单选题The commitment (line 26) consists of Holden's dedication to ______.A prodigal behaviorB changing the social orderC moral self-improvementD becoming more productiveE accepting the standards of society
题目
单选题
The commitment (line 26) consists of Holden's dedication to ______.
A
prodigal behavior
B
changing the social order
C
moral self-improvement
D
becoming more productive
E
accepting the standards of society
相似考题
更多“单选题The commitment (line 26) consists of Holden's dedication to ______.A prodigal behaviorB changing the social orderC moral self-improvementD becoming more productiveE accepting the standards of society”相关问题
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第1题：
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to protnote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.
In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
?Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite similar in many ways because__________.A.people there have got so accustomed to their conditions that they seldom think it necessary to change
B.people there have identical needs that can be satisfied without much difficulty
C.people there are easy to please
D.people there are less disputed答案：A解析：由第一段最后一句“although conditions may not be satisfactory，they are at least customary and undisputed”可知答案为A，此选项是对原文的同义转述。 -
第2题：
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to protnote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.
In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
The passage is mainly discussing__________.A.certain factors that determine the ease with which social changes occur
B.certain factors that promote social change
C.the necessity of social change
D.two different societies答案：A解析：全文共三段，根据每段的第一句“Social change is more likely to occur in societies…”，“Wi“n a society，social changes is also likely to occur more frequenfly and more readily in…”和“Furthermore，social change is easier if it is gradual”可知，本文讲的不是哪些因素能推动社会变革，而是哪些因素使社会变革 更容易发生，因此选A。 -
第3题：
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways． The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society． There are more ideas,more disagreements in interest,and more groups and organizations with different beliefs． In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies． All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision． In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seetns to be the same． And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed．
Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic mad less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites ; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements．
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual． For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference． This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts．
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society．A. Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society．
B. Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow down social change．
C. Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society．
D. Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young．答案：B解析：根据第二段“social changes is also likely to occur more frequentry and more readily in the material aspects…in what has been leamed later in life rather than what was learned early．in the less basic and less emotional aspectsof societythanintheir opposites”可知A、C、D项都正确．而由第一段最后一句可知，不同的观点以及对现状不满可以加速社会变革．因此B项错误。 -
第4题：
The expression "greater tolerance" (Para.1) refers to__________.A.greater willingness to accept social change
B.quicker adaptation to changing circumstances
C.more respect for different beliefs and behavior
D.greater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas答案：C解析：由第一段以及常识可知，社会容忍度指的是对不同观点、信仰、行为等的尊重。 -
第5题：
Text 4 The great recession may be over,but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning.Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults.And ultimately,it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture,and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster.Many said that unemployment,while extremely painful,had improved them in some ways:they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent;they were more aware of the struggles of others.In limited respects,perhaps the recession will leave society better off.At the very least,it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses,and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part,these benefits seem thin,uncertain,and far off.In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth,the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U．S.,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more meanspirited and less inclusive,and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms.Antiimmigrant sentiment typically increases,as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession,but it has not shrunk in this one.Indeed,this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides,and decrease opportunities to cross them—especially for young people.The research of Till Von Wachter,the economic at Columbia University,suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed:those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times;it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the Internet age,it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society.More difficult,in the moment,is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society's character.In many respects,the U.S.was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history,and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results.We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric.But they certainly will reshape it,and all the more so the longer they extend.
