更多“尿崩症(diabetes insipidus)”相关问题
  • 第1题:

    共用题干
    What Is Insulin-dependent Diabetes?
    When you eat,your body takes the sugar from food and turns it into fuel.______(46)Your body uses glucose for energy,so it can do everything from breathing air to playing a video game.But glucose can't be used by the body on its own-it needs a hormone called insulin to bring it into the cells of the body.
    Most people get the insulin they need from the pancreas,a large organ near the stomach?The pancreas makes insulin;insulin brings glucose into the cells;and the body gets the energy it needs.When a person has insulin一dependent diabetes,it's because the pancreas is not making insulin.So someone could be eating lots of food and getting all the glucose he needs,but without insulin,there is no way for the body to use the glucose for energy.______(47)
    You may have heard older people talk about having diabetes,maybe people of your grandparents'age.Usually,this is a different kind of diabetes called non一insulin一dependent diabetes.It can also be called Type 2 diabetes,or adult-onset diabetes.______(48)
    When a kid is diagnosed with juvenile(insulin-dependent)diabetes,he will have that type of diabetes for his whole life.It won't ever change to non-insulin-dependent diabetes when he gets older.
    Scientists now think that a person who has juvenile diabetes was born with a certain gene or genes that made the person more likely to get the illness.______(49)
    Many scientists believe that along with having certain genes,something else outside the person's body, like a viral infection,is necessary to set the diabetes in motion by affecting the cells in the pancreas that make insulin.
    But the person must have the gene(or genes)for diabetes to start' out with一this means you can't get diabetes just from catching a flu,virus,or cold.And this type of diabetes isn't caused by eating too many sugary foods,either.Diabetes can take a long time to develop in a person's body-sometimes months or years?Another important thing to remember is that diabetes is not contagious.______(50)

    ______(47)
    A:Genes are something that you inherit from your parents,and they are in your body even before you're born.
    B:This sugar-fuel is called glucose?
    C:It may be possible to beat insulin resistance through lifestyle changes.
    D:You can't catch diabetes from people who have it,no matter how close you sit to them or if you kiss them.
    E:The glucose can't get into the cells of the body without insulin.
    F:When a person has this kind of diabetes,the pancreas usually can still make insulin,but the person's body needs more than the pancreas can make?

    答案:E
    解析:
    文章第一句所讲的内容是当人进食时,身体会从食物中摄取糖分,并把它转化为燃料。B项是对这种燃料的解释,且空白处后的句子中又出现了B项中的名词glucose。故此处选B。
    此空处之前的内容提到,如果一个人患上了胰岛素依赖型糖尿病,虽然其通过大量进食获取了所需的全部葡萄糖,但如果没有胰岛素的参与,身体就不能通过利用这些葡萄糖来获得能量。选项E的内容和此处为顺承关系,故选E。
    上一段指出胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者的胰腺无法分泌胰岛素,本段此空处之前的内容提到了非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病,并指出它不同于胰岛素依赖型糖尿病。故此空处应详细介绍此种类型的糖尿病。F项符合文意。
    此空处之前的内容是患有青少年糖尿病的人带有先天性的易患此病的基因。A项介绍基因的概念,比较各个选项,可知本题选A。
    此空处之前陈述的内容是糖尿病不具有传染性。D项的内容和此处是承接关系,进一步说明其不具有传染性。故本题选D。

  • 第2题:

    非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(non-insulin-independent diabetes mellitus,NIDDM)


    正确答案: 又称Ⅱ型糖尿病。发病年龄多在40岁以上,无胰岛炎症,早期胰岛数目正常,后期B细胞轻度减少,胰岛淀粉样变性。血中胰岛素开始不降低,甚至增高,无抗胰岛细胞抗体,与自身免疫无关。一般认为其与肥胖有关的胰岛素相对不足及组织对胰岛素不敏感有关。不依赖胰岛素治疗。

  • 第3题:

    特发性尿崩症(idiopathic diabetes insipidus)


    正确答案: 是由于视上核及室旁核神经细胞退行性变性所致,大多数为散发性。少数为家族性,一般为常染色体显性遗传,为精氨酸加压素的神经垂体素II基因突变。

  • 第4题:

    胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus,IDDM)


    正确答案: 又称Ⅰ型糖尿病。多见于青少年。发病时胰岛B细胞明显减少,胰岛素分泌不足,血中胰岛素显著降低,易合并酮血症发生昏迷,治疗依赖胰岛素。

  • 第5题:

    尿崩症(diabetes insipidus)


    正确答案:是由于抗利尿激素缺乏或减少而出现多尿、低比重尿、烦渴和多饮等的临床综合征。

  • 第6题:

    单选题
    根据病因可将尿崩症分为哪3类()
    A

    中枢性尿崩症、肾性尿崩症和精神性烦渴

    B

    中枢性尿崩症、心源性尿崩症和精神性烦渴

    C

    中枢性尿崩症、肾前性尿崩症和精神性烦渴

    D

    中枢性尿崩症、肾后性尿崩症和精神性烦渴

    E

    中枢性尿崩症、肾性尿崩症和心源性烦渴


    正确答案: D
    解析: 根据病因可将尿崩症分中枢性尿崩症、肾性尿崩症和精神性烦渴3类。

  • 第7题:

    单选题
    According to the passage, Mediterranean diet______.
    A

    can’t control the blood sugar unless combined with exercise.

    B

    is better than the low-fat diet in treating diabetes.

    C

    involves more carbohydrates than the low-fat diet.

    D

    can completely replace diabetes drugs.


    正确答案: B
    解析:
    细节题。文中第二段第一句提到,该研究发现,相对于坚持低脂饮食的糖尿病患者,坚持地中海式饮食的患者能够更长时间地维持较低的血糖水平,这一发现虽包含了糖尿病患者经常的运动,但并不能表明不与运动相结合,地中海式饮食就不能控制血糖,故A项错误;文章第三段最后一句提到,地中海式饮食严格控制碳水化合物的摄入,故选项C错误;选项D中的completely一次过于绝对,与文章观点不符,故也可排除。选项B的表述与原文的实验结果相符,故答案为B项。

  • 第8题:

    名词解释题
    特发性尿崩症(idiopathic diabetes insipidus)

    正确答案: 是由于视上核及室旁核神经细胞退行性变性所致,大多数为散发性。少数为家族性,一般为常染色体显性遗传,为精氨酸加压素的神经垂体素II基因突变。
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第9题:

    单选题
    关于尿崩症错误的是()。
    A

    遗传性尿崩症为常染色体显性遗传

    B

    特发性尿崩症无明确病因

    C

    遗传性尿崩症多为中枢性尿崩症

    D

    特发性尿崩症多为暂时性尿崩症

    E

    继发性尿崩症都有明确的病因


    正确答案: A
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第10题:

    名词解释题
    尿崩症(diabetes insipidus)

    正确答案: 是由于抗利尿激素缺乏或减少而出现多尿、低比重尿、烦渴和多饮等的临床综合征。
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第11题:

    名词解释题
    糖尿病(diabetes mellitus)

    正确答案: 是由于不同病因引起胰岛素分泌不足或作用减低,导致碳水化合物、脂肪及蛋白质代谢异常,以慢性高血糖为主要表现,并伴有血脂、心血管、神经、皮肤及眼睛等多系统的慢性病变的一组综合征。
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第12题:

    问答题
    What is Greene’s attitude toward avoidance of medicine for diabetes patients?

