Human capacity for language has a g（）basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned.

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Human capacity for language has a g（）basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned.

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1.根据下列材料请回答 1～20 题：From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for humankind' s future 3and cultural growth increased. Many linguists believe that evolution is4for our ability to produce and use language. They 5thatour highly evolved brain provides us 6an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually,9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore, there are critical10 times for language development.Current11 of the innateness theory are mixed; however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in13 grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being 14to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15of their first language have become firmly fixed.16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been17 from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that 18with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language19 than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20, children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child' s language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.第 1 题A． generatedB． evolvedC． bornD． originated

2.Animals other than humans have not developed communications comparable to human language. But is it possible that other animals have the capacity to learn a language if they are adequately taught? Obviously, this is a fascination notion. The idea of communicating directly with another species has long been a part of human folklore and children’s fantasies. But on a scientific level, the question of whether animals can learn a language is important primarily because it relates to the controversy()between the cognitive and the learning approaches to language. If language is dependent on and is actually an outgrowth of the intellectual structure of the human mind, there is the strong supposition that only humans are capable of using language. Therefore, Noam Chomsky and other psycholinguists have argued that only humans can learn a language, while most behaviorists feel that with sufficient patience it should be possible to teach an animal some sort of language. Although the two schools of thought clearly differ on this point, it is not really a crucial test of the two theories. If a chimpanzee can master a simple language all it would mean is that the chimp’s intellectual capacity and brain structure are more similar to ours than we thought. It would not necessarily imply that our intellectual structure is unimportant in our own mastery of language. Thus, teaching an animal language is an impressive demonstration of the power of learning techniques, but it is not evidence that language is developed entirely through learning.On the other hand, the question of whether other animals can learn a language is fascination in its own right, aside from its value as a test of the two theories of language development. Accordingly, whatever one’s position on the theoretical dispute, we must consider training an animal to use language a dramatic accomplishment.36.Which of the following statements is the view of psycholinguists?A. The cognitive view of language learning says that only human beings can learn language because it is an outgrowth of the structure of the human mind.B. Other animals simply could master a language.C. The animals intellectual capacity is much better than human beings.D. Language is developed by learning.37.The behaviorists’ view is that __________.A. language is actually an outgrowth of intellectual structure of the animal’s mindB. animals have not developed communications systemC. given enough patience, a man should be able to teach an animal some sort of languageD. only human beings can learn language38.That an animal can master a simple language means that __________.A. human’s intellectual structure is not importantB. animals’ intellectual capacity and brain structure are more similar to the humans’C. the learning techniques are much more importantD. language is developed completely by learning39.The main idea of paragraph two is ___________.A. teaching a chimp language is not crucial test of the two theoriesB. their brain structure is not similar to humanC. using various methods to let the chimp master a languageD. training a nonhuman to use language is an amazing accomplishment40.The best title for this passage would be _________.A. Animals’ languageB. Human’s languageC. Teaching Animals’ LanguageD. Can Other Animals Acquire Language?

3.阅读理解There is no doubt that man is a member of the animal kingdom.Anyone who has thought about this fact seriously must have wondered how it has come about that man has achieved a position so supreme(最高的) among the myriad(无数的) kinds of animal life.Two characteristics of man, in comparison with all other animals, that stand out above all others are the creation and use of tools and the development and use of language.Since no other animals have achieved these abilities, it must be assumed that man’s evolutionary development led to his capacity to create and use tools and to devise and use language.Once these abilities and practices evolved, they probably became driving forces in the further evolution of man.Those members of the species who become most proficient(精通的) in the fabrication of tools and in the command of language and thought would tend to survive and maintain their kind for good, at the expense of those of lesser ability.11.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?()A.Tools and language are either the effects or the causes of human evolution.B.No other animals have achieved human abilities.C.Among the animals, only man is able to use tools and language.D.Man owns his capacity to making use of tools and language.12.“Animal kingdom” in the passage refers to ().A.the place where all animals liveB.the animal societyC.all kinds of animals, including manD.the forest with animals13.One important condition for man’s evolution is() .A.the animal kingdomB.a supreme positionC.the myriad kindsD.his natural capacity14.The phrase “come about” in the passage is likely to mean ________.A.happenedB.appearedC.arrivedD.succeeded15.The last sentence suggests that() .A.those of lesser ability would be very expensiveB.in order to survive, man has to sacrifice some other animalsC.those who become proficient in making tools can speak wellD.language and thought could be acquired by man

