning.
    To sum up, both group and individual learning are essential to students. The ways vary from person to person based on one’s own demands and desires of learning. To solve this problem more efficiently and effectively, governments and experts should consider over this issue more insightfully and prudently.
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第13题：

    问答题
    Practice 4　　 (The candidate chooses one topic and speaks about it for one minute.)　　A　Motivation: the importance of motivating staff at all levels of a company　　B　Financial Management: how to achieve savings on production costs.　　C　Communication: the factors involved in determining staff access to confidential information.

    正确答案： 【参考范例】
    If you chose A: (two possible answers)
    a. It is very important to motivate staff at all levels of a company. The principle of motivation is to make sure that the work is interesting, challenging, and satisfying for the individual worker. To most employees, it is not sufficient to only have material rewards such as pay. So employer must try his best to motivate his staff. We all know that staff members working in high mood, and taking great satisfaction from their work will provide customers with good products and service. Consequently, the customers will be satisfied with the goods and service. To a large extent, business depends on good customer relations. Good customer relation will transfer into retention of a great number of loyal customers. As is known to all, loyal customers will take good care of your business.
    b. Like an adage goes, “Nothing happens until someone sells something.”, which emphasizes a very important point to any business or institution, though taken literally it may be misleading or even untrue. As a matter of fact, many activities should happen before “someone sells some- thing”. You will have a lot of things to do, among which is to motivate staff, since you will need staff to do a lot of things, for instance market research, production of inventory, transportation to warehouses, purchasing of raw materials, financing of inventory, promotion and so on. Their good service will provide individual consumer with pleasure, and make them happy. Once you know how to motivate staff, you are certain to succeed.
    If you chose B: (three possible answers)
    a. The fundamental reason of business failure lies in poor management. It is possible that business difficulties are caused by the poor quality of management that is by internal factors and by factors external to the firm. The poorly operated business will fail, while the well managed will succeed. In order to achieve savings on production costs, there are some things that you need to know, which includes location, excessive competition, and difficulties in respect to receivables and inventory, and inadequate sales. If its management is aware of its environment, alert, resourceful, and flexible, the individual business can adapt to the constant changes in dynamic economy and survive.
    b. In order to achieve savings on production costs, market research has to be conducted first and then a strategic plan needs to be made. The development of a sales forecast is significant to the planning of any business. With sales forecast in hand, all the costs of the business can as well be forecast according to knowledge of the way the sales are generated (the market plan). Given the income and costs generated by the sales forecast, then a financial plan can be prepared. Selecting location is also important. When selecting your location, you should make your first marketing decision, which requires your knowledge of three things: your product or service; its users (potential customers), and your competitors.
    c. If you want to achieve savings on production costs, you must understand strategic cost management. Today’s business objectives have three aspects: to make profits, to beat competition, and to delight customers. You must accomplish the third so as to achieve the first two objectives. However, traditional cost-management techniques focused on the first objective only by minimizing cost without consideration of the effects on customers. Cost management means far more than cost cutting. Good cost management should be forward looking. Although you still need to look backward, the more you look forward to target costs and manage operations to meet cost goals, the less you will need to look backward to find out where costs went awry. And thus you should avoid the trap of trying to account costs out after the fact, instead of designing lower costs in ahead the fact.
    If you chose C: (two possible answers)
    a. Several factors are involved in determining staff access to confidential information. First of all, you need to make sure what kind of information is confidential. It is only the classified information or documents that need to be kept secret. Secondly, make sure who needs confidential information. Only those directly relating to the subject or problem under discussion or consideration can access the relevant information. Thirdly, you need to make sure the reason why they shall have access to information, which is limited to senior management or certain person. Is it necessary to give him/her the secret information? Finally, you need to be sure of the way the confidential information is used.
    b. It is very vital to make sure those who have access to confidential information have signed a confidentiality undertaking—that is, a document promising not to make confidential information public. You don’t like to see a potential buyer use this confidential information either in the course of negotiations or after negotiations have broken down. Since many confidentiality letters have no legal value, taking appropriate advice is recommended. You should’ also take into consideration your strategy for informing your staff of the proposed sale. Most business owners would like to keep the sale secret from their employees until the deal has been completed or at least until negotiations are fairly advanced. However, this can be difficult and if staff finds out about the sale they will be unsettled. In addition, you will have to produce a tremendous amount of information about the business and its running, for which you will need the cooperation of senior management, who will therefore need to be informed of the sale.
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第14题：