By saying“to find silver linings”（Line 1,Para.2）the author suggests that the jobless try to_____A.seek subsidies from the government
B.explore reasons for the unemployment
C.make profits from the troubled economy
D.look on the bright side of the recession答案：D解析：含义题【命题思路】这是一道词义理解题，需要对该短语出现的上下文内容进行锁定，从而判断出失业人员对于经济萧条的反应。【直击答案】根据题干关键词“to find silver linings”定位到第二段首句，句中silver linings意为：一线希望，一线慰藉。接下来该段对这句话进一步阐释，表明经济萧条的积极面：第二句强调“失业在某些方面改善了他们”，第三句谈到衰退会使社会变得更好，末句具体谈给社会带来的好处，整个段落都是有关经济衰退积极的一面，由此确定D项为正确答案。且“bright side”是原文“had improved them in some ways”的同义替换。【干扰排除】A项属于无中生有，原文谈及的是失业者看到了经济衰退时期好的方面，并没有提到“政府”、“补助金”等内容。B项属于无中生有，在该段只提到了经济衰退对社会带来了一定的好处，并没有谈到他们在探索失业的原因。C项属于偷换概念，文章第二句谈到失业者变得不那么贪图物质享受和在经济上更加节约，但这并不是选项谈及的获得了利润。 -
第6题：
单选题It can be concluded from the passage that the author’s major concern is ______.Athe continuing social progress and prosperity
Bthe development of western philosophy
Ccorporate, civic and personal responsibilities
Dgeneral well-being of the society
正确答案： D解析：
本文首先指出在经济发展、社会财富大增时，人们却感到空虚，缺少归属感和幸福感，接着作者便谈到politics of happiness，社会上每个人都应发挥自己的作用，这样自己最终也会收获幸福。文章最后强调“That is why focusing on general well-being could be the big, defining political concept of the 21st century”。可见作者关注的重点是社会整体幸福感。 -
第7题：
单选题According to the passage, Keasey’s findings support which of the following conclusions about six-year-old children?AThey have the ability to make autonomous moral judgments.
BThey regard moral absolutism as a threat to their moral autonomy.
CThey do not understand the concept of public duty.
DThey accept moral judgments made by their peers more easily than do older children.
正确答案： D解析：
由第一段结尾children…advance into the second stage of…moral autonomy可知，在Keasey所说的年龄，即6岁时，儿童就有了自己做出道德判断的能力。 -
第8题：
单选题In the author’s opinion, education should ______.Abe focused on moral courses.
Bhave a religious component.
Cdo away with objectionable doctrines.
Dtry to enhance students’ moral standards.
正确答案： B解析：
写作意图题。通读全文，A选项认为教育应集中在道德课程上，该说法过于绝对，作者并未流露出是教育集中在道德课程上；B选项中提到教育应包括宗教方面，与文中作者并不反对“在当今世界，道德教育采取非宗教的形式”的观点不符，并不一定要包括宗教方面；C选项认为教育应该摆脱引起反对的课本，而文中说的是对反对道德的课本进行审视，，并不要求摆脱，与原文不符；D选项认为教育应该努力提高学生的道德标准，该观点正是贯穿全文的中心思想，故答案为D项。 -
第9题：
单选题For a child the first element in his learning by imitation is______.Athe need to find an authority
Bthe need to find a way to achieve the desired result
Cthe need for more affection from his parents
Dthe desire to meet the standards of his social group
正确答案： A解析：
通过第三段首句“There is a second element at work in this situation.”可知儿童通过模仿学习的第一要素应在第二段中，即“He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends.”，故B项正确。 -
第10题：
单选题The moral decline of American society is caused mainly by ______.Aits growing wealth
Bthe self-centeredness of individuals
Cunderestimating the impact of social changes
Dthe prejudice against women and minorities
正确答案： B解析：
细节题。第三段很完整地回答了这个问题，即美国社会中的物质主义和个人主义是进步思想的最大障碍，这两个主义在民主意识中根深蒂固，B项与此吻合。 -
第11题：
单选题Professor Elshtain is pleased to see that Americans _____.Ahave adapted to a new set of moral standards
Bare longing for the return of the good old days
Chave realized the importance of material things
Dare awakening to the lowing of their moral standards
正确答案： C解析：
细节题。文章指出，现在公众已经认识到道德水准下降的问题。对此，艾尔施坦这个社会分析家感到高兴，之所以高兴是因为他感到人们在觉悟，这就是解决问题的好兆头。D项与此吻合，故D为答案。 -
第12题：
单选题Today, owing to changing economic and social conditions, people tend to ______Abecome more interested in advertising.