4.Tarzan has learnt some human language from Kala.()此题为判断题(对，错)。

更多“Human capacity for language has a g（）basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned.”相关问题

  • 第1题：

    The language used to talk about language is called .

    A、special language

    B、local language

    C、metalanguage

    D、human language


    参考答案：C

  • 第2题：

    Human language has two levels of structures, such as, units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization. Language is hierarchical. It indicates ______ of human language.

    A.duality
    B.cultural transmission
    C.arbitrariness
    D.cognitive creativity

    答案：A
    解析：
    本题考查语言的本质特征

    A选项，duality， “二重性”是指拥有两种结构组成的系统。一层结构为语音，低级结构；另一层结构为词，高级结构。综上，A选项正确。

    B选项，cultural transmission文化的传递性是指人类语言依靠文化或者人的教与学实现的，不体现，故排除。

    C选项，arbitrariness，任意性是指语言符号的形式与所表示的意义没有天然的联系，不体现，故排除。

    D选项，cognitive creativity，认知创造性，是人类语言的独一无二的特征。是指语言具有让它的使用者生成和理解新句子的特性。不体现，故排除。

    故正确选项为A。

  • 第3题：

    共用题干
    Some Things We Know About Language
    Many things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.
    First , we know that all human beings have a language of some sort.There is no race（种族）of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another.Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language. Second,there is no such thing as a primitive（原始的）language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive.In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing. This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense.There are,or were, hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.
    A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate.That is,each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language. Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical features change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly.Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.

    According to the third paragraph,the author thinks that______.
    A:there exist some primitive languages in the world
    B:there are many people who don't have a language
    C:no languages in the world haven't been well developed
    D:there are some languages we know having little complexities

    答案：C
    解析：
    根据第二段第一句中的“First"，第三段第一句中的“second，第五段第一句中的“Athird thing"，以及第六段第一句中“Finally”可知，作者主要从四个方面来淦释语言的特征。
    根据第三段最后一句可知，所有已知的语言无不经过了数万年的充分发展。
    第四段第一句中的“This”指的就是第三段所诊释的内容，再结合第三段第一句" Second , there is no such thing as a primitive language.”可知，A项正确。
    由第五段可知，A、B两项表述正确。根据第四段最后一句可知，作者认为不同的语言没有发展水平上的差别，美国的印第安语和英语一样复杂，故C项表述正确，D项表述不正确。
    根据第六段最后一句可知，词汇是所有语言中最不稳定的部分，即它最容易发生变化。

  • 第4题：

    共用题干
    Some Things We Know About Language
    Many things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.
    First , we know that all human beings have a language of some sort.There is no race（种族）of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another.Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language. Second,there is no such thing as a primitive（原始的）language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive.In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing. This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense.There are,or were, hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.
    A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate.That is,each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language. Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical features change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly.Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.

    The author has used American Indian language to illustrate______.
    A:it hasn't been well understood that there is no primitive language
    B:the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises
    C:English and Greek are less primitive than American Indian languages
    D:hundreds of American Indian languages are easy and young

    答案：A
    解析：
    根据第二段第一句中的“First"，第三段第一句中的“second，第五段第一句中的“Athird thing"，以及第六段第一句中“Finally”可知，作者主要从四个方面来淦释语言的特征。
    根据第三段最后一句可知，所有已知的语言无不经过了数万年的充分发展。
    第四段第一句中的“This”指的就是第三段所诊释的内容，再结合第三段第一句" Second , there is no such thing as a primitive language.”可知，A项正确。
    由第五段可知，A、B两项表述正确。根据第四段最后一句可知，作者认为不同的语言没有发展水平上的差别，美国的印第安语和英语一样复杂，故C项表述正确，D项表述不正确。
    根据第六段最后一句可知，词汇是所有语言中最不稳定的部分，即它最容易发生变化。

  • 第5题：

    共用题干
    Some Things We Know About Language
    Many things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.
    First,we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another. Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language.
    Second,there is no such thing as a primitive language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive .In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing.
    This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.
    Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense .There are,or were,hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.
    A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.
    Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time.Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical teatures change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rap-idly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.