    问答题
    Practice 6　　● You are the line manager in a large company. You have been informed that your marketing manager had an outstanding performance and deserved a reward.　　● Write a memo to him:　　● informing him about the reward　　● explaining why the reward is given　　● saying what the reward is going to be　　● Write 40-50 words.

    正确答案： 【参考范文】
    MEMO
    To:
    From:
    Date:
    Subject:
    To: Marketing manger
    From: The line manager
    Date: 7 January
    Subject:
    I am obliged to announce that there will be a reward for you. Thanks to you excellent work, our company has seen a remarkable raise in sales, since you took up the post as the marketing manager. So, you are getting a bonus of 12,000 dollars Keep with the good performance record, more rewards will go to you. Enjoy!
    Thank you.
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第15题：

    问答题
    Practice 3　　You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.　　Write about the following topic:　　Happiness is considered very important in life. Why is it difficult to define? What factors are important in achieving happiness?　　You should write at least 250 words.

    正确答案： 【参考范文】
    Throughout the history of human being, people are always pursuing happiness while nobody can give a definition nor can a consensus be achieved. Generally, happiness consists of two levels: material level and spiritual level. As far as I am concerned, spiritual happiness can bring people with greater satisfaction.
    To begin with, being happy is not a mood under certain circumstances, but a person with a certain set of attitudes. It is difficult for anyone to get what he wants without a great deal of effort. After making great and arduous effort, even if the target is achieved as expectation, there is nothing left but suffering and pain, because he amplifies the efforts rather than emphasizes the harvests. To reach the happiness they seek, however, the only thing people should do is to change their attitude toward happiness, and the way they look at the world around them.
    Moreover, happiness is not what people are born with but what people take action to get. Many people seek their unique happiness through imagination and daydreams. Obviously, everyone fantasies sometimes. But, without actions, no one can come close to finding the happiness he seeks. Happiness and bliss cannot be found merely through unrealistic envision, but must be sought through actions, through doing.
    To sum up, although we say that happiness is rooted in optimistic attitudes, it can never be achieved without any effort. It arises spontaneously from within as small goals are reached.
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第16题：

    问答题
    Practice 7　　Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.　　Prudence shall be our guiding principle. When faced with a conflict, or a divergent path in the course of life, we shall always make caution our ally. Recklessness and rash action lead not to fruitfulness, but only to regret at the haste of our decisions. Often times, people ask me how I have been so successful in business. “Everything you touch turns to gold,” they say. “What’s your secret?” they wonder. When I reflect on my decisions, I realize that the key to my success is nothing more than simple opportunism. When I saw an opening, I jumped at it. While everyone else was standing still, agonizing over the correct course of action, I went in feet first, with no hesitation. That is the key to my Success.　　Assignment: Consider the two contrasting statements above. Which best reflects your view on life? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.