    正确答案: Supportive.
    解析:
    态度题。由题干中的关键词可定位到文章最后一段。该段主要表达的是,对某些糖尿病患者而言,用饮食治疗糖尿病是合理的选择。由此可以推断,Greene对避免药物治疗的观点持肯定态度。

  • 第13题:

    根据病因可将尿崩症分为哪3类()

    • A、中枢性尿崩症、肾性尿崩症和精神性烦渴
    • B、中枢性尿崩症、心源性尿崩症和精神性烦渴
    • C、中枢性尿崩症、肾前性尿崩症和精神性烦渴
    • D、中枢性尿崩症、肾后性尿崩症和精神性烦渴
    • E、中枢性尿崩症、肾性尿崩症和心源性烦渴

    正确答案:A

  • 第14题:

    关于尿崩症错误的是()。

    • A、遗传性尿崩症为常染色体显性遗传
    • B、特发性尿崩症无明确病因
    • C、遗传性尿崩症多为中枢性尿崩症
    • D、特发性尿崩症多为暂时性尿崩症
    • E、继发性尿崩症都有明确的病因

    正确答案:D

  • 第15题:

    根据损伤部位及严重程度,尿崩症可分()

    • A、完全性尿崩症
    • B、三相性尿崩症
    • C、永久性尿崩症
    • D、暂时性尿崩症
    • E、部分性尿崩症

    正确答案:B,C,D

  • 第16题:

    糖尿病(diabetes mellitus)


    正确答案:由于胰岛素缺乏或/胰岛素的生物效应降低而引起的一种全身性代谢障碍,主要表现为糖代谢紊乱引起持续性血糖升高和尿糖,并伴有多饮、多尿、多食和体重减轻等症状。原发性糖尿病分成胰岛素依赖型和非胰岛素依赖型两种。

  • 第17题:

    根据病因,中枢性尿崩症分()

    • A、创伤性尿崩症
    • B、继发性尿崩症
    • C、三相性尿崩症
    • D、遗传性尿崩症
    • E、特发性尿崩症

    正确答案:B,D,E

  • 第18题:

    单选题
    Greene thought that the study proved _____.
    A

    the importance of a Mediterranean-style diet to diabetes patients.

    B

    the effect of a Mediterranean-style diet which can replaces medication.

    C

    the rationality for diabetes patients to refuse medication.

    D

    the unnecessity for prediabetes to take medication.


    正确答案: A
    解析:
    推断题。题目问的是Greene对于实验的正面评价,由此定位到文章第六段。选项B“地中海式饮食的效果完全可以代替药物”和选项C“糖尿病患者拒绝服药的合理性”均为该实验未能证明的结论,与题意相悖,皆可排除。选项D“前驱糖尿病患者没有必要服药”本身并不是实验的研究内容,故排除。选项A“地中海式食物对于糖尿病患者的重要作用”既是实验的结果,又与第六段引号内的内容一致,故答案为A项。

  • 第19题:

    单选题
    What is Greene’s attitude toward avoidance of medicine for diabetes patients?
    A

    Indifferent.

    B

    Supportive.

    C

    Negative.

    D

    Worried.


    正确答案: B
    解析:
    态度题由题干中的关键词可定位到文章最后一段。该段主要表达的是,对某些糖尿病患者而言,用饮食治疗糖尿病是合理的选择。由此可以推断,Greene对避免药物治疗的观点持肯定态度,故选项B符合题意,本题答案为B项。

  • 第20题:

    单选题
    What can be concluded from the passage?
    A

    Medical tests and education for Americans with diabetes are not covered by the present healthcare schemes.

    B

    If you are 20 years old or more, you are more likely to suffer from diabetes.

    C

    Family help is the more important and most effective in detecting and treating diabetes.

    D

    In the US, July 1 is a day of celebration for hospital staff, nurses and patients.


    正确答案: A
    解析:
    推理判断题。录音首句提到“…that starting July 1 for the very first time, medicare will cover tests and education for Americans with diabetes”,表明从七月一日起,美国糖尿病患者的检查和教育首次被纳入医疗保险之中。可推断出,在此之前,美国医疗保保险不包括对糖尿病患者的检查和教育。因此选项A表达内容与录音原文相符。
    【录音原文】
    Today, I’m pleased to announce that starting on July 1 for the very first time, medicare will cover tests and education for Americans with diabetes. With this announcement today, the 20 percent of older Americans with diabetes will be able to take preventive steps to help them and their families avoid the pain and loss that can come when this disease is undetected and untreated.

