Standardized mortality rate

共用题干
Lung Cancer
1 The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years.It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts.There are many possible causes,but it is still controversial which are most blameworthy.Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air(smoke particles,smog,exhaust fumes),and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars.
2 Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits.Among heavy smokers-21 to 30 cigarettes per day-the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers.It is expected the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect.
3 Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis.Too often,however,a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from x-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer.Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained.Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger,at least to those over 40 years of age,that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be completely removed.
4 A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma,so-called because the malignancy originates in a bronchus.The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked,cutting off the supply of air to that lung.The lung then collapses,and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected,with a resulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess.Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body.The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure,before secondary growths have had time to form,is to remove the lung completely.This operation is called pneumonectomy.
5 Malignant tumors of the stomach,the breast,the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs,causing secondary growths.

Paragraph 3______
A:Common Secondary Lung Cancers
B:The Advantages Brought About by Routine Chest Checkup
C:Relationship Between Mortality Rate From Lung Cancer and Smoking Habits
D:Operable and Inoperable Lung Cancers
E:The Increasing Death Rate From Lung Cancer and Possible Causes
F:An Ordinary Type of Lung Cancer

With a teacher like Mr.Brown,the（ ）method used in the classroom was by no means standardized.

A.traditional
B.learning
C.pedagogical
D.pococurante

__________advance seems to be following advance on almost a monthly basis.

A.So rapid is the rate of progress that

B.Rapid as the rate of progress is that

C.So rapid is the rate of progress as

D.Rapid as the rate of progress as

Being fat doesn’t necessarily mean you're unhealthy,according to a new study.Researchers at York University in Toronto found that obesity 1 doesnt increase your risk for mortality 2 it's 3 another metabolic risk factor,such as high blood sugar or high levels of bad cholesterol This is 4 most of the literature,Jennifer Kuk,a（n）5 professor of kinesiology at York University,writes in a press 6.She says 7,most studies defined"healthy"obesity 8 having up to one metabolic risk factor--which is an issue,9 conditions like high blood sugar and bad cholesterol increase mortality risk for anyone,skinny or fat.This is likely 10 most studies have reported that healthy'obesity is still 11 higher mortality risk,she says.The study looked at data of 54,089 men and women from five large studies,and 12 them into two groups:those who were obese and had no metabolic risk factors,and those who were obese and had metabolic 13 such as elevated glucose,blood pressure or lipids Researchers then looked at how many people in each group died,and 14 their numbers to the death rate for 15-weight folks who had no metabolic risk factors We found that a person of normal weight 16 no other metabolic nsk factors is Just as likely to die as the person with obesity and no other risk factors,"Kuk says.according to their 17 individuals with metabolically healthy obesity are actually not at an elevated mortality 18 This means that hundreds of thousands of people in North America with metabolically healthy obe sity will be told to lose weight when it's 19 how much benefit they'll actually 20 she concludes
4选？

A.in the case of
B.in contact wit
C.in contrast with
D.in cooperation with

共用题干
Lung Cancer
1 The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years.It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts.There are many possible causes,but it is still controversial which are most blamewor-thy.Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air(smoke particles,smog,exhaust fumes),and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars.
2 Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits.Among heavy smokers-21 to 30 cigarettes per day-the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers.It is expected that the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect.
3 Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time when an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis.Too often,however,a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer.Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained.Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger,at least to those over 40 years of age,that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be com-pletely removed.
4 A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma,so-called because the malignancy originates in a bronchus.The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked,cutting off the supply of air to that lung.The lung then collapses,and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected,with a re-sulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess.Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body.The on-ly treatment that offers a possibility of cure,before secondary growths have time to form,is to remove the lung completely.This operation is called pneumonectomy.
5 Malignant tumors of the stomach,the breast,the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs,causing secondary growths.

Paragraph2______
A:Common Secondary Lung Cancers
B:The Adwintages Brought About by Routine Chest Checkup
C:Relationship Between Mortality Rate From Lung Cancer and Smoking Habits
D:Operable and Inoperable Lung Cancers
E:The Increasing Death Rate From Lung Cancer and Possible Causes
F:An Ordinary Type of Lung Cancer