    According to the author,language changes are most likely to occur in______.
    A: grammar
    B: pronunciation
    C: vocabulary
    D: intonation

    答案：C
    解析：
    作者在第二段中认为，任何人种不管落后与否都有语言。文中的原句是：There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language…


    此题的答案来自第三段。


    作者列举美国印第安人的语言的目的是证明这些语言和一些著名的语言一样先进。原句是：They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.


    根据第五段“That is,each one… who speak the language.”可知，B项正确。


    词汇是语言中最容易发生变化的部分。文中的原句是：Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.

  • 第6题：

    共用题干
    Some Things We Know About Language
    Many things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.
    First,we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another. Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language.
    Second,there is no such thing as a primitive language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive .In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing.
    This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.
    Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense .There are,or were,hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.
    A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.
    Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time.Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical teatures change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rap-idly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.

    According to the author,people of undeveloped cultures can have______languages.
    A: complicated
    B: uncivilized
    C: primitive
    D: well-known

    答案：A
    解析：
    作者在第二段中认为，任何人种不管落后与否都有语言。文中的原句是：There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language…


    此题的答案来自第三段。


    作者列举美国印第安人的语言的目的是证明这些语言和一些著名的语言一样先进。原句是：They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.


    根据第五段“That is,each one… who speak the language.”可知，B项正确。


    词汇是语言中最容易发生变化的部分。文中的原句是：Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.

  • 第7题：

    Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition （）.

    • A、Language acquisition is a process of habit formatio
    • B、Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings
    • C、Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language
    • D、Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use

    正确答案:A

  • 第8题：

    From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind’s future 3 and cultural growth increased. Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language. They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, 9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical 10 times for language development. Current 11 of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 13 grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15 of their first language have become firmly fixed. 16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been 17 from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that 18 with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 19 than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20 , children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child's language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones. 请在8处填上正确答案（）

    • A、potential
    • B、performance
    • C、preference
    • D、passion

    正确答案:A

  • 第9题：

    问答题
    When a human infant is born into any community in any part ofthe world it has two things in common with any infant, provided　　　　　　 1．______neither of them have been damaged in any way either before or　　　　　　　 2．______during birth. Firstly, and most obviously, new born children arecompletely helpless. Apart from a powerful capacity to pay attention to　　 3．______their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing the new bornchild can do to ensure his own survival. Without care from someother human being or beings, be it mother, grandmother, or humangroup, a child is very unlikely to survive. This helplessness of humaninfants is in marked contrast with the capacity of many newborn animals to get on their feet within minutes of birth and run　　　　　 4．______with the herd within a few hours.　　Although young animals are certainly in risk, sometimes for　　　　　　 5．______weeks or even months after birth, compared with the human infantthey very quickly develop the capacity to fend for them.　　　　　　　　　　6．______It is during this very long period in which the human infant istotally dependent on the others that it reveals the second feature　　　　　7．______which it shares with all other undamaged human infants,a capacity to learn language. For this reason, biologists now suggest thatlanguage be ‘species specific’ to the human race, that is to say, they　　8．______consider the human infant to be genetic programmed in　　　　　　　　　　 　9．______such a way that it can acquire language. This suggestion implies that　　　 10．______just as human beings are designed to see three-dimensionally and in color, and justas they are designed to stand upright rather than tomove on all fours, so they are designed to learn and use language aspart of their normal development as.

