第21题:
问答题
请用所报考语种就所给题目写出一篇400~600字的导游解说词。要求语言规范,表达得体,内容切题,条理清楚,有一定的思想深度,符合导游语言要求,能反映京剧的历史及其在中西文化交流中的地位。 题目:京剧
正确答案:
【参考范文】
Peking Opera of China (1)Peking Opera is the quintessence of China. As the largest Chinese opera form, it is extolled as ‘Oriental Opera’. Having a history of 160 years, it has created many ‘firsts’ in Chinese dramas: the abundance of repertoires, the number of artists, opera troupes and spectators.
(2)Peking Opera of China originated from Anhui opera. In the 55th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, four local opera troupes from Anhui came to the imperial court in Beijing and gained an unprecedented success. The Anhui troupes often performed together with Han dialect artists from Hubei, which gave birth to Peking opera. This is a new dramatic form which absorbed all the essence of Kun Qu, Qin Qiang and Bang Zi and other local operas. Peking Opera has been gradually localizedi in its 200 years of development and acquired characteristics of Beijing dialect in singing, dialogue making and rhyming. And the musical instruments used on Peking opera are blendings of inventions from many different ethnic groups. Peking opera finally became a mature art form.
(3)Peking Opera can be divided into “civil” pieces characterized by singing, and “martial” ones featuring acrobatics and stunts. Some operas are a combination of both. Peking Opera has chang (singing), nian (dialogue), zuo (acting) and da (martial arts) as its basic performing forms. Sheng, dan, jing, chou are in fact terms for different types of roles. Sheng is the positive male role, dan is the positive female role, while ring is a supporting male role with a striking character and chou is the clown or a negative character. Every type of role wears its own facial makeup and costume, which is so telltale that you can figure out its identity the moment it appears on the stage.
One major characteristic of Peking opera is the color painted on the face of a character. It is suggestive of the character’s temperament and personality as well as its role and fate in the play. It is vital to the understanding of a play. Put in simple terms, red is appreciative, standing for loyalty and valor; black represents a neutral role, representing vigor and wisdom. Blue and green represent neutral character of rebellious heroes. Yellow and white both suggest cunning, negative characters. And gold and silver represent mystic or supernatural power.
(4)Amateur performers are called “piao you” and there are very famous ones, such as emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty. He was both a good amateur Peking opera singer and a skillful drummer in the Peking opera orchestra. The Empress Dowager Cixi was a famous Peking opera fan. The largest theatre in China at the time are still standing in the Summer Palace. It is a 21-metre, three-stored building, which is a proof of the Dowager’s love for Peking opera.
Since Mei Lanfang visited Japan in 1919, Peking opera has become more and more popular with people all around the world, and it has made great contribution to the promotion of the cultural exchange between China and the West, and the friendship and understanding between the Chinese people and people all over the world.
【行文点评】
(1)第一段提出京剧是我国的国粹,它被誉为“东方戏曲”,曾创造了中国戏剧的许多“第一”。
(2)第二段介绍了京剧的起源和发展历史,中国京剧起源于徽剧,经过200多年的发展,京剧最终成为一种成熟的艺术形式。
(3)第三段介绍了京剧的分类以及京剧的表演形式,并依次介绍了京剧的角色分类,即“生、旦、净、丑”。第四段介绍了不同颜色的京剧脸谱代表了个人的性格和品质、角色和命运。
(4)第五段介绍了有名的京剧“票友”和戏迷。最后一段介绍了随着京剧大师梅兰芳访日以来,京剧在中西文化交流中做出了卓越贡献。
解析:
暂无解析