    正确答案： 【参考范文】
    I have always believed that when opportunity knocks, one should answer the door. There are two main reasons behind this way of thinking: the first, opportunities could pass us by and never occur again; and the second, no matter how hard working one is, a lucky break may lead to the success one has been dreaming of. This is not the same as recklessly jumping into any plan of action that presents itself. Rather, by weighing possible outcomes, positive prospects should be easily detected.
    My older sister, Elise, attended Georgetown University in Washington, DC a few years ago. Though she liked the campus, her classes, fellow students, and even the city, Elise rarely ever left the neighborhood of Georgetown to explore DC. Over the semesters and summer holidays, my sister never applied for a single internship with the various powerful institutions and companies in DC, including the congressional offices. Upon graduation, Elise found herself with a small copy editing job at a start-up newspaper in Portland, Oregon. She realized a few months before graduating that her interests were in public service, but possessed absolutely no experience in the field. Elise realized that she had lived in the political and public sector apex in the nation for four years, and never taken advantage of personal contacts in DC or Georgetown to build future connections and job prospects. My sister’s story has been a warning to me, not only to make use of every opportunity I know of, but also to seek out ones that are not obvious.
    Another family member’s experience also taught me the importance of chance prospects play in success. My father had tried for years to be hired as a teacher at a local private school. Though he applied multiple times over a decade, hoping to earn the coveted and well-paid position of head of biology, the school always informed him that there were no vacancies. He had all but given up on teaching and decided to pursue a research position when, out of the blue, my dad decided to attend a job fair in a nearby town, and ran into the principal of the private school, who informed him of an opening. Despite the possibility of attaining a biochemistry research position, my father attended two interviews with the school, and after one week, my father was finally hired. His experience reminds me of the importance of persistence, but equally as necessary, the significance of knowing when to rely on lucky opportunities for success.
    Ambitious people require more than perseverance, talent, and knowledge to achieve their goals. Opportunity is an underrated, not often talked about factor in success, but almost every successful person will admit that luck has played a positive role at some point in his life.
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第17题：

    问答题
    Practice 9　　Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.　　How valuable is history for our generation? On the surface this question is not as easy as it once might have been, for there is a widespread belief that history may no longer be relevant to modem life. We live, after all, in an age that appears very different from the world that came before us.　　Adapted from Stephen Vaughn, History: Is It Relevant?　　Assignment: Is knowledge of the past no longer useful for us today? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.

    正确答案： 【参考范文】
    According to the famous aphorism, those who forget the past are doomed to repeat it, and this is often cited in discussions about the usefulness of history. The utility of history is commonly seen as its predictive value: knowledge of the past and how particular events unfolded is useful because it enables us to predict the outcome of similar events in the present and avoid making the same mistakes as others. This might be true when the circumstances are broadly similar, but nowadays technology is advancing so rapidly that it is constantly creating totally new circumstances.
    In the last 10 years, developments in technology have fundamentally changed the way we live and interact with others, and theorists have highlighted the lack of integration between the past and the present. Lyotard and others have claimed that modernity, which began with the Industrial Revolution, ended in the 1980s and we are experiencing a postmodern condition in which modern concepts like truth and progress have become obsolete. Some other scholars, like Aug,, claim that we are experiencing hypermodernity, a condition characterized by a deepening faith in the power of science and technology.
    Whether we choose to describe the current condition as modern, postmodern, or hypermodern, it is undeniable that the present circumstances generate a context that is fundamentally different to anything before. However, this does not mean that knowledge of the past has become useless. History has never been a particularly reliable guide to the future because circumstances are always unique. The real value of knowledge of the past lies not in predicting the future but in understanding the present. The past causes the present, and so it causes the future, and in order to understand why anything has happened we have to look for factors that took shape earlier.
    All the problems in the modern world, like the India-Pakistan conflict or the relationship between the Islamic world and the West, have complex historical origins. We cannot understand the context if we do not know the history, and if we do not understand the context then we cannot resolve them. Constant change is the defining feature of the contemporary world, which means it is more important than ever to understand change. Only through studying history can we grasp how things change and only through history can we begin to comprehend the factors that cause change. In these circumstances, knowledge of the past is more important than ever.
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第18题：

    单选题
    During the interview
    A

    you may need to think carefully about how to answer questions.

    B

    some tricky questions concern the personal life of the candidate.

    C

    the interviewee must put him or herself in the best light.

    D

    you should not talk about your rights.


