“知识产权”这一概念是从西方传来的，英文为Intellectual Property，意为（）

知识产权这一概念起源于西方。

在西方，螳螂更是备受青睐。螳螂的英文名mantis来自（）语，意为“占卜者。”

根据本课程，在台湾“Intellectual property”被翻译成（）。

以（）这一概念为核心，格老秀斯改变了古代万民法的概念，阐释了近代国际法的概念；为近代西方国际政治学说奠定了基础。

Effective protection of intellectual property rights can benefit from the education on academic _____.

Practice 4　　Some critics believe that the very concept of intellectual property is mistaken. Unlike physical property, ideas are non-rivalrous goods that can be used by many people at the same time without making them any less useful. The term “intellectual property” was widely adopted only in the 1960s, as a way to bundle trademarks, copyrights and patents. Those critics argue that today’s rights are too strict and make the sharing of knowledge too expensive.　　The paradox about intellectual property in IT and telecommunications is that it eases the exchange of technology and acts as a bottleneck for innovation at the same time. The whole system is in a stage of transformation. “Markets require institutions, and institutions take a long time to develop. Today, the institutions for a ‘market for technology’ are not well developed, and it is costly to use this market,” says a specialist.　　Ideas are to the information age what the physical environment was to the industrial one: the raw material of economic progress. Just as pollution or an irresponsible use of property rights threatens land and climate, so an overly stringent system of intellectual-property rights risks holding back technological progress. Disruptive innovation that threatens the existing order must be encouraged, but the need to protect ideas must not be used as an excuse for greed. Finding the right balance will test the industry, policymakers and the public in the years ahead.

知识产权运用这一概念最早是由2008年国务院发布的名为《国家知识产权战略纲要》的文件中提出来的。

“知识产权”这一概念是从西方传来的，英文为Intellectual Property，意为（）

Which of the following statements concerning intellectual property is wrong？（）

Practice 7　　In recent years intellectual property has received a lot more attention because ideas and innovations have become the most important resource, replacing land, energy and raw materials. As much as three-quarters of the value of publicly traded companies in America comes from intangible assets, up from around 40% in the early 1980s. “The economic product of the United States”, says Alan Greenspan, the chairman of America’s Federal Reserve, has become “predominantly conceptual”. Intellectual property forms part of those conceptual assets.　　In information technology and telecoms in particular, the role of intellectual property has changed radically. What used to be the preserve of corporate lawyers and engineers in R&D labs has been speedily embraced by the boardroom. “Intellectual-asset management” now figures as a strategic business issue. In America alone, technology licensing revenue accounts for an estimated $45 billion annually; worldwide, the figure is around $100 billion and growing fast.　　Technology firms are seeking more patents, expanding their scope, licensing more, litigating more and overhauling their business models around intellectual property. Yet paradoxically, as some companies batten down the hatches, other firms have found ways of making money by opening up their treasure-chest of innovation and sharing it with others. The rise of open-source software is just one example. And a new breed of companies has appeared on the periphery of today’s tech firms, acting as intellectual-property intermediaries and creating a market for ideas.

是（）于1995年第一个提出了信息化战争这一概念。美军的相应概念是（）（英文）。