    正确答案：
    1.在any和infant中间加other。 在比较两者的异同时,要从比较对象中排除该物或该人。
    2.have改为has。 此处主语为neither,故谓语动词要用单数形式。
    3.pay改为draw/call/attract/elicit。 pay attention to注意。此处要表达“吸引注意”的意思。
    4.on改为to。 get to one’s feet起身,站起来。
    5.in risk改为in danger或at risk。 这里表达“在危险中,受到威胁”的意思,没有in risk这种搭配。
    6.them改为themselves。 这里需要的宾语和主语they都是指代上文的young animals,故要用反身代词。
    7.去掉the。 others指“其他人(物)中的一部分”,the others则指“其他所有的人(物)”。
    8.be改为is。 这里suggest意为“提出,暗示”,不作“建议”讲,因此不用虚拟语气。
    9.genetic改为genetically。 genetically用来修饰programmed,“副词+过去分词”相当于一个形容词。
    10.√
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第10题：

    问答题
    when a human infant is born into any community in any part of theworld it has two things in common with any infant, provided neither of them　　　    1．_______have been damaged in any way either before or during birth. Firstly, and most　　　  2．_______obviously, new born children are completely helpless. Apart from a powerfulcapacity to pay attention to their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing　　 3．_______the new born child can do to ensure his own survival. Without care from someother human being or beings, be it mother, grandmother, or human group, achild is very unlikely to survive. This helplessness of human infants is in markedcontrast with the capacity of many new born animals to get on their feet within　　　4．_______minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few hours. Although younganimals are certainly in risk, sometimes for weeks or even months after birth,　　　 5．_______compared with the human infant they very quickly develop the capacity to fend for them.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 6．_______　　It is during this very long period in which the human infant is totallydependent on the others that it reveals the second feature which it shares with all　7．_______other undamaged human infants, a capacity to learn language. For this reason,biologists now suggest that language be ‘species specific’ to the human race,　　  8．_______that is to say, they consider the human infant to be genetic programmed in　　　　   9．_______such way that it can acquire language. This suggestion implies that just　　　　　  10．______as human beings are designed to see three-dimensionally and in colour, and justas they are designed to stand upright rather than to move on all fours, so theyare designed to learn and use language as part of their normal development aswell-formed human beings.

    正确答案：
    1.在any和infant中间加other 在比较两者的异同时,要从比较对象中排除该物或该人。
    2.have改为has 此处主语为neither,故谓语动词要用单数形式。
    3.pay改为draw/call/attract/elicit     pay attention to注意。此处要表达“吸引注意”的意思。
    4.on改为to     get to one’s feet起身,站起来。
    5.in risk改为in danger或at risk 这里表达“在危险中,受到威胁”的意思,没有in risk这种搭配。
    6.them改为themselves 这里需要的宾语和主语they都是指代上文的young animals,故要用反身代词。
    7.去掉the     others指“其他人(物)中的一部分”,the others则指“其他所有的人(物)”。
    8.be改为is 这里suggest意为“提出,暗示”,不作“建议”讲,因此不用虚拟语气。
    9.genetic改为genetically     genetically用来修饰programmed,“副词+过去分词”相当于一个形容词。
    10.在such和way中加入a 名词way为可数名词单数,前面要用不定冠词。
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第11题：

    views on language and ___ both influence theories on how language should be taught.

    A、views on language learning

    B、views on culture learning

    C、values of life

    D、styles of life


    参考答案：A

  • 第12题：

    In deed more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in the lower grades.Young children often can learn several languages by being（ ）to them,while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the rules of their first language have become firmly fixed.

    A.disclosed
    B.revealed
    C.immersed
    D.exposed

    答案：D
    解析：
    be exposed to“接触到”，是固定搭配。符合文意：年纪小的儿童可以通过接触多种语言而学会好几种语言……。A.disclose“揭示，泄露”；B.reveal“显示，透露”；C.immerse“沉浸，使陷入”。

  • 第13题：

    共用题干
    Some Things We Know About Language
    Many things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.
    First , we know that all human beings have a language of some sort.There is no race（种族）of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another.Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language. Second,there is no such thing as a primitive（原始的）language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive.In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing. This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense.There are,or were, hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.
    A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate.That is,each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language. Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical features change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly.Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.