    正确答案： B
    解析：
    最后一段提到“Be on the lookout for tricky questions about your personal life.”，由此可知面试官可能会在面试过程中向面试者提一些有关个人的棘手问题，故选B。

  • 第19题：

    单选题
    If one gets the meaning of the true sense of happiness, he will _____.
    A

    stop playing games and joking with others

    B

    make the best use of his time increasing happiness

    C

    give a free hand to money

    D

    keep himself with his family


    正确答案： D
    解析：
    最后一段第二句：It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness告诉读者，一旦认识到乐趣和幸福的不同，我们就会腾出更多的时间去做一些能够增加幸福指数的事情。

  • 第20题：

    问答题
    Practice 6　　Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.　　Akira Kurosawa’s film masterpiece Rashomon portrays several people who have witnessed a death. As each observer recounts the event as he or she witnessed it, we come to realize that each person’s story varies greatly from every other account. Watching the movie, we reflect the truth of an experience—and perhaps all truth—is different for each person.　　Assignment: What is your opinion of the claim that truth is not objective, but rather is determined by each individual? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.

    正确答案： 【参考范文】
    The difference between perspective and truth is that perspective originates from an individual. Each person possesses a unique outlook on life, but truth, by definition, must be the same for every individual. The law of gravity cannot be challenged, nor are there any exceptions to it because it applies to everything on Earth. Similarly, our actions cannot, and do not, affect the truth because it exists outside the realm of our control.
    Platonic idealism holds that ideals exist outside the realm of the physical. That is the idea of what an object is (its definition) cannot be found in the human word. For example, if we look at the definition of a ball, it may say that a ball is a spherical object of fully rounded shape, with no angles, that contains radii of entirely equal lengths spanning out from a central point. Yet there are many different types of balls, including basketballs, baseballs, cricket balls, and so on. So even though many objects fit this definition of a ball, the “ideal,” or the truth of what a ball is, only exists in words, not in reality. Hence, we must conclude that an objective understanding of “ball” exists, as every person understands it.
    Events may be objectively understood as well. Though every person may see differently from his own eyes, due to differences in backgrounds and desires, impartial facts are immutable. For example, the Agatha Christie novel, Murder on the Orient Express, is a classic whodunit mystery that requires one detective to sort through twelve suspects in a murder case to find the true killer of a Mr. Ratchett. Detective Poirot is given the task of catching the true killer by sorting through various, sometimes conflicting, alibis and motives. Though he is given twelve different narratives from his suspects, Poirot eventually brilliantly pieces together the objective events to find the truth on who kills Mr. Ratchett. Therefore, regardless of what subjective stories may exist in the world, an objective truth always exists.
    There is a famous saying that says one cannot judge another person until one has walked a mile in that person’s shoes. Human perceptions vary tremendously from person to person, but in order to separate the objective from the subjective, we must step outside the world of opinion, and review facts. What is true cannot be debated; it can only be described by words.
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第21题：

    问答题
    Practice 8　　● You are the Managing Director of a company whose profits have recently increased and you would like to reward staff for this.　　● Write an email to all staff:　　● thanking them for their contribution　　● explaining why profits increased　　● telling them what their reward will be.　　● Write 40-50 words.

    正确答案： 【参考范文】
    To: All Staff
    From: Bill Bush
    Date: 7th December 2002
    Subject: Staff Reward
    Because of your hard work and long working hours, the profits of our company this month increased by 10% compared with the same period last year. I would like to thank you for your long devoted work. A party hold at the Grand hotel has been arranged tomorrow as a prize.
    Enjoy!
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第22题：

    单选题
    An administrator is concerned about users utilizing the company's wireless signal with their personal laptops. Which of the following is the BEST method to use to prevent unauthorized devices from using the company's wireless network?（）
    A

    Secure VPN

    B

    MAC filtering

    C

    IP filtering

    D

    Static IP addresses


    正确答案： C
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第23题：

    单选题
    The author tries to say that telling it all may ______.
    A

    bring about undesirable consequences

    B

    result in constructive communication

    C

    help correct one’s shortcomings

    D

    lead to great joy and fulfillment


    正确答案： B
    解析：
    推理题。由第五段 “I must admit we’ve come to the conclusion that some things are better left unsaid.” 可知，作者认为有些事情还是不要说出来的好，因为可能会像上面的母子俩一样引起不好的结果，故选A。

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