  • 第21题:

    单选题
    Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
    A

    The new treatment for diabetes has been applied to humans.

    B

    There is not much difference between mouse diabetes and human type diabetes.

    C

    The discovery of what goes wrong with a special kind of mice enables scientists to find a way to prevent diabetes in humans.

    D

    The discovery made by the research groups led by Daniel L. Kaufman and Hugh Mcdevit is convincing.


    正确答案: D
    解析:
    本题考查细节。根据文章第二段第二句“the researchers say they may be ready to test their techniques on humans in five years and that a treatment for patients in the early stages of the disease could be ready to test in two years.”可知研究者准备五年后在人身上实验他们的技术,两年后治疗处于糖尿病初期的患者,因此这种对糖尿病的治疗方法还没有用到人类身上。故A项说法不正确。第一句提到“mouse diabetes is almost identical to human type 1 diabetes”,由此可知鼠类的糖尿病与人类的一种糖尿病几乎一样,并没有太大区别,故B项说法正确。有文章第三段可知这些发现是由两个不同的团队独立完成的,第四段提到这些研究令人信服,故D项说法正确。第一段最后一句“...have developed a way to prevent the disease in the Roberts.”,此处的罗伯特并不是特指叫这个名字的人而是泛指人类。故C项说法正确。

  • 第22题:

    判断题
    An unhealthy lifestyle, which may lead to disorders of the blood fats, development of diabetes or pre-diabetes, and the onset or aggravation of high blood pressure, can increase the chances of atherosclerosis.
    A

    B


    正确答案:
    解析:
    录音中指出在减少动脉硬化(atherosclerosis)风险方面,最重要的是选择健康的生活方式,因为健康的生活方式有助于“avoid disorders of the blood fats, development of diabetes or pre-diabetes, and the onset or aggravation of high blood pressure”,因此不健康的生活方式可能会引发这一系列疾病,从而增加动脉硬化的风险。
    【录音原文】
    Although people cannot choose their parents or slow down the march of years, they can do a great deal to reduce their risk of atherosclerosis, first and foremost by adopting a healthy lifestyle. Avoid being overweight; follow a prudent diet; and incorporate physical activity into your daily life, as this helps you avoid disorders of the blood fats, development of diabetes or pre-diabetes, and the onset or aggravation of high blood pressure. Moreover, do not smoke, or stop if you do.

  • 第23题:

    单选题
    We learn from Para. 8 and Para. 9 that _____.
    A

    diabetes patients must take medication upon diagnosis.

    B

    medication is the first line of defense against Type 2 diabetes.

    C

    both lifestyle and medication are important for diabetes patients.

    D

    diabetes patients have no difficulties accepting medical cure.


    正确答案: D
    解析:
    推断题。根据题干定位到文章八、九段。第八段主要说明现实中糖尿病的一些治疗方法及其实际应用情况。由该段第二句中建议服药的内容可知,选项A“糖尿病患者一经确诊必须服药”的表述错误,可排除。该段第一句话指出,预防Ⅱ型糖尿病的最好方法通常是运动和饮食,选项B与之矛盾,故排除。第九段最后一句提到,药物治疗所需的费用使许多糖尿病患者无法接受治疗,选项D与之相悖,故排除。由第八段第二句可知,生活方式和药物治疗对于糖尿病患者都很重要,选项C与之吻合,故答案为C项。

  • 第24题:

    多选题
    根据损伤部位及严重程度,尿崩症可分()
    A

    完全性尿崩症

    B

    三相性尿崩症

    C

    永久性尿崩症

    D

    暂时性尿崩症

    E

    部分性尿崩症


    正确答案: B,D
    解析: 暂无解析