Psycholinguistics is the study of the mental processes that a person uses in producing and understanding language, and how humans learn （）.
题目
Psycholinguistics is the study of the mental processes that a person uses in producing and understanding language, and how humans learn （）.
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更多“Psycholinguistics is the study of the mental processes that a person uses in producing and understanding language, and how humans learn （）.”相关问题
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第1题：
The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who_________.
A． are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about science.
B． are good at producing various gadgets.
C． work in a storehouse of dried facts.
D． want to have a superficial understanding of science.
正确答案：A
由第二段首句This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial…可以推出本题正确答案为A。 -
第2题：
Animals other than humans have not developed communications comparable to human language. But is it possible that other animals have the capacity to learn a language if they are adequately taught? Obviously, this is a fascination notion. The idea of communicating directly with another species has long been a part of human folklore and children’s fantasies. But on a scientific level, the question of whether animals can learn a language is important primarily because it relates to the controversy()between the cognitive and the learning approaches to language. If language is dependent on and is actually an outgrowth of the intellectual structure of the human mind, there is the strong supposition that only humans are capable of using language. Therefore, Noam Chomsky and other psycholinguists have argued that only humans can learn a language, while most behaviorists feel that with sufficient patience it should be possible to teach an animal some sort of language. Although the two schools of thought clearly differ on this point, it is not really a crucial test of the two theories. If a chimpanzee can master a simple language all it would mean is that the chimp’s intellectual capacity and brain structure are more similar to ours than we thought. It would not necessarily imply that our intellectual structure is unimportant in our own mastery of language. Thus, teaching an animal language is an impressive demonstration of the power of learning techniques, but it is not evidence that language is developed entirely through learning.On the other hand, the question of whether other animals can learn a language is fascination in its own right, aside from its value as a test of the two theories of language development. Accordingly, whatever one’s position on the theoretical dispute, we must consider training an animal to use language a dramatic accomplishment.
36.Which of the following statements is the view of psycholinguists?
A. The cognitive view of language learning says that only human beings can learn language because it is an outgrowth of the structure of the human mind.
B. Other animals simply could master a language.
C. The animals intellectual capacity is much better than human beings.
D. Language is developed by learning.
37.The behaviorists’ view is that __________.
A. language is actually an outgrowth of intellectual structure of the animal’s mind
B. animals have not developed communications system
C. given enough patience, a man should be able to teach an animal some sort of language
D. only human beings can learn language
38.That an animal can master a simple language means that __________.
A. human’s intellectual structure is not important
B. animals’ intellectual capacity and brain structure are more similar to the humans’
C. the learning techniques are much more important
D. language is developed completely by learning
39.The main idea of paragraph two is ___________.
A. teaching a chimp language is not crucial test of the two theories
B. their brain structure is not similar to human
C. using various methods to let the chimp master a language
D. training a nonhuman to use language is an amazing accomplishment
40.The best title for this passage would be _________.
A. Animals’ language
B. Human’s language
C. Teaching Animals’ Language
D. Can Other Animals Acquire Language?
参考答案：
36.B37.A38.D39.C40.C
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第3题：
The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who( )．
A． are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about science
B． are good at producing various gadgets
C． work in a storehouse of dried facts
D． want to have a superficial understanding of science
正确答案：A
A [解析]由第二段首句This book is written for the intelligent student or lay per son whose acquaintance with science is superficial.．，可以推出本题正确答案为A。 -
第4题：
We learn from the text that a person with heart disease has a better chance of getting well if
A．he has a pet companion
B．he has less stress of work
C．he often does mental arithmetic
D．he is taken care of by his family
正确答案：A
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第5题：
It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college.Students without experience can catch up after a fewi ntroductory courses,said Tom Cortina,the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.However,Cortina said,early exposure is beneficial.When younger kids learn computer science,they learn that it’s not just a confusing,endless string of letters and numbers—but a tool to build apps,or create artwork,or test hypotheses.It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal.Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap,Cortinasaid.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college,where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim,which candrivet heless-experiencedor-determined students away.The Flatiron School,where people pay to learn programming,started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change.The high-schoolers get the same curriculum,but“we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,”said Victoria Friedman,an instructor.For instance,one of the apps the students aredevelopingsuggestsmoviesbasedonyourmood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook.Programming languages have a quick turnover,so the“Ruby on Rails”language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market.But the skills they learn—how to think logically through a problem and organize the results—apply to any coding language,said Deborah Seehorn,an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed,the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all.But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes.These kids are going to be surrounded by computers—in their pockets,in their offices,in their homes—forthe rest of their lives.The younger they learn how computers think,how to coax the machine into producing what they want—the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that—the better.
Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will____.A.help students learn other computer languages
B.have to be upgraded when new technologies come
C.need improving when students look for jobs
D.enable students to make big quick money答案：A解析：根据题干关键词Deborah Seehorn可以定位到第五段最后一句，该定位句指出黛博拉?塞洪认为他们学会的机能——如何有逻辑地思考问题并整理结果——适用于任何编程语言，这里的“他们”是指代该段第一句中的The students in the Flatiron class，对应题干中的the skills learned at Flatiron，选项A中computer languages的同义改写，由此可知，正确答案为A。 -
第6题：
共用题干
Washoe Learned American Sign Language
An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the A-merican state of Washington.Washoe, had become known in the scientific community and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language.She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language .Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to under-stand language.
Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966.In 1969,the Gardeners described Washoe's progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words. For example,Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and ba-nanas .She also asked questions like,“Who is coming to play?”Once the news about Washoe spread,many language scientists began studies of their own into this nev and exciting area of research .The whole direction of primate research changed.
However,critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watc-hing her teachers.They said she had never developed true language skills.Even now,there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory,and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoe's keepers disagree.Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gar-deners. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg,Washington. There,Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees,which are still alive.
Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe Washoe provided new information a-bout the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today,there are not as many scientists studying lan-guage skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time.
Debate continues about chimps' understanding of human communication. Yet,one thing is sure-Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.We can draw a conclusion from the last paragraph that______.
A: whether chimps can learn a human language remains unanswerable
B: primate have the ability to speak a language
C: animals cannot learn a human sign
D: Washoe is as intelligent as humans答案：A解析：根据第二段的“…many language scientists began studies of their own into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed.”可知，这个试验影响了对灵长目动物的研究。故本题选D。
段落主旨题。仔细阅读本段发现，这是对Washoe学习手语进展的报道。故选A。
根据第三段的“However,critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers.”可知，批评家们认为，Washoe只是重复老师教给她的手语，并没有发展真正的语言技能。故本题选B。
由第一段的“She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language.”可知， B正确。由第三段“There,Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees...”知，是Washoe教三个年轻黑程猩手语的，A错误；根据第一段第二句可知，Washoe出生于非洲，死于美国华盛顿，C错误；根据倒数第二段的“Today,there are not as many sci-entists studying language skills with chimps.”可知，D项错误。故本题选B。
根据最后一段第一句可知，科学家们对于黑猩猩理解人类语言仍有争议，因此黑猩猩能否学习人类语言仍然没有答案。因此选A。 -
第7题：
Psycholinguistics is the study of the mental processes that a person uses in producing and understanding language, and how humans learn （）.
language
略 -
第8题：
Language is capable of producing new forms and meanings.（）
正确答案:正确 -
第9题：
A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time.
正确答案:错误 -
第10题：
单选题Scientific evidence from different fields of study demonstrates that in most humans the left hemisphere of the brain controls language.Aspectaculars
Bdisciplines
Cspectrums
Dinstructions
正确答案： C解析： 句意：不同研究领域的科学证据表明，绝大多数人是靠左半脑控制语言。field of study研究领域。discipline学科，科目。spectacular盛大的场面。展览品。spectrum系列。光谱。instruction指令，命令。 -
第11题：
单选题The statement language acquisition might be our best hope (lines 68-69) means that ______.Athe ability to speak is a great asset to the survival of the human species
Bstudying how language is learned will help answer deeper questions about psychology
Cthe study of linguistics is helping to make cognitive science a more popular subject
Dan individual who does not learn to speak will not develop cognitive skills
Ecognitive science has been given little notice until now
正确答案： D解析：
这篇文章提到语言习得可能最有希望帮我们弄清楚环境和遗传怎么共同影响人类认知能力上的发展（68-70行）。 -
第12题：
问答题Let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.正确答案：解析： -
第13题：
回答下列各题 Adults are getting smarter about how smart babies are. Not long ago, researchers learned that4-day-old could understand 26______and subtraction. Now, British research psychologist Graham Schaferhas discovered that infants can learn words for uncommon things long before they can speak. He foundthat 9-month-old infants could be taught, through repeated show-and-tell, to 27______the names of objectsthat were foreign to them, a result that 28______in some ways the received wisdom that, apart from learningto29______ things common to their dally lives, children dont begin to build vocabulary until well into theirsecond year. "Its no 30______that children learn words, but the words they tend to know are words linkedto 31______situations in the home," explains Schafer. "This is the first demonstration that we can choosewhat words the children will learn and that they can respond to them with an unfamiliar voice 32______in anunfamiliar setting. " Figuring out how humans acquire language may 33______why some children learn to read and writelater than others, Schafer says, and could lead to better treatments for developmental problems. Whatsmore, the study of language 34______offers direct insight into how humans learn. "Language is a test casefor human cognitive development," says Schafer. But parents eager to teach their infants should takenote : even without being taught new words, a control group 35______the other infants within a few months."This is not about advancing development," he says. "Its just about what children can do at an earlierage than what educators have often thought. 第(26)题__________
正确答案：addition
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第14题：
________ is the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication、A Semantics
B Pragmatics
C Sociolinguistics
D Psycholinguistics
答案：B
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第15题：
读A、B两篇材料,根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
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What the three barriers (障碍) to study are and what to do about them
What to do if you are tired of a subject
Children read it to improve the ability to study. How to Use a Dictionary Picture Book for Children $35
Read this book and learn:
How to look up words in a dictionary
What the different marks in a dictionary mean
How to use a dictionary to pronounce words correctly
Buy this book and help children unlock their education.What’s more, you’ll just pay 60% for it before May 10, 2009.