Bignore advertisements.
Cshare the same view toward advertising.
Ddevelop different opinions toward advertising.
正确答案： D解析：
题干中的changing economic and social conditions为关键点，可定位到最后一段。该段第二句话指出“Advertisers are viewed in many ways by the public they serve”，由此可知人们对广告持不同态度，和选项D表达内容相符。 -
第13题：
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to protnote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.
In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A.Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society.
B.Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow down social change.
C.Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society.
D.Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young.答案：B解析：根据第二段“social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects…in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early…in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites”可知A、C、D项都正确，而由第一段最后一句可知，不同的观点以及对现状不满可以加速社会变革，因此B项错误。 -
第14题：
Although there are disagreements over the definition of revolution,there is a standard view that revolutions are successful social movements on a much grander（ ）.That is,involving more people and much more social change.Although social movement like the U.S.Civil Rights
Movement may be working to enact some law or produce some reform in the society,revolutions like the Chinese Revolution are aimed at major social change.A.level
B.scale
C.degree
D.range答案：B解析：on a grand scale即“大规模地”，是常用搭配。A.level“水平，水准，级别”；C.degree“等级，程度，温度”，如：by degrees渐渐地；in no degree一点也不；in a degree惊人地；D.range“范围，系列，射程”，如：a country with a wide range of temperature一个气温变化很大的国家；people in the￡3,000/4,000 income range收入在三千至四千镑之间的人。 -
第15题：
根据下列内容，回答206-210题。
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds ofpeople than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is thatthere are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There aremore ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with differentbeliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixedsocieties. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.
In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people tosee the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And althoughconditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily inthe material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather thanin values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the lessbasic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements ratherthan in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable tothe culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily inhuman relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason whychange has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
The passage is mainly discussing__________.A.certain factors that determine the ease with which social changes occur
B.certain factors that promote social change
C.the necessity of social change
D.two different societies答案：A解析：此题考查全文主旨。全文共三段，根据每段的第一句“Social change is more likely to occurin societies…”，“Within a society，social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in…”和“Furthermore，social change is eaLsier if it is gradual”可知，本文讲的不是哪些因素能推动社会变革，而是哪些因素使社会变革更容易发生，因此选A。 -
第16题：
Text 4 The great recession may be over,but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning.Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults.And ultimately,it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture,and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster.Many said that unemployment,while extremely painful,had improved them in some ways:they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent;they were more aware of the struggles of others.In limited respects,perhaps the recession will leave society better off.At the very least,it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses,and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part,these benefits seem thin,uncertain,and far off.In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth,the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U．S.,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more meanspirited and less inclusive,and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms.Antiimmigrant sentiment typically increases,as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession,but it has not shrunk in this one.Indeed,this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides,and decrease opportunities to cross them—especially for young people.The research of Till Von Wachter,the economic at Columbia University,suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed:those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times;it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the Internet age,it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society.More difficult,in the moment,is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society's character.In many respects,the U.S.was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history,and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results.We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric.But they certainly will reshape it,and all the more so the longer they extend.