    The author argues that we do know some things about language in______aspects.
    A:three
    B:four
    C:five
    D:six

    答案：B
    解析：
    根据第二段第一句中的“First"，第三段第一句中的“second，第五段第一句中的“Athird thing"，以及第六段第一句中“Finally”可知，作者主要从四个方面来淦释语言的特征。
    根据第三段最后一句可知，所有已知的语言无不经过了数万年的充分发展。
    第四段第一句中的“This”指的就是第三段所诊释的内容，再结合第三段第一句" Second , there is no such thing as a primitive language.”可知，A项正确。
    由第五段可知，A、B两项表述正确。根据第四段最后一句可知，作者认为不同的语言没有发展水平上的差别，美国的印第安语和英语一样复杂，故C项表述正确，D项表述不正确。
    根据第六段最后一句可知，词汇是所有语言中最不稳定的部分，即它最容易发生变化。

  • 第14题：

    共用题干
    Some Things We Know About Language
    Many things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.
    First , we know that all human beings have a language of some sort.There is no race（种族）of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another.Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language. Second,there is no such thing as a primitive（原始的）language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive.In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing. This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense.There are,or were, hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.
    A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate.That is,each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language. Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical features change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly.Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.

    Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
    A:A language is a means of expressing a particular culture.
    B:All languages can well express their respective cultures.
    C:American Indian languages are as complex as English.
    D:Some languages are better than others.

    答案：D
    解析：
    根据第二段第一句中的“First"，第三段第一句中的“second，第五段第一句中的“Athird thing"，以及第六段第一句中“Finally”可知，作者主要从四个方面来淦释语言的特征。
    根据第三段最后一句可知，所有已知的语言无不经过了数万年的充分发展。
    第四段第一句中的“This”指的就是第三段所诊释的内容，再结合第三段第一句" Second , there is no such thing as a primitive language.”可知，A项正确。
    由第五段可知，A、B两项表述正确。根据第四段最后一句可知，作者认为不同的语言没有发展水平上的差别，美国的印第安语和英语一样复杂，故C项表述正确，D项表述不正确。
    根据第六段最后一句可知，词汇是所有语言中最不稳定的部分，即它最容易发生变化。

  • 第15题：

    共用题干
    Some Things We Know About Language
    Many things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.
    First,we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another. Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language.
    Second,there is no such thing as a primitive language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive .In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing.
    This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.
    Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense .There are,or were,hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.
    A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.
    Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time.Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical teatures change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rap-idly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.

    In the second paragraph the passage tells us that______.
    A: some backward race doesn't have a language of its own
    B: some race in history didn't possess a language of its own
    C: any human race,whether backward or not,has a language
    D: some races on earth can communicate without language

    答案：C
    解析：
    作者在第二段中认为，任何人种不管落后与否都有语言。文中的原句是：There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language…


    此题的答案来自第三段。


    作者列举美国印第安人的语言的目的是证明这些语言和一些著名的语言一样先进。原句是：They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.


    根据第五段“That is,each one… who speak the language.”可知，B项正确。


    词汇是语言中最容易发生变化的部分。文中的原句是：Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.

  • 第16题：

    The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is （）.

    Aarbitrary

    Bnon-arbitrary

    Clogical

    Dnon-productive


    A
    略

  • 第17题：

    The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is （）.

    • A、arbitrary
    • B、non-arbitrary
    • C、logical
    • D、non-productive

    正确答案:A

  • 第18题：

    Human capacity for language has a g（）basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned.


    正确答案:genetic

  • 第19题：

    填空题
    Human capacity for language has a g（）basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned.

    正确答案： genetic
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第20题：

    单选题
    The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is （）.
    A

    arbitrary

    B

    non-arbitrary

    C

    logical

    D

    non-productive


    正确答案： D
    解析： 暂无解析

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