第 1 题 （ ）“__________” can tell you what to do if you are tired of a subject.
A．Study Skills for Life
B．Learning How to Learn
C．Basic Study Guidebook
D．How to Use a Dictionary Picture Book for Children
正确答案：C
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第16题：
共用题干
The Bilingual Brain
When Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea as a teenager,he had a hard time learning English.Now he speaks it fluently, and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language.As a graduate student, Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch, a neuroscientist in New York Their work led to an important discovery.They found evidence that children and adults don't use the same parts ofthe brain when they learn a second language.
The researchers used an instrument called an MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people.One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children.The other consisted of people who,like Kim,learned their second language later in lite.Peoplefrom both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner ,This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of thebrain were getting more blood and were more active.They asked people from both groups to think about whatthey had done the day before ,first in one language and then the other.They couldn't speak out loudbecause any movement would disrupt（干扰）the scanning.
Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain-Broca' s area, which isbelieved to control speech production,and Wernicke's area,which is thought to process meaning.Kim andHirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language theywere speaking.But their use of Broca's area was different.
People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca's area for both tneir first and second languages.People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Broca's area for their second language.How does Hirsch explain this difference?Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children,their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area.Once that programming is complete,the processing of a new language must be taken over by adifferent part of the brain.
A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do asadults.Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class.Karl Kim's study showed that______.
A:people learn English and Korean in different ways
B:children and adults use the different parts of the brain to learn a second language
C:it is not possible for an adult to speak a second language fluently
D:people's brains will not change when they learn a second language答案：B解析：由文章第一段最后一句可知，他们发现证据表明儿童和成人在学习第二语言时使用的是大脑的不同区域，故选B。
由文章第二段第一句可知，研究人员使用一种名为MRI扫描仪的设备来研究这两组学习双语人群的大脑活动，故选C。
由文章第三段第一句可知，这两个中枢的作用分别是控制语言产出和处理语言意义，这属于中枢的功能，故选B。
由文章第四段第一句可知，从儿童时期就开始学习第二语言的人在学习第二语言时所使用的大脑布洛卡区域和学母语时相同，故选A。
文章最后一段主要讲的是儿童和成年人学习语言的方式和手段不同，尤其提到了母亲在教授儿童语言时的独特方式：触觉、视觉和听觉等多种手段并用。这与以后学校的语言学习手段有着很大不同。我们可以推断出母亲很擅长教授孩子语言，尤其从“Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.”这句话更可以看出。选项D是根据我们学习语言的经验得出的推断，但文中并没有这层隐含之意。 -
第17题：
共用题干
Successful Language Learners
1.Some people seem to have a knack for learning languages.They can pick up new vocabulary,master rules or grammar,and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others.They do not seem to be any more intelligent than others,so what makes language learning so much easier for them?Perhaps if we take a close look at these successful language learners,we may discover a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them.
2.First of all,successful language learners are independent learners.They do not depend on the book or the teacher;they discover their own way to learn the language.Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain,they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves.They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions.When they guess wrong,they guess again.They try to learn from mistakes.
3.Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore,successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language;they look for such a chance.They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake.They will try anything to com-municate.They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things;they are willing to make mistakes and try again.When communication is difficult,they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete.It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.
4.Finally,successful language learners are learners with a purpose.They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it.It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them.They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.