The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____A.certain
B.positive
C.trivial
D.destructive答案：A解析：态度题【命题思路】这是一道作者态度题，需要对文章具体内容理解的基础上能够根据原文具体细节信息辨识作者对讨论的事物所持有的态度。【直击答案】文章主要讲述了经济衰退对美国社会所产生的深刻影响，第一段开门见山总的地提出经济大衰退会重塑社会的政治、文化和社会特点，第二段谈及经济衰退产生的积极影响，第三、四段分别论述了经济萧条对社会所产生的消极影响，所以该文章既有谈及积极的影响，也有谈及消极的影响，末段进行总结，再次强调经济大萧条肯定会改变社会结构，持续的时间越长，影响越大，可以看出这些影响是肯定的（certainly），故A项为正确选项。【干扰排除】B项“积极的”在原文中第二段有谈及到，经济衰退对社会带来了一定积极的影响，但这只是局部信息，后面第三、四段谈及的是负面影响，所以B项和D项，都不能概括全文信息。C项“微不足道的”，文章谈及的正面、负面影响都比较深远，故为错误选项。 -
第17题：
单选题Parents and children often disagree about what is important or right because _____.Athey have different styles of life
Bthey hate each other
Cparents think that their children are troublemakers
Dthey are in a society of rapidly changing social and moral values
正确答案： A解析：
细节题。根据第二段的首句“But in a society of rapidly changing social and moral values, parents and children often disagree about what is important and what is right”可知答案应为D项。 -
第18题：
单选题Lines 51-54 (This question,.conflict within us) indicates that Salinger is trying to ______.Asuggest a solution to a psychological problem
Bdistance himself from the character of Holden
Ccriticize the social order of his era
Demploy a sophisticated literary device
Emake the reader sympathize with Holden's angst
正确答案： E解析：
塞林格直接将这个问题摆在我们读者的面前是为了激发读者对霍尔顿不安的同情。 -
第19题：
单选题Holden's ambivalence (line 39) consists of his inclinations toward ______.Athe past and the future
Bactively confronting prejudice and becoming resigned to it
Cwasting his resources and hoarding them
Dhelping others and punishing them
Ewithdrawing from society and becoming part of it
正确答案： A解析：
霍尔顿的矛盾性后来又被称为他的双重驱动，一是来自他自己而是来自他周围的人。因此他的矛盾性是由他一方面倾向于远离社会而他又是当时社会的一部分造成的。 -
第20题：
单选题According to Charles Muscatine, most universities in the U. S. ______.Aplace less emphasis on technology.
Bare ready to make informed moral decisions.
Cattend to society’s need for technology.
Dare the right places for students with high moral standards.
正确答案： D解析：
细节理解题。根据题干中的 Charles Muscatine定位到第四段最后一句“Instead，he says，most universities are spreading the dangerous myth that technical skills are more important than moral reasoning.…”，由此可知，查尔斯·马斯凯汀认为多数大学给学生灌输了技术比道德伦理更重要这一思想，故正确答案为C 选项，同时可知A，D选项陈述错误；B选项的说法无中生有，故答案为C项。 -
第21题：
单选题According to the passage, Holden 'Caulfield differs from Huck Finn and Hester Prynne primarily in that he ______.Ahas a strong individual will
Bis more integrated into his social environment
Ctries to remediate social prejudice
Dmust cope with poverty
Eis not a sympathetic character
正确答案： C解析：
这篇文章讲到霍尔顿与他所在年代的社会环境的关系和哈克费恩和海丝特不同，因为霍尔顿是他所在的社会环境的一部分（11-12行），而费恩和海丝特是被猛推到社会边缘的人（17行）。 -
第22题：
单选题The reference to a simpler life in line 8 is used to ______.Afurther illustrate the distinction between a former life and a present one
Bdeplore the low social class into which the Edwards family has fallen
Crefer to the happiness Aphra once felt as part of the town's upper echelon
Dsuggest the tedium of dealing with household responsibilities
Eforeshadow Aphra's and Rachel's return to a more genteel social class
正确答案： C解析：
第一段第三句提到之前Aphra的家境富裕，但是现在遭遇了不幸，丢失了财产，经济上破产。"simpler life"这里是指用来将之前的生活和现在的生活之间形成对比。 -
第23题：
单选题The author of the text is primarily concerned with ______.Aadvancing a new methodology for changing a monkey’s social behavior
Bcomparing the methods of several research studies on aggression among monkeys
Cexplaining the reasons for researcher’s interest in monkey’ s social behavior
Ddiscussing the development of investigators’ theories about aggression among monkeys
正确答案： B解析：
主旨题。文章首段首句即指出研究猴子行为的人员经常被monkeys’ aggressive potential and the consequent need for social control of their aggressive behavior震惊到。随后就讲述了现代科学家们对aggression的新认识和发现，因此D项“讨论了研究人员关于猴子攻击性理论的发展”可以概括全文。