5.What kind of language learner are you?If you are a successful language learner,you have probably been learning independently,actively,and purposefully.On the other hand,if your language learning has been less than successful,you might as well try some of the techniques outlined above.Paragraph 3_________.
A:Ways to learn a language successfully.
B:Learning a language purposefully.
C:Learning a language actively.
D:Learning a language independently.
E:Learning from mistakes.
F:Learning to think in the target language.答案：C解析：本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段首先通过举例方式说明有些人似乎学习语言比别人更快更轻松，引出该篇文章的主题：…a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them．即成功学习语言的方法。
本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段主要讲述的是第一个学习语言的方法，就是独立学习的能力，作者通过举例子的方式来说明这一方法，例如这些人不会依赖老师或者课本，而是自己去摸索总结出一定的模式，寻找线索，大胆地、不断地进行猜测，从错误中学习。
本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段主要讲述第二个语言学习的方法，就是积极主动学习的能力，这些人会寻找一切使用语言的机会，找人纠正他们的错误，敢于说一些即使有些别扭的句子，愿意接受不准确或不完整的信息，对他们来说，学习另一种思维方式比知道单词的意思更加重要。
本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段主要讲述第三个语言学习的方法，就是有目的性地学习的能力，这些人往往是因为对讲这种语言的人以及语言本身感兴趣才学习，这样，他们可以更好地和使用这种语言的当地人交流并向他们学习。
本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段第四句话：They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions.
本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段第三句话：Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves.
本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第三段第二句话：Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance.
本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨的了解。依据是第二段、第三段、第四段的第一句也就是每一段的主题句。本文的主旨就是介绍这三种重要的语言学习方法：独立、主动、有目的地学语言。 -
第18题：
Psycholinguistics investigates the interrelation of language and ( )A.a speech community
B.its diversity
C.human mind
D.human behavior答案：C解析：语言学基本概念。心理语言学属于宏观语言学，研究语言和大脑的关系。 -
第19题：
Language is capable of producing new forms and meanings.（）
A对
B错
对
略 -
第20题：
A historical study of language is a （）study of language.
- A、synchronic
- B、diachronic
- C、prescriptive
- D、comparative
正确答案:B -
第21题：
填空题Psycholinguistics is the study of the mental processes that a person uses in producing and understanding language, and how humans learn （）.正确答案： language解析： 暂无解析 -
第22题：
问答题Your class has recently had a discussion about learning a foreign language. For homework, your teacher has asked you to write a composition of no fewer than 120 words, giving your opinion about the following statement: The best way to learn a foreign language is to study it in the country where it is spoken. Please write your composition on the Answer Sheet.正确答案：
The Best Way to Learn a Foreign LanguageWe have had a discussion about whether the best way to learn a foreign language is to study it in the country where it is spoken in class recently. Some of my classmates believe that to study the language in the country where it is spoken is the best way to learn a foreign language. And some think going abroad is not necessary the best way to learn a foreign language. In my opinion, the best way to learn a foreign language is to study it in an environment of that language. And it does not matter whether we go to the country where it is spoken or not yet.
First of all, a foreign language environment is very important in language learning. If we have a friend who speaks that language we want to learn as his or her mother tongue, it will be effective in language learning through chatting with him or her in that language. Learning a foreign language conversationally can help us improve our listening and comprehensive competences as well as our oral language in the same time.
Second, we can build a foreign language environment even if we are not living in the country where the language is spoken. Making a foreign friend is a good way. Besides, joining a salon of that language and chatting with other foreign language learners in that foreign language and participating in various activities about language learning are all useful in building a foreign language environment. And there are many fairly good language software programs and language learning websites on line, which we can have an access to them easily.
In a word, the best way to learn a foreign language is not definitely to study the language in the country where it is spoken. Instead, it is to build a foreign language environment around us and make great efforts in language learning.解析： 暂无解析 -
第23题：
判断题Language is capable of producing new forms and meanings.（）A对
B错
正确答案： 对解析： 暂无解析 -
第24题：
单选题In line 99, natural science, social science and philosophy are mentioned as examples of disciplines that ______.Amutually accepted a single theory of how language is acquired
Bquestioned the need to study cognitive science as a separate discipline
Cregarded an understanding of language acquisition to be beyond the scope of the scientific method
Ddid not put enough resources into the study of language acquisition
Edisagreed about the manner in which human languages should be studied
正确答案： E解析：
文中提到自然科学，社会科学和哲学三门学科几乎在语言能力是天生还是后天习得的达成一致（99-100行）。换句话说，它们就语言习得理论